scholarly journals Application of Empty Oil Palm Bunches as CMC to Prevent Loss Circulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Idham Khalid ◽  
Novia Rita ◽  
Muhammad Efras
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Mud Cake ◽  
Suitable Technique

Drilling is an activity carried out to obtain the desired target. Furthermore, drilling mud a very significant material involved in the drilling process, and must, therefore, obtain a rational value from the rheology. A suitable technique to achieve this goal is the use of additives, for instance, Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) to improve the viscosity and air binding. This study, therefore, uses CMC produced from organic oil palm bunches as an alternative for industrial CMC. CMC of Oil Palm Empty Bunches have been tested by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) to determine its composition. The Empty Oil Palm Oil which uses Tenera type was taken from Riau Province, Rokan Hulu Regency, Kunto Darussalam District. In this study, this experiment used CMC Empty Oil Palm and industrial CMC to find the value of viscosity, plastic thickness, melting point, gel strength, mud cake, and filtering volume of drilling mud and prevent the loss circulation with adding each CMC composition to mud samples with amount of 2 gr, 4 gr, 6 gr, 8 gr and 10 gr. According to the EDS analysis, the Carbon (C) and Oxygen (O) content of CMC from empty oil palm bunches were 58.85% and 41.15%, respectively. In addition, the industrial standard for plastic viscosity and yield point were not attained by using 8 gr and 10 gr of this CMC.

scholarly journals Analisis Rheologi Lumpur Lignosulfonat dengan Penambahan LCM Berbahan Serbuk Gergaji, Batok, dan Sekam Berbagai Temperatur

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Ryan Raharja ◽  
Sugiatmo Kasmungin ◽  
Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Mud Cake ◽  
High Temperature Condition ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Filtrate Loss ◽  
Coconut Shells ◽  
Mud Loss

<p><em>Kehilangan sirkulasi lumpur merupakan kejadian </em>yang sering terjadi dalam proses pemboran. Hilang lumpur yang terjadi bisa saja sebagian dari lumpur pemboran dan bahkan kehilangan lumpur pemboran secara total. Pada percobaan ini kehilangan lumpur pemboran akan diteliti dalam skala laboratorium. Dengan penambahan LCM diharapkan berguna untuk menanggulangi hilangnya lumpur tersebut. Dengan mencoba mengalirkan lumpur pada media berpori yang telah ditentukan, kehilangan lumpur akan dilihat dari seberapa besar lumpur yang hilang dalam skala laboratorium yang dibuat. Kemudian lumpur yang dibuat ditambahkan LCM berupa serbuk gergaji, batok kelapa dan sekam padi dan diteliti seberapa besar pengaruh LCM dalam mengurangi kehilangan lumpur tersebut. Campuran macam LCM lumpur tersebut juga diuji pengaruhnya terhadap beberapa tingkatan temperatur antara lain temperatur 80<sup>o</sup>F, 190<sup>o</sup>F dan 300<sup>o</sup>F, tentunya hal ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan nilai <em>sealing </em>yang baik pada masing-masing LCM jika berada pada keadaan temperatur yang tinggi yang dikondisikan dengan kondisi sumur sebenarnya. Percobaan ini juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui <em>filtrate loss</em> yang terjadi pada berbagai macam campuran lumpur dengan LCM tersebut. Ketebalan <em>mud cake</em> yang terbentuk dalam pengukuran kehilangan filtrat juga diamati seberapa besar mud cake yang dihasilkan. Dan setelah itu reologi dari masing-masing lumpur tersebut juga diukur untuk menyimpulkan hasilnya. </p><p><em>Loss of mud circulation is an event that often occurs in the drilling process. The loss of mud that occurred could have been partly from drilling mud and even total drilling mud loss. In this experiment, drilling mud losses will be investigated on a laboratory scale. With the addition of LCM, it is hoped that this will be useful to overcome the loss of mud. By trying to flow sludge in a predetermined porous media, sludge loss will be seen from how much sludge is lost on a laboratory scale created. Then the LCM sludge was added in the form of sawdust, coconut shells and rice husks and examined how much influence the LCM had in reducing the sludge loss. The mixture of LCM sludge is also tested for its effect on several temperature levels including 80oF, 190oF and 300oF, of course this is done to get a good sealing value in each LCM if it is in a high temperature condition which is conditioned to actual well conditions. This experiment was also conducted to determine the filtrate loss that occurs in various slurry mixtures with the LCM. The thickness of the mud cake formed in the measurement of filtrate loss was also observed how much the mud cake was produced. And after that the rheology of each mud is also measured to conclude the results.</em></p>

scholarly journals Jenis Mineral Lempung Endapan Kuarter Pantai Semarang Jawa Tengah dan Potensinya sebagai Lumpur Pemboran

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sugeng Widada ◽  
Hanna Afifah ◽  
Salatun Said ◽  
Hendaryono Hendaryono
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Yield Point ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Mud Cake ◽  
Filtration Loss ◽  
Scanning Electron

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik litologi endapan Kuater Pantai Semarang yang meliputi komposisi mineralogi, distribusi serta potensinya sebagai bahan lumpur bor. Komposisi mineralogi ditentukan dengan menggunakan scanning electron microscope (SEM). Untuk mengetahui potensi sebagai lumpur bor ditentukan berdasarkan uji <em>rheology</em> dan <em>filtration loss.</em> Dari hasil analisis menunjukkan sedimen Kuater Pantai Semarang didominasi oleh endapan lempung dengan sedikit lanau pasiran yang terbentuk oleh proses pengendapan secara suspensi. Secara mineralogis, jenis mineral lempung yang dijumpai di daerah telitian sangat bervariasi. Dari analisis SEM menunjukkan jenis mineral lempung yang dijumpai antara lain kaolinit, illit dan campuran montmorilonit- illit. Berdasarkan hasil uji <em>rheology </em>menunjukkan pembacaan <em>deal reading </em>600 RPM nilai yang dominan = 4, harga viskositas plastis = 1, nilai <em>yield point </em>= 2 dan nilai <em>gel strength </em>10 menit = 1. Berdasarkan uji <em>filtration loss </em>menunjukkan volume air yang keluar rata-rata 188 ml, tebal kerak lumpur rata-rata 0,65 cm dan pH = 8. Berdasarkan uji <em>rheology </em>dan <em>filtration loss</em> dapat disimpulkan bahwa mineral lempung di daerah telitian tidak memenuhi kualifikasi untuk dipergunakan sebagai lumpur pemboran.</p><p><em>The objectives of this study are to identify lithological characteristics of the Quaternary Sediments in the Semarang Coast including mineralogical composition, distribution and its potency as drilling mud. Mineralogical composition is determined using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The potency as drilling mud is identified based on rheology and filtration loss tests. Based on this study shows that this sediment is predominantly composed of clay-size material with minor sandy silt-size grain deposited by suspension process. Mineralogically, there are some clay mineral type in the study area based on SEM analysis, they are kaolinite, illite and mixed montomorillonite-illite.Based on rheology test showed that the value of deal reading 600 RPM = 4, plastic viscosity = 1, yield point = 1 and gel strength at 10 minute = 1. Based on filtration loss showed the average volume expelled water = 188 ml, the average thickness of mud cake = 0.65 cm and </em>pH<em> = 8. Based on rheology and filtration loss tests can be concluded that clay sediment in the study area can not be used as mud drilling material.</em></p>

Sistem Pakar Mendeteksi Penyakit Tanaman Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Metode Forward Chaining

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Dimas Satria ◽  
Poningsih Poningsih ◽  
Widodo Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Programming Languages ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Forward Chaining ◽  
Web Programming ◽  
Level Of Confidence

The purpose of this paper is to create an expert system to detect oil palm plant diseases in order to help farmers / companies in providing accurate information about the diseases of oil palm plants and how to overcome them and to help reduce the risk of decreasing palm oil production. This system is designed to mimic the expertise of an expert who is able to detect diseases that attack oil palm plants. The method used is forward chaining that is starting from a set of data and proving a fact by describing the level of confidence and uncertainty found in a hypothesis. The results of this study are to diagnose diseases of oil palm plants and their computerization using web programming languages.

The interaction of a manganese-oxidising bacterium as part of a biofilm growing on distribution pipe materials

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Murdoch ◽  
P.G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Pipe Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Large Clusters ◽  
Pipe Materials ◽  
Confocal Laser Microscope

The deposition of manganese within a biofilm growing on the surface of high-density polyethlene (HDPE) and polyvinychloride (PVC) was studied over a period of four months. The manganese rich water used in the study was inoculated with a manganese oxidising Pseudomonas spp. The level of Mn2+ in the water was monitored and was found to decrease as the biofilm formation increased. This was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis which showed the detection of manganese was dependent on the presence of a biofilm. After two months a 100% removal of Mn2+ was observed in all the flasks inoculated by the Pseudomonas spp. and manganese micro-nodules, the formation of which were reported in Murdoch and Smith (1999), were being formed in large clusters across the surfaces of both the HDPE and PVC. The manganese peak area from the EDS spectrum analysis of the micro-nodules was significantly larger than was measured in the biofilm when these micro-nodules were absent. The scanning confocal laser microscope (SCLM) images of three-week samples showed high bacterial activity around areas where manganese micro-nodules were starting to form on the pipe surface.

Melting and Crystallization of Poly(oxyethylene) Mixtures

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1855-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Lapeš ◽  
Josef Baldrian ◽  
Ján Biroš ◽  
Julius Pouchlý ◽  
Hanes Mio
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Lamellar Structure ◽  
Composition Dependence ◽  
Eutectic Phase ◽  
Eutectic Melting ◽  
Pure Polymer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Melting And Crystallization

Solid-liquid eutectic phase diagrams of mixtures of poly(oxyethylene) (M.w. 2 000) with hydroxy and methoxy endgroups, crystallizing in extended-chain macroconformation only, with glutaric acid, benzoic acid or 1,2-diphenylethane are given. The composition dependence of the melting temperature can be fitted by the Flory-Huggins equation. Interaction parameters X and interaction energy densities B evaluated from the diluent branch of the phase diagram are consistent with those obtained from the polymer branch provided the calorimetric value of enthalpy of polymer fusion is used in the latter computation. Measurements of small- and wide-angle X-ray scatterings showed a stacked lamellar structure of POE. Below the eutectic melting point, the long period of the polymer is almost independent of the diluent concentration. On raising temperature gradually from this melting point to the melting point of pure polymer, the increasing long period indicates the penetration of the diluent between the lamellae. As follows from SAXS measurements, the crystallinity of poly(oxyethylene) in the mixtures remains unchanged compared to that of the pure polymer.

scholarly journals Modular MA-XRF Scanner Development in the Multi-Analytical Characterisation of a 17th Century Azulejo from Portugal

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1913
Author(s):  
Sergio Augusto Barcellos Lins ◽  
Marta Manso ◽  
Pedro Augusto Barcellos Lins ◽  
Antonio Brunetti ◽  
Armida Sodo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulations ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Portable Instruments ◽  
Complementary Techniques ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Suitable Technique ◽  
Cobalt Blue

A modular X-ray scanning system was developed, to fill in the gap between portable instruments (with a limited analytical area) and mobile instruments (with large analytical areas, and sometimes bulky and difficult to transport). The scanner has been compared to a commercial tabletop instrument, by analysing a Portuguese tile (azulejo) from the 17th century. Complementary techniques were used to achieve a throughout characterisation of the sample in a complete non-destructive approach. The complexity of the acquired X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectra, due to inherent sample stratigraphy, has been resolved using Monte Carlo simulations, and Raman spectroscopy, as the most suitable technique to complement the analysis of azulejos colours, yielding satisfactory results. The colouring agents were identified as cobalt blue and a Zn-modified Naples-yellow. The stratigraphy of the area under study was partially modelled with Monte Carlo simulations. The scanners performance has been compared by evaluating the images outputs and the global spectrum.

Calcium Methoxide Synthesis from Quick Lime Using as Solid Catalyst in Refined Palm Oil Biodiesel Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 834-836 ◽  
pp. 550-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warakom Suwanthai ◽  
Vittaya Punsuvon ◽  
Pilanee Vaithanomsat
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Quick Lime ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Refined Palm Oil

In this research, calcium methoxide was synthesized as solid base catalyst from quick lime for biodiesel production. The catalyst was further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflection fourier transform (ATR-FTIR) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopies (EDX) to evaluate its performance. The transesterification of refined palm oil using calcium methoxide and the process parameters affecting the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content such as catalyst concentration, methanol:oil molar ratio and reaction time were investigated. The results showed that the FAME content at 97% was achieved within 3 h using 3 %wt catalyst loading, 12:1 methanol:oil molar ratio and 65 °C reaction temperature. The result of FAME suggested calcium methoxide was the promising solid catalyst for substitution of the conventional liquid catalyst.

scholarly journals Preparation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Hydrolysate

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Hironaga Akita ◽  
Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Shinji Fujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Glucose Content

Malaysia is the second largest palm oil producer and exporter globally. When crude palm oil is produced in both plantations and oil processing mills, a large amount of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is simultaneously produced as a waste product. Here, we describe the preparation of hydrolysate from OPEFB. After OPEFB was hydrothermally treated at 180–200 °C, the resultant liquid phase was subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, while the solid phase was used for acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis. Hemicellulose yield from the acid-treated solid phase decreased from 153 mg/g-OPEFB to 27.5 mg/g-OPEFB by increasing the hydrothermal treatment temperature from 180 to 200 °C. Glucose yield from the enzyme-treated solid phase obtained after hydrothermal treatment at 200 °C was the highest (234 ± 1.90 mg/g-OPEFB, 61.7% production efficiency). In contrast, xylose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose yields in the hydrolysate prepared from the solid phase hydrothermally treated at 200 °C were the lowest. Thus, we concluded that the optimum temperature for hydrothermal pretreatment was 200 °C, which was caused by the low hemicellulose yield. Based on these results, we have established an effective method for preparing OPEFB hydrolysates with high glucose content.

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