Postprandial portal fluxes of essential amino acids, volatile fatty acids, and urea-nitrogen in growing pigs fed a high-fiber diet supplemented with a multi-enzyme cocktail1

A study was made of the composition, intake, and digestion of dried Phalaris tuberosa forage that had been harvested at three stages of maturity. Advancing maturity was associated with: (i) decreased food intake; (ii) increased expenditure of time and energy in chewing activities; (iii) decline in the rate of flow of digesta from the abomasum though not from the rumen; (iv) decline in digestibility in the whole tract of organic matter, nitrogen, and the structural carbohydrates; (v) decline in the digestion of fibre in the rumen relative to that occurring in the whole tract; (vi) decline in the quantities of volatile fatty acids and amino acids made available to the animal. By contrast only small differences attributable to maturity were observed in: (i) the distribution of digestion of organic matter between stomach and intestines; (ii) the digestibility of nitrogen other than ammonia in the intestines; (iii) the proportions of digestible organic matter derived from volatile fatty acids and amino acids; (iv) the proportions of individual amino acids in the digesta passing to the intestine. It was calculated that microbial piotcin contributed 33, 38, and 47% of the protein passing from the stomach to the intestincs with the diets of advancing maturity. Most of the remaining protein was presumably of dietary origin. About 80% of the crude protein in the digesta was present in the form of amino acids, and the quantities of amino acids released in the intestines were calculated to be equivalent to 64–66 g/100 g crude protein intake. With advancing maturity of the diets the plasma levels of the essential ammo acids except lysine, histidine, and arginine declined; there was little effect of diet on the plasma levels 01 non-essential amino acids. However, relative to total essential amino acids, the ratios of valine and leucine decreased with advancing maturity of the diet while those of lysine, histidine, glutamate, glycine, alanine, and serine increased. * Part 111, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 1969, 20, 347.

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Do colonic short-chain fatty acids contribute to the long-term adaptation of blood lipids in subjects with type 2 diabetes consuming a high-fiber diet?

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/75.6.1023 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 75 (6) ◽

pp. 1023-1030 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Thomas MS Wolever ◽

Katrin B Schrade ◽

Janet A Vogt ◽

Elizabeth B Tsihlias ◽

Michael I McBurney

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Blood Lipids ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

High Fiber ◽

Fiber Diet ◽

High Fiber Diet

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Amino acid requirements of growing pigs. 6. Isoleucine

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100031950 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 153-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

S. J. Taylor ◽

D. J. A. Cole ◽

D. Lewis

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Live Weight ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Food Utilization ◽

Urea Nitrogen ◽

Plasma Urea ◽

Amino Acid Requirements

ABSTRACTThe response of the growing female pig (25 to 55 kg live weight) to increasing dietary isoleucine supplies at two levels of dietary leucine was assessed by measurement of growth rate, food utilization, tissue deposition as indicated by ham dissection and changes in plasma urea concentration. A range of isoleucine concentrations from 3·7 g/kg to 5T g/kg of the diet was derived from a basal diet and seven increments of L-isoleucine. Synthetic L-leucine was added to the basal diet to increase the concentration from 12 g/kg to 15 g/kg to achieve the two levels. The basal diet was formulated using barley, maize, blood meal, yeast protein, fat and tapioca with synthetic amino acids included to maintain at least 9·5 g/kg lysine and adequate concentrations of other essential amino acids and non-essential nitrogen. The 16 diets were replicated four times and fed to 64 female growing pigs once daily according to a restricted feeding scale. Blood samples were taken from each pig at 40 kg live weight for the determination of plasma urea nitrogen.The addition of synthetic leucine to the basal diet had no consistent effect on growth performance or carcass quality, although it did result in elevated levels of plasma urea nitrogen. The response of growth performance and the composition of the ham joint to increasing dietary isoleucine concentration was interpreted by broken line functions which indicated an isoleucine requirement of 4·4 to 4·5 g/kg of the diet.

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Effect of a high-protein, high-fiber diet plus supplementation with branched-chain amino acids on the nutritional status of patients with cirrhosis

Revista de Gastroenterología de México (English Edition) ◽

10.1016/j.rgmxen.2017.02.005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 9-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Ruiz-Margáin ◽

R.U. Macías-Rodríguez ◽

S.L. Ríos-Torres ◽

B.M. Román-Calleja ◽

O. Méndez-Guerrero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽

High Protein ◽

High Fiber ◽

Fiber Diet ◽

High Fiber Diet ◽

Branched Chain

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Effect of underfeeding on metabolism of portal-drained viscera in ewes

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114500002439 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 84 (6) ◽

pp. 821-828 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Pierre Nozière ◽

Didier Rémond ◽

Laurence Bernard ◽

Michel Doreau

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Short Term ◽

Arterial Concentration ◽

Net Uptake ◽

Net Release ◽

Total Amino Acids

We investigated whether short-term underfeeding could induce adaptative mechanisms in portal-drained viscera (PDV) that would allow nutrients to be spared for vital functions in adult ewes. Six ewes (three of them fitted with catheters in the mesenteric artery and portal and mesenteric veins) were fed, in a double 3×3 Latin square design (2 weeks per experimental period), a regrowth of natural grassland hay at 143 (high; H), 88 (medium; M) and 51 (low; L) % of their energy maintenance requirements. The digestibility of the diet was measured in all six ewes and the net portal fluxes of nutrients in the three catheterized ewes. The organic matter content and N digestibility of the diet were not affected by underfeeding. Urinary and faecal N losses and N balance were linearly related to feed intake. Arterial concentration of acetate was linearly related to feed intake. Arterial concentrations of the other volatile fatty acids, 3-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, glucose, NH3, urea and total amino acids were not affected by underfeeding. Arterial concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) increased with underfeeding. The portal net release of all volatile fatty acids, 3-hydroxybutyrate and NH3were linearly related to intake. The portal net flux of both essential and non-essential amino acids, and thus total amino acids, remained unchanged between levels H and M, and decreased between levels M and L. A significant net uptake for glycine and total non-essential amino acids occurred at level L. The portal net uptake of glucose, urea, glutamate and glutamine, and the portal net release of lactate and NEFA were not affected by underfeeding. Summation of portal energy fluxes indicated that 51 % of the metabolizable energy intake was recovered in the portal blood with the three levels of intake. In conclusion, no quantitative adaptation to spare energy, in terms of percentage of intake, occurred in PDV of short-term underfed ruminants, but the pattern of absorption of energetic nutrients was modified.

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PLASMA AMINO ACIDS IN COWS FED HIGH-FIBER UREA-SUPPLEMENTED DIETS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas75-086 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 715-720 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R. BOUCHARD ◽

H. R. CONRAD

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Milk Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Plasma Amino Acids ◽

High Fiber ◽

Fiber Diet ◽

Daily Rate ◽

Starch Diet

A diet containing, on a dry matter basis, 41.8% acid detergent fiber and 17.9% crude protein, of which 55% was obtained from urea, was compared for lactating dairy cows with a diet in which nitrogen was supplied from vegetable protein, and most of the total digestible nutrients were from starch. Dry matter intake was 17.6 and 14.9 kg per day (P < 0.05), 4% fat-corrected milk production was 23.2 and 20.8 kg per day (P < 0.05), and total levels of essential amino acids were 159.78 and 176.14 μg/ml (P < 0.05), respectively, for the cows receiving the protein–starch diet, compared with those receiving the urea–fiber diet. Except for serine, proline, cystine, asparagine and threonine, the plasma amino acids were lower in cows fed the protein–starch diet than in cows fed the fiber–urea diet. The plasma content of all amino acids except aspartic acid, glutamic acid and cystine increased consistently during the 1st mo of lactation. This elevation was coincidental with an increasing daily rate of feed consumption and a more rapidly increasing milk production.

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