scholarly journals THE NARRATOR’S VOICE OF FREEDOM IN RALPH ELLISON’S INVISIBLE MAN: A STUDY OF POSTCOLONIAL LITERATURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Khotimatul Khusnah ◽  
Vita Vendityaningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Black People ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Postcolonial Literature ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
White People ◽  
Invisible Man ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Mental Disturbance ◽  
The Voice

<p>The purpose of this research is to<strong> </strong>describe<strong> </strong>the position of Black people as the folk who get discrimination in America and explain the Narrator’s voice as the Black people in conveying the equality between Black and White people in America that is represented in<em> Invisible Man</em> novel. This research uses qualitative research. The researcher needs postcolonial literature by Lois Tyson to get evidences the effects and goals of the author in creating a story. The analysis reveals that Black people include subordinate people, oppressed minority group, and lower class that always suppressed and exploited by superior people who have power. Black people try to fight against superior to show their feeling of freedom for getting the same position and equality as White by conveying their voice through protest. The conclusion shows that inferiority makes Black people who have lower position in society get oppression that cause physical and mental disturbance from superior and the Narrator tries to struggle and get confession of Black people from the domination of White in order to survive their existence in society by conveying the voice with non-violence way through speech, action and music.</p>

Free but fragile: Human relations amidst poverty and HIV in democratic South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Christina Landman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Predominantly White ◽  
Black People ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
White People ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Black Township

Dullstroom-Emnotweni is the highest town in South Africa. Cold and misty, it is situated in the eastern Highveld, halfway between the capital Pretoria/Tswane and the Mozambique border. Alongside the main road of the white town, 27 restaurants provide entertainment to tourists on their way to Mozambique or the Kruger National Park. The inhabitants of the black township, Sakhelwe, are remnants of the Southern Ndebele who have lost their land a century ago in wars against the whites. They are mainly dependent on employment as cleaners and waitresses in the still predominantly white town. Three white people from the white town and three black people from the township have been interviewed on their views whether democracy has brought changes to this society during the past 20 years. Answers cover a wide range of views. Gratitude is expressed that women are now safer and HIV treatment available. However, unemployment and poverty persist in a community that nevertheless shows resilience and feeds on hope. While the first part of this article relates the interviews, the final part identifies from them the discourses that keep the black and white communities from forming a group identity that is based on equality and human dignity as the values of democracy.

scholarly journals Implications of institutional racism in the therapeutic itinerary of people with chronic renal failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Bruno Santos Ferreira ◽  
Climene Laura De Camargo ◽  
Maria Inês Da Silva Barbosa ◽  
Maria Lúcia Silva Servo ◽  
Marcia Maria Carneiro Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Black People ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Institutional Racism ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
White People ◽  
Comprehensive Health Care ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Comprehensive Health

Objective. To understand the implications of institutionalracism in the therapeutic itinerary of patients withchronic renal failure (CRF) in the search for diagnosis andtreatment of the disease. Methods. Descriptive, qualitativestudy developed with 23 people with CRF in a regionalreference hospital for hemodialysis treatment in NortheastBrazil. Two techniques of data collection were used: semistructured interview and consultation to the NEFRODATAelectronic medical record. For systematization andanalysis, the technique of content analysis was used. Results. Black and white people with CRF showedsignificant divergences and differences in their therapeuticitineraries: while white people had access to diagnosisduring outpatient care in other medical specialties, blackpeople were only diagnosed during hospitalization. Inaddition, white people had more access to private health plans when compared to black people, which doubles the possibility of access tohealth services. Moreover, even when the characteristics in the itinerary of blackand white people were convergent, access to diagnosis and treatment proved tobe more difficult for black people. Conclusion. The study showed the presence ofinstitutional racism in the therapeutic itinerary of people with kidney disease inwhich black people have greater difficulty in accessing health services. In this sense,there is a need to create strategies to face institutional racism and to consolidate theNational Policy for Comprehensive Health Care of the Black Population.

scholarly journals Racism Reflected in Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Nikita Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Joseph Conrad ◽  
Black People ◽  
White People ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Congo River ◽  
Heart Of Darkness ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Racist Ideology ◽  
The 19Th Century

This paper deals with the concept of racism, which is considered as a dark topic in the history of the world .Throughout history, racist ideology widespread throughout the world especially between black people and white people. In addition, many European countries started to expand their empire and to get more territories in other countries. Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness which is his experience in the Congo River during the 19th century dealt with the concept of racism, which was clear in this novel because of the conflicts that were between black and white people and it explained the real aims of colonialism in Africa, which were for wealth and power.

scholarly journals Mostly ‘black’ and ‘white’: ‘Race’, complicity and restitution in the non-fiction of Antjie Krog

Literator ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacomien Van Niekerk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Black People ◽  
Partial Answer ◽  
White People ◽  
White Race ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
The Way

This article analyses the role of ‘race’ in Antjie Krog’s non-fiction trilogy Country of My Skull (1998), A Change of Tongue (2003) and Begging to Be Black (2009). It explores her explicit use of terms such as ‘heart of whiteness’ and ‘heart of blackness’. Claims that Krog essentialises Africa and ‘black’ people are investigated. The article also addresses accusations of racism in Krog’s work. A partial answer to the persistent question of why Krog is so determinedly focused on ‘race’ is sought in the concept of complicity. There is definite specificity in the way Krog writes about ‘white’ perpetrators and ‘black’ victims in South Africa, but her trilogy should be read within the broader context of international restitution discourses, allowing for a somewhat different perspective on her contribution to the discussion of the issue of whether ‘white’ people belong in (South) Africa.

It's Still Slavery by Another Name

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Michael D. Yates
Keyword(s):  
Black Men ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Black People ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
White People ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Black And White

As the long history, right to the present day, of police and vigilante violence against black people has shown with great clarity, the racial chasm between black and white people in the United States lives on. A few black men and women have climbed into the 1 percent, and a sizable African-American middle class now exists. But by every measure of social well-being, black Americans fare much worse than their white counterparts. Just as for the economic, political, and social distance between capitalists and workers, so too is there a differential between black and white people, for these same interconnected components of daily life continue because of the way our system is structured.

scholarly journals Construction of American Hunger in Richard Wright's Novel "Black Boy"

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
Febrian Ramadhani Setiaji ◽  
Mohamad Ikhwan Rosyidi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Binary Operation ◽  
Black People ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Racial Oppression ◽  
White People ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Black Boy

This study aims at explaining the construction of American hunger in Richard Wright’s novel Black Boy. This study is a qualitative analysis that relies on the power of word or explanatory reasoning. The data were collected by reading, identifying, classifying and analyzed using the structualism theories which used in this study by relating to binary operation to see the gap between black and white society. The results of this study were the segregation between black and white people in terms of the treatment, power, and superiority that in the end, it  resulted that the black people are being treated different and has no right for freedom. The American Hunger is described in the novel through some events that go in the opposite between black and white people. The tention between them revealed from the different treatment, oppression, discrimination, superiority, and hunger that the black and white people or society experienced. The dominance and the power of the white people had harm the black people in some aspects in their life. Second, American Hunger that was described in the novel was regarded as the desire of the black people when they were living side by side with the white people in America. When the discrimination, segregation, and oppression occurs toward the black people, they satisfied their American hunger by standing agaisnt racial oppression, strengthen the superiority, and against the hunger.   Keywords: American hunger; construction; discrimination; structuralism

scholarly journals Language and Colour of Skin: A Frantz Fanonian Cultural Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Sujoy Barman
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Study ◽  
Black People ◽  
Cultural Theory ◽  
Black Culture ◽  
Frantz Fanon ◽  
White People ◽  
Cultural Revival ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Cultural Subjectivity ◽  
Language Literature

This study is an extraction from the cultural theory of Frantz Fanon, who is regarded as the father of the theory of violence. In the Frantz Fanonian cultural study, discrimination is noticed on the basis of the colour of skin and the exercise of languages and literature, and these are the proposed areas and explained in this article. In the cultural study, for the indigenous background, the black people lead an absurd life in the white cultural society and as well as in the black cultural community in the presence of their white masters. The present study attempts to find out Fanon’s ideologies on the roles of languages, literature, and colour to explain the relation between black and white people and the cultural subjectivity and objectivity. It attempts to fill the gap of the neglected areas in the Frantz Fanonian study in the Manichean society. These neglected areas are the roles of language, literature, and skin colour for the cultural discrimination in the postcolonial cultural study. It also finds out the reasons behind abolishing the black culture at the presence of the white culture and recognising the issues for the black cultural revival after its abolishment in newly liberated countries. Submitted: 26 January 2021; Revised: 28 February 2021; Accepted: 9 April 2021

scholarly journals The Issues of Black Racial Stereotype and Race Relationship Used in The Transcript of Chris Rock's Standup Comedy Entitled Never Scared

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jehan Umar Rushadi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Black People ◽  
Racial Violence ◽  
White People ◽  
Racial Stereotype ◽  
American Black ◽  
Standup Comedy ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This research aims to answer how the issues of Black racial stereotype and race relationship are being used in the Chris Rock’s standup comedy entitled <em>Never Scared</em>. The issues of Black racial stereotype and race relationship are analyzed through the portrayal of living in US as Black people in the eyes of Chris Rock, an influential American Black comedian. This research is a descriptive qualitative research which uses Arthur Asa Berger’s techniques of comedy theory as an approach. As a result, this research finds that living in US as Black people is likely to be exposed by racial violence involving White people. The result also signifies how Black people are considered as inferior race in US society which then leads to the mentioning of racial discrimination towards Black people.

Invisible middle-class Black space: Asymmetrical person and space stereotyping at the race–class nexus

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Bonam ◽  
Caitlyn Yantis ◽  
Valerie Jones Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Black People ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Racial Stereotypes ◽  
Class Versus ◽  
White People ◽  
Racial Wealth Gap ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
Physical Spaces

In addition to racial stereotypes about people (e.g., Black people are poor), perceivers hold parallel racial stereotypes about physical spaces (e.g., Black spaces are impoverished; Bonam, Bergsieker, & Eberhardt, 2016). Three studies extend these findings, showing that (a) Whites describe Black space as impoverished and undesirable, but describe White space as affluent and desirable, and (b) this racially polarized stereotype content is heightened for spaces compared to people (Studies 1 & 2). Perceivers are accordingly more likely to racially stereotype spaces than people (Study 3). This asymmetry in racial stereotype application is exacerbated when targets are objectively middle class versus lower class, likely because Whites have more difficulty incorporating counterstereotypic information into perceptions of Black spaces—compared to perceptions of Black people, White people, and White spaces (Study 3). Finally, we provide and discuss evidence for potential consequences of invisible middle-class Black space, relating to residential segregation and the racial wealth gap.

Explaining Social Discrimination: Racism in Brazil and Xenophobia in Spain

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leoncio Camino ◽  
José Luis Álvaro ◽  
Ana Raquel R. Torres ◽  
Alicia Garrido ◽  
Thiago Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Black People ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Social Discrimination ◽  
White People ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Social Minorities ◽  
Open Question

AbstractThe present study investigates the arguments used by university students in order to explain social differences between social minorities and majorities. In Brazil, the issues investigated refer to White and Black people. In Spain, the reference is to native Spaniards and Moroccan immigrants. The participants were 144 Brazilians and 93 Spaniards, who answered a questionnaire composed of socio-demographic variables and one open question about the causes of social inequalities between Black and White people in Brazil and between autochthonous Spaniards and Moroccan Immigrants. A model is proposed to integrate the four discursive classes found using ALCESTE software. In Brazil, the strongest argument is based on the historical roots of the exploitation of Black people. In Spain, cultural differences are the main explanation for social inequalities.

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