scholarly journals Functional and correlational relationship between indexes of the metabolic activity of neutrophils and α-defensins in animals of different age groups in the dynamics of acute somatic pain

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
В.В. Алексеев ◽  
А.Х. Каде
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pain ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Somatic Pain ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Antimicrobial Polypeptides

В последние годы все чаще встречаются штаммы микроорганизмов, устойчивые к антибиотикам. Необходим поиск новых средств, обеспечивающих надежный антибактериальный эффект. Актуальным является изучение антимикробных полипептидов. Возникает вопрос, α-дефензины активируются только при микробной атаке или существуют и иные триггеры их вовлечения в иммунологический процесс. Если исходить из того, что любая рана всегда болезненна, но не любая острая боль связана с внешним повреждением тканей, встает вопрос о возможности вовлечения нейтрофилов и α-дефензинов в долорогенный процесс как таковой. Цель работы - выявление кореляционной связи и особенностей вовлечения нейтрофилов и α-дефензинов в острый долорогенный процесс на этапах онтогенеза. Методика. Объект исследования - белые беспородные крысы 3 возрастных групп: месячные (30-35-дневные, n=36), взрослые половозрелые (2-3 месячные, n=36), старые (старше 1 года, n=36).). Каждая группа делилась на контрольную и экспериментальную подгруппы. В экспериментальных подгруппах моделировали острую соматическую боль методом электростимуляции. После болевого воздействия брали материал для исследования через 2, 30-60, 120-180 мин. Содержание α-дефензинов в сыворотке крови определяли методом иммуноферментного анализа. Для оценки микробицидной активности нейтрофилов использовали спонтанный и стимулированный НСТ - тест. Для оценки корреляционной связи между изучаемыми показателями применяли метод ранговой корреляции Спирмена. Результаты. Острая краткосрочная соматическая боль активирует кислородзависимые механизмы микробицидности нейтрофилов и приводит к увеличению уровня α-дефензинов в периферической крови. В онтогенезе реакция имеет свои особенности, но ее стандартный и непродолжительный характер очевидны. Установлена прямая корреляционная зависимость между функциональной активностью нейтрофилов и уровнем α-дефензинов в периферической крови у 30-35-дневных и 2-3-месячных животных. Заключение. Полученные данные имеют значение при разработке препаратов на основе α-дефензинов и их применении пациентами различного возраста при наличии в анамнезе острого болевого синдрома. Microorganism strains resistant to antibiotics have become more common. This fact prompts searching for new means that would provide a reliable antibacterial effect. Studying antimicrobial polypeptides is relevant. A question arises whether α-defensins are activated only during a microbial attack or there are other triggers for their involvement in the immunological process. Since any wound is always painful but acute pain is not always associated with an external injury, the question is whether neutrophils and α-defensins can be involved in the dolorogenic process as such. The aim of the study was to determine correlation and features of neutrophil and α-defensin involvement in an acute dolorogenic process at stages of ontogenesis. Methods. The study was performed on white rats divided into three age groups (30-35-day-old, 2-3-month-old, and older than one year). Each group was divided into control and experimental subgroups. In experimental subgroups, acute somatic pain was modeled by electrostimulation. Material was collected at 2, 30-60, and 120-180 min after electrostimulation. Serum content of α-defensins was measured by enzyme immunoassay. Neutrophil microbicidal activity was evaluated using the spontaneous and stimulated NBT tests. Values were compared using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test, and correlations were analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation test. Results. Acute short-term somatic pain activated oxygen-dependent mechanisms of neutrophil microbicidity and induced increased levels of α-defensins in peripheral blood. This reaction has specific features in ontogenesis but it is obviously standard and short-term. The functional activity of neutrophils was directly correlated with the level of α-defensins in peripheral blood of 30-35-day-old and 2-3-month-old animals. Conclusion. At stages of ontogenesis, oxygen-dependent neutrophil microbicidity and peripheral blood content of α-defensins increase in response to acute, short-term somatic pain. The type of response is determined by age-related features. The study results are important for development of α-defensin-based drugs and prescribing them to patients of different age with a history of acute pain.

Auditory comprehension and aging: Decline in syntactic processing

1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loraine K. Obler ◽  
Deborah Fein ◽  
Marjorie Nicholas ◽  
Martin L. Albert
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Syntactic Processing ◽  
Auditory Comprehension ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mental Control ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Neuropsychological Tasks

ABSTRACTComprehension of six syntactic structures was tested across four age groups. Each structure was presented with both plausible and implausible content. The contribution of cognitive nonlinguistic factors important for comprehension (attention, short-term memory, and mental control) was tested via standard neuropsychological tasks. Sixty-six women aged 30–79 were tested. Both errors and reaction times increased with age, especially for more complex syntactic types and implausible sentences. The neuropsychological factors tested contributed minimally to an age-related decline in comprehension, suggesting that the subtle breakdown seen in syntactic processing may be a language-specific impairment.

Age-related Utilization of Advanced Life Support Services

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Meador
Keyword(s):  
Life Support ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Advanced Life Support ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Related Case ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Age Related

AbstractPurpose:To investigate the relationship between age and Advanced Life Support (ALS) utilization.Population:All patients from 1 January 1987 to 31 December 1988 transported by ALS ambulances within Lebanon County, a rural/urban county of 112,000.Methods:All runs resulting in patient treatment by ALS personnel were tallied at five-year age intervals and sub-grouped by trauma- and non-trauma-related calls. Utilization rates for each age group were obtained by dividing the calls by the population of each group. Correlation with age was tested by Spearman's rank correlation. Treatment rates for age groups were calculated for the six most frequent medical etiologies. To illustrate the effect of age distributions, age rates were applied to projected state and national population distributions.Results:There was a significant correlation with age for all transports (p < .01; r=.93) and for those not related to trauma (p<.01; r=.98). Correlation was not detected for trauma-related responses (p>.10; r=.19). Non-trauma-related case incidence varied among age groups, ranging from 1.1/1,000 for age five through nine years to 89/1,000 for age 80–84 years. Congestive heart failure, cardiac ischemia, syncope, myocardial infarction, and cardiac arrest evidenced increased incidence with age. Seizure did not. Older populations had a higher projected utilization of ALS services than did the younger age groups.Conclusion:Non-trauma ALS utilization is highly dependent on the age of the patient. Due to projected aging of the population and increased utilization of ALS by the elderly, projected utilization will increase at a rate faster than will the population. Age:rate data can be combined with population projections to estimate future need.

scholarly journals DEFENSINS-a AT AN EARLY AGE IN RATS WITH ACUTE SOMATIC PAIN

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
I. M. Bykov ◽  
V. V. Alekseev
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Somatic Pain ◽  
White Mongrel

This article presents the results of studies on the reaction of α-defensins to acute somatic pain in newborn rats and in the early puberty period. Studies were carried out on white mongrel rats for three hours after pain exposure. The level of α-defensins was determined by enzyme immunoassay. During the experiments, a short-term increase in the level of α-defensins in newborns and rats in the early puberty period was revealed. At the same time, in animals of one month of age a two-phase, labile reaction of an increase in the level of α-defensins in peripheral blood occurs.

scholarly journals Morphometric study of the size of the postmortem human kidney

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Fatema Johora ◽  
Abu Sadat Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽  
Dilruba Siddiqua ◽  
Hasna Hena ◽  
Shamim Ara
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age Related Changes

Background: Changes in the size of the kidney are evident in humans, as age progresses. Objective: To see the age-related changes in the morphological dimensions of the kidney in a sample of the Bangladeshi population. Methods: This crosssectional study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from July 2008 to June 2009, based on a collection of 140 postmortem human kidneys collected from 70 unclaimed dead bodies from the morgue of the same institution. All the samples of kidney were divided into three age groups, including A (10-19 years), B (20-39 years) and C (40-59 years). The length, breadth and thickness of all the kidneys were measured by using a slide calipers and recorded. Data were expressed as mean±SD. For statistical analysis, independent sample t test and one way ANOVA was used. Results: The length of the right and left kidneys found were 8.72±0.25 cm and 9.28±0.12 cm; 9.73±0.35 cm and 10.31±0.41 cm; 9.68±0.21 cm and 10.24±0.06 cm in group A, B and C respectively. The breadth of the right and left kidneys found were 4.32±0.09 cm and 4.22±0.11 cm; 4.74±0.29 cm and 4.55±0.28 cm; 4.61±0.21 cm and 4.44±0.21 cm in group A, B and C respectively. The thickness of the right and left kidneys found were 2.84±0.10 cm and 2.64±0.05 cm; 3.31±0.16 cm and 3.11±0.10 cm; 3.17±0.07 cm and 3.11±0.10 cm in group A, B and C respectively. The mean length of the left kidneys was found significantly greater than that of the right , whereas the mean breadth and the thickness of the right kidneys were found greater than that of the left kidney in all age groups. Moreover, age related changes were significant in all dimensions (length, breadth and thickness) of the kidney when compared between group A & B and A & C. Conclusion: This study results concluded that the length of the left kidney was greater than that of the right, but the breadth and the thickness of the right kidney were greater than that of the left one in all age groups. In addition, age related changes in all dimensions (i.e. length, breadth and thickness) of the kidneys were evident in middle age versus young adult and older adult versus young adult. J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2020, December; 15(2): 61-67

scholarly journals Ageing and production of the cytokines in Chernobyl clean-up workers from Latvia

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Nataļja Kurjāne ◽  
Rūta Brūvere ◽  
Natālija Gabruševa ◽  
Elvīra Hagina ◽  
Tija Zvagule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
Tnf Α

Ageing and production of the cytokines in Chernobyl clean-up workers from Latvia Chronic low-grade inflammation with subsequent impairment of immune system function promotes the development of age-related diseases, such as cancers, degenerative and infection diseases. It is not yet clear, if exposure to ionising radiation accelerates the aging process. The aim of the present work was to estimate the production of several cytokines by peripheral blood cells of Latvia's Chernobyl clean-up workers depending on age. ELISA was employed to determine the plasma level of sIL-1β and sIL-6 as well as level of IL-4 and TNF-α spontaneous and 24h and 96h after in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) mitogens were determined in 40 Chernobyl clean-up workers 17 years after their work in Chernobyl and in 42 blood-donors without a history of occupational radiation exposure. The ability of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) to produce interferons (IFNs) was determined in 73 Chernobyl clean-up workers 15 years after the work in Chernobyl and in age-matched 63 blood-donors. IFNs were tested in whole blood cultures by standard virus cytopathic inhibition micromethod after their in vitro induction by Newcastle disease virus, phytohemagglutinin or double-stranded RNA. Individuals were divided into three age groups: age < 40, age 40-49 and age > 50. The ability of PBL to produce IFN was significantly decreased in all Chernobyl clean-up worker age groups in comparison with blood-donors (control groups). The incidence of good ability to produce IFN gradually decreased with age in the control group, but increased with age in aged-matched Chernobyl clean-up workers groups. The production TNF-α and IL-4 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as sIL-1β level in plasma showed no significant differences between all the examined age groups. The sIL-6 level was gradually increased with age in Chernobyl clean-up workers. Our results showed that the concentration of pro-inflammation cytokine sIL-6 in peripheral blood plasma, as well as the ability of PBL to produce IFNs, in Chernobyl clean-up workers from Latvia is age dependent.

scholarly journals Age-related Hemodynamic Effects of Long-term Use of Dexmedetomidine During NIV.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lerzan Doğan ◽  
Duygu Emine Güdük ◽  
İlkay Kısa Özdemir ◽  
Tuğçe Sarıkaya
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Hemodynamic Instability ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Ventricular Contractility ◽  
Hemodynamic Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group I ◽  
Study Results

Objective: Sedation in the intensive care unit plays a key role in patient management as it helps suppress agitation, increases tolerance to stress, and facilitates medical interventions, such as noninvasive ventilation (NIV) Our purpose was to determine the long-term hemodynamic effects of dexmedetomidine in elderly patients with acute respiratory failure who require NIV. Methods: We recorded the data concerning age, comorbidities, doses of dexmedetomidine, hemodynamic parameters, use of vasopressors and length of ICU stay, from the hospital electronic medical recor system Due to the possibility of causing hemodynamic instability in ICU, patients with reduced ventricular contractility, hypothermia, septic shock, endocrine pathologies and neurosurgery cases, were excluded from the study. Results: The patients were evaluated in four age groups: Group I: 18-39 years; Group II, 40-64 years; Group III, 65-80 years, and Group IV, aged >80 years The patients in group IV were found to be at a higher risk for a decrease in MAP following onset of dexmedetomidine treatment (p=0.005*). Notably, most of the vasoactive agents were used in patients over 85 years old (54.2%, p=0.005). With increasing age hypotension and vasopressor needs were found to exhibit a corresponding augmentation. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine meets requirements for sedation during NIV in the ICU. Even without loading dose the drug can induce hemodynamic instability, therefore close monitoring is necessary. In elderly, dexmedetomidine should be started at the lowest possible dose and slowly titrated according to the patient’s response.

Age Impacts the Local Immune Response to Tuberculin Skin Challenge in Mycobacterium Bovis BCG-vaccinated Baboons

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Marianna Scordo ◽  
Tucker J. Piergallini ◽  
Nicole D Reuter ◽  
Colwyn A. Headley ◽  
Vida L. Hodara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Abstract Background - Individuals over the age of 65 are highly susceptible to infectious diseases, which account for one-third of deaths in this age group. Vaccines are a primary tool to combat infection, yet they are less effective in the elderly population. While many groups have aimed to address this problem by studying vaccine-induced peripheral blood responses in the elderly, work from our lab and others demonstrate that immune responses to vaccination and infectious challenge may differ between tissue sites and the periphery. To improve health outcomes in our aged population, we must study vaccine responses in the tissue. Here we established an in vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity model of Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination and tuberculin skin test (TST) in adult and aged baboons. Vaccination generates BCG-specific immune cells that are recruited to the skin upon tuberculin challenge. We tested short-term recall responses (8 weeks post-vaccination) and long term recall responses (25 weeks post-vaccination) by performing skin punch biopsies around the site of tuberculin injection. In parallel, we determined BCG-induced responses in the peripheral blood of vaccinated animals. Results - In short term recall responses, we found increased oxidation and decreased production of immune proteins in aged baboon skin at the site of TST challenge, in comparison to adult skin. Differences between adult and aged animals normalized in the long term response to tuberculin. Phenotypic analysis of aged peripheral blood cells found several age-related changes in immune cell populations, independent of BCG vaccination, and no impairment in functional responses. Moreover, aged peripheral blood mononuclear cells had increased migration in vitro, suggesting that age-related changes in the tissue in vivo impairs aged immune recall responses to antigenic challenge. Conclusions - These findings highlight the impact of age-associated changes in the local tissue environment in memory recall responses, which may be more broadly applied to the study of other tissues. Moreover, these findings should be considered in future studies aimed at understanding and improving aging immune responses to vaccination and tissue challenge.

Fundamental Frequency Onset and Offset Behavior

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Robb ◽  
Allan B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Acoustic Consequence

Short-term changes in vowel fundamental frequency (F 0 ) immediately preceding (F 0 offset) and following (F 0 onset) production of voiceless obstruents were examined in groups of 4-year-olds, 8-year-olds, and 21-year-olds. Definitive patterns of laryngeal behavior were observed for each measure. F 0 was found to significantly lower at vowel offset across age groups, with no significant differences noted between groups, suggesting that F 0 offset is simply an acoustic consequence of producing a voiceless obstruent preceded by a vowel. The F 0 at vowel onset was high and significantly decreased thereafter. Age-related differences were identified for F 0 onset with 4-year-olds in that their F 0 rose to a lesser degree than that of adults. However, adult females demonstrated a greater change in both F 0 onset and F 0 offset behavior than adult males and children, suggesting that age-related differences in F 0 behavior are likely to be influenced by sex. The results are discussed with regard to the physiologic constraints of F 0 surrounding voiceless obstruent production in children and adults.

scholarly journals The effect of acute somatic pain on the killing activity of neutrophils in newborn rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
V.V. Alekseev ◽  
A.Kh. Kade
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pain ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Microbicidal Activity ◽  
Somatic Pain ◽  
Killing Activity ◽  
Reduction Test ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Nbt Reduction

The immune system is subject to all sorts of influences. Pain is one of them, accompanying an organism’s existence. It is essential to be aware of and account for age-related characteristics of the innate immunity in order to adequately assess their dynamics in ontogenesis. The literature is scarce on the changes to the killing activity of neutrophils occurring in newborns in response to acute pain. The aim of this study was to detect potential changes to the phagocytic activity of neutrophils in response to an algogenic stimulus in newborn rats. The experiments were carried out in 3-5-day-old rats. Two groups were formed: the control group and the main group, in which acute pain was modelled. Blood samples were collected 2, 30–60 and 120–180 minutes after exposure to the algogenic stimulus. The microbicidal activity of neutrophils was measured using a spectrophotometric modification of the spontaneous/stimulated nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test. The results were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. In the first hour following pain modeling, the stimulated NBT reduction test demonstrated an increase in the measured parameters from 71.5 to 87.4 a.u. (р < 0.001); the spontaneous NBT reduction test showed an increase from 50.7 to 58.6 a.u. (p < 0.01) 30 to 60 min after exposure. The most pronounced change of the microbicidal activity coefficient was observed 2 min after pain modeling, increasing from 1.40 to 1.72 a.u (р < 0.001). By the end of the experiment, the measured parameters approximated their initial values. During the analysis, we accounted for the fact that the neutrophil response to the algogenic stimulus was unfolding in the setting of microbial colonization occurring in newborns.

scholarly journals The effect of age on visuo-spatial short-term memory in family dogs

2017 ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Piotti ◽  
Dóra Szabó ◽  
Lisa Wallis ◽  
Zsófia Bognár ◽  
Bianka Stiegmann Stiegmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Explicit Training ◽  
Short Time

Decline in the visuo-spatial memory domain may be an early marker for cognitive decline and has a relevant impact on animal welfare. Current research on visuo-spatial memory in family dogs is often limited byfactors such as the need of extensive pre-training, limited attention to co-occurring medical conditions, a focus on laboratory dogs, or low sample size. Therefore, we aimed to develop a test that relies on visuospatialshort-term memory, may be performed in a short time, and does not require explicit training. We tested a large sample of young and old dogs, finding that young dogs were more likely to perform correctly, although performance decreased with consecutive trials in both age groups. However, groups did not vary in the severity of mistakes. This task represents the first measure of dogs’ age-related decline of short-term spatial memory that does not require explicit training. The test could potentially be used in veterinary behaviour contexts to monitor cognitive changes in ageing dogs, utilizing a simple binary measure ofsuccess.

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