scholarly journals BRONZE AGE TEXTILE FROM THE CHESMENKA 3 KURGAN GROUP IN THE VORONEZHREGION: TECHNOLOGY, ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION AND RADIOCARBON CHRONOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.И. Шишлина ◽  
О.В. Орфинская ◽  
Д.В. Киселева ◽  
А.В. Сурков
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
86Sr Ratio ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
The North ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Wool Fibers ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology

Статья посвящена анализу сложного аксессуара, найденного в могильнике Чесменка 3, курган 2, погребение 4. Для изготовления многокомпонентного изделия использовались материалы разного происхождения: войлок, на который льняными нитями были пришиты пронизи, нанизанные на шерстяные нити. Радиоуглеродное датирование фрагмента льняной нити позволило отнести захоронение ранней покровской культуры к 1800–1700 гг. до н. э. Определение вариаций отношений стронция 87Sr/86Sr во фрагменте льняного шнура и сравнительный анализ с фоновыми «изотопными метками» указывают на возможные западные ареалы происхождения растительного сырья. Использование шерстяных нитей и войлока соотносится с хронологией и траекторией распространения шерстяного волокна и шерстяных тканей в начале II тыс. до н. э. из южных регионов Кавказа и прилегающей степи на север. The paper analyzes a composite accessory discovered in the Chesmenka 3 cemetery, kurgan 2, grave 4. Various materials were used to make the item. It consists of several components such as felt, tubular beads strung on wool threads and sewn onto the felt with a linen thread. Radiocarbon dating of linen thread fragment helped relate this grave to the early Pokrovka culture (1800–1700 BC). The variation in the 87Sr/86Sr ratio in the linen thread fragment and comparative analysis with the use of background «isotopic signatures» point to likely western areas of plant raw material sources. The use of wool fibers and woolen cloths correlates with the chronology and the distribution pattern of wool fibers and wool cloths in the early second millennium BC, i.e. from the southern areas of the Caucasus and the adjacent steppes to the north.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon dating of the bronze age bone pins from Eurasian steppe

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Shishlina ◽  
Johan Plicht ◽  
Elya Zazovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Eurasian Steppe ◽  
Culture Formation ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Bronze Age

AbstractBone catapult and hammer-headed pins played one of very specific roles in funerary offerings in the Bronze Age graves uncovered in the Eurasian Steppes and the North Caucasus. Scholars used different types of pins as key grave offerings for numerous chronological models. For the first time eight pins have been radiocarbon dated. 14C dating of bone pins identified the catapult type pin as the earliest one. They marked the period of the Yamnaya culture formation. Then Yamnaya population produced hammer-headed pins which became very popular in other cultural environments and spread very quickly across the Steppe and the Caucasus during 2900–2650 cal BC. But according to radiocarbon dating bone pins almost disappeared after 2600 cal BC.

scholarly journals Pottery of Early Iron Age from the Glinjeni II-La Șanț (North-Western Pontic Sea Region): Composition, Technology and Raw Material Sources

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 2853-2875
Author(s):  
Marianna A. Kulkova ◽  
Maya T. Kashuba ◽  
Aleksandr M. Kulkov ◽  
Maria N. Vetrova
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Ceramic Technology ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
Thin Section Analysis ◽  
North Western

Transition to the Early Iron Age was marked by the appearance of innovations such as iron technology and changes in the lifestyle of local societies on the territory of the North-Western Pontic Sea region. One of the most interesting sites of this period is the Glinjeni II-La Șanț fortified settlement, located in the Middle Dniester basin (Republic of Moldova). Materials of different cultural traditions belonged to the Cozia-Saharna culture (10th–9th cc. BC) and the Basarabi-Șoldănești culture (8th–beginning of 7th cc. BC) were found on this site. The article presents the results of a multidisciplinary approach to the study of ceramic sherds from these archaeological complexes and cultural layers as well as raw clay sources from this area. The archaeometry analysis, such as the XRF-WD, the thin section analysis, SEM-EDX of ceramics, m-CT of pottery were carried out. The study of ancient pottery through a set of mineralogical and geochemical analytic methods allowed us to obtain new results about ceramic technology in different chronological periods, ceramic paste recipes and firing conditions. Correlation of archaeological and archaeometry data of ceramics from the Glinjeni II-La Șanț site gives us the possibility to differ earlier and later chronological markers in the paste recipes of pottery of 10th–beginning of 7th cc. BC in the region of the Middle Dniester basin.

scholarly journals ‘The Wool Road’ of the Late Bronze Age: Cultural, Geographical, and Chronological Context

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Natal'ya Shishlina
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Wool Textile ◽  
South Siberia ◽  
The Bronze Age

Innovative technologies for new products and consumption, a secondary product revolution, have dramatically changed the course of the Bronze Age economic transformations. Changes included introduction of an innovative technology of wool production and it’s spread among the Northern Eurasia population during 3000–2000 BC. Sophisticated methods of studying the ancient wool textile obtained from the Bronze Age sites of Northern Eurasia, i.e. technological analyses, radiocarbon dating, and the identification of the isotope signature preserved in the wool textile, made it possible not only to discuss the time the wool fiber appeared in the Bronze Age textile production and to determine the cultural context and areas but also to discuss a new hypothesis on the formation of so called Wool Road in early 2nd millennium BC – a route that connected the foothills, forest-steppe, and forest regions of Eastern Europe in the West and South Siberia and China in the East. The discovery of wool textiles and their radiocarbon dating clearly defines the spread of the innovative textile strategies out of the Near East from the South to the North, then from the North Caucasus Piedmont areas from the West to the East. The author suggests that one of the ways the wool textile spread to west was from the southern steppe region of Eastern Europe via the Black Sea steppes.

scholarly journals To the question of raw material sources of mining and smelting centers of the Paleometal Epoch in Central Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Darkhan Aitzhanuly Baitileu ◽  
Maksim Nikolaevich Ankushev
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
Copper Deposits ◽  
Mineral Raw Materials ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Mining And Smelting

The subject of this research is the copper deposits, copper-ore resource, and sources of alloying raw materials for mining and smelting production of the Paleometal Epoch in Central Kazakhstan, namely within the Kazakhstan mining and smelting region and Zhezkazgan-Ulytau mining and smelting center. The article provides the interim results of comprehensive research of geoarchaeological production facilities in the territory of copper deposits within the Zhezkazgan-Ulytau mining and smelting center, which allow determining the peculiarities of metallogenic complexes that used to be potential objects of the development of copper-ore reserves during the establishment of copper metallurgy, as well as making a predictive assessment of mineral raw materials potential of the region. The initial premise of this research lies in the authors' pursuit to integrate natural scientific methods of research into the field of humanities to the maximum effect via studying smelting slags and ore relics from the ancient settlements of the region for the purpose of reconstructing the mining and smelting process of the Bronze Age in Central Kazakhstan. The authors offer the variants of localization of the mineral raw materials complex of Zhezkazgan-Ulytau mining and smelting center within the Kazakhstan mining and smelting region. Based on examination of the ores and smelting slags of Bronze Age settlements in Central Kazakhstan, the authors believe that the main copper raw materials in the Zhezkazgan-Ulytau region were the oxidized malachite-azurite and rich sulfide ores, as well as the zones of secondary sulfide enrichment of copper sandstones of the Zhezkazgan ore region. The conducted research allow to get closer to establishing patterns of localization of various types of copper deposits and development of copper-ore resources for mining and smelting production of Zhezkazgan-Ulytau region during the Paleometal Epoch.

Radiocarbon Chronology of the Ancient Settlement in the Golan Heights Area, Israel

Radiocarbon ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 625-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuta Michalska Nawrocka ◽  
Danuta Joanna Michczyńska ◽  
Anna Pazdur ◽  
Justyna Czernik
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
North West ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology ◽  
The Town

Carbonate binders from mortars and plasters as well as charcoal fragments sampled at the ancient settlement of Hippos (Sussita) have been subjected to radiocarbon dating by gas proportional counting (GPC) and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Hippos is situated on the east coast of the Sea of Galilee (32°46′N, 35°39′E) at the top of a hill in the Golan Heights area, Israel. According to historical-archaeological data, the town had functioned since the 3rd century BC until AD 749, when it eventually crumbled into ruins after an earthquake. The appropriate sample selection and preparation based on the results of petrographic observations permitted us to distinguish different phases involved in the expansion of the settlement. More than 200 samples were taken from the settlement and subjected to petrographic and chemical analyses. Of the 200 total samples, about 20 were selected for dating. Here, we present the first 10 results of 14C dating carried out for Hippos. The oldest sample dated thus far gave an age corresponding with the 2nd century BC to 1st century AD—probably indicating an old Roman temple, on the base of which the North-West church (NWC) was later erected. The next dates extend up to the 8th century AD, the age related to the last phase of settlement inhabitation. Research is continuing as new excavations take place.

Early Bronze Age Pits at Inchbelle Farm, Kirkintilloch, East Dunbartonshire

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL MASSER ◽  
ANN MacSWEEN
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
The North ◽  
Almost All

A group of four pits was excavated on a low gravel terrace above the floodplain of the River Kelvin to the north of Kirkintilloch, East Dunbartonshire (National Grid Reference NS 6677 7518). One pit contained sherds from four collared urns, while another contained fragments from a fifth collared urn. Radiocarbon dating suggests an 18th-16th century BC date for these features. Whereas almost all known collared urns accompany cremations, this was not the case with the material from Inchbelle Farm, and alternative reasons for the deposition of the pottery are discussed.

Technical Innovation in Processing of Flax Yarn Production in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula: The Spinning Bowl

Światowit ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
María Irene Ruiz de Haro
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Technical Innovation ◽  
The North ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Yarn Production ◽  
The One ◽  
North Western

In space, the Castreña culture was located in the north-western part of the Iberian Peninsula, whereas in time it stretched from the Late Bronze Age to the beginning of the Roman period. This study focuses specifically on the invention and use of the spinning bowl in the Castreña culture. Theoretical and conceptual tools will enable tackling this item with a rigid research methodology and help answer the question of why the invention of the spinning bowl and the innovations in processing of flax yarn production occurred, and how they were transmitted to other areas in the forms of innovation or technical loan. To explain its presence within the limits of this geography and chronology, the use of Linum usitatissimum L. is discussed. This specific raw material is closely related to the entire innovation process on the one hand, and on the other opens an avenue for research into its function within the technical chain of the creation of linen thread or yarn.

scholarly journals Trial excavation of a terrace-edge enclosure at North Mains, Strathallan, Perthshire

1991 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Gordon J Barclay ◽  
Myra Tolan-Smith ◽  
Coralie Mills ◽  
J Barber
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Outer Edge ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The North ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
First Millennium Bc

A small part of the terrace edge enclosure at North Mains was excavated to test the hypothesis that it was contemporary with one or other of the Neolithic/Early Bronze Age ceremonial monuments immediately to the north. Two cropmark ditches and an entrance through them were confirmed by excavation. The inner ditch was very steep sided; postholes were found on the inner edge of both ditches. Possible postholes were also noted on the outer edge of the outer ditch. Traces of a number of structures were located in the interior, including what may be the slight wall-trench of a circular house. The results of radiocarbon dating may suggest that the ditch was dug in the second millennium bc, while at least one of the structures in the interior was in use in the late first millennium bc. A comment on the radiocarbon dates is provided by John Barber (50--1). An appendix gives details of the `Identification of charcoal from North Mains' by Coralie Mills (52--3). Au

scholarly journals A Massive, Late Neolithic Pit Structure associated with Durrington Walls Henge

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Gaffney ◽  
Eamonn Baldwin ◽  
Martin Bates ◽  
C. Richard Bates ◽  
Christopher Gaffney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Geophysical Survey ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
The North ◽  
Surface Diameter ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Geophysical Anomalies ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

A series of massive geophysical anomalies, located south of the Durrington Walls henge monument, were identified during fluxgate gradiometer survey undertaken by the Stonehenge Hidden Landscapes Project (SHLP). Initially interpreted as dewponds, these data have been re-evaluated, along with information on similar features revealed by archaeological contractors undertaking survey and excavation to the north of the Durrington Walls henge. Analysis of the available data identified a total of 20 comparable features, which align within a series of arcs adjacent to Durrington Walls. Further geophysical survey, supported by mechanical coring, was undertaken on several geophysical anomalies to assess their nature, and to provide dating and environmental evidence. The results of fieldwork demonstrate that some of these features, at least, were massive, circular pits with a surface diameter of 20m or more and a depth of at least 5m. Struck flint and bone were recovered from primary silts and radiocarbon dating indicates a Late Neolithic date for the lower silts of one pit. The degree of similarity across the 20 features identified suggests that they could have formed part of a circuit of large pits around Durrington Walls, and this may also have incorporated the recently discovered Larkhill causewayed enclosure. The diameter of the circuit of pits exceeds 2km and there is some evidence that an intermittent, inner post alignment may have existed within the circuit of pits. One pit may provide evidence for a recut; suggesting that some of these features could have been maintained through to the Middle Bronze Age. Together, these features represent a unique group of features related to the henge at Durrington Walls, executed at a scale not previously recorded.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Dating of the Early Bronze Age Cemetery at Arano, Verona, Northern Italy

Radiocarbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 483-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erio Valzolgher ◽  
John Meadows ◽  
Paola Salzani ◽  
Luciano Salzani
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bayesian Modeling ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
The North

Seventeen of the 73 individuals buried in the Early Bronze Age (EBA) cemetery at Arano di Cellore di Illasi, near Verona, northern Italy, were radiocarbon dated by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Bayesian modeling of the calibrated dates suggests that the cemetery was probably used over several generations mainly within the first 2 centuries of the 2nd millennium cal BC. Burial activity was therefore mainly restricted to within the EBA I B/EBA I C of the north Italian Bronze Age chronology. An isolated burial, found ∼90 m northwest of the cemetery, may date to the same period.

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