A New Type of Sun Sensor for Micro-Satellite Based on Bionic Compound Eye

The retina of Dytiscus is tiered, with proximal and distal layers of receptors at different levels. Photoreceptor units of the proximal retina of the eye of Dytiscus have fields of view so wide that light entering by any facet is able to excite a receptor belonging virtually to any ommatidium in the light- or dark-adapted eye. Although the distal rhabdomeres may have small fields of view, the proximal retina is clearly not adapted for perception of form or movement. The sensitivity of proximal retinula units is compatible with the observations that light passing through many facets sums upon them and that their rhabdomeres are relatively large and jointly occupy the whole cross-sectional area of the eye. The lack of polarized light sensitivity of the proximal retinula units can be attributed to electrical coupling between cells with tubules oriented in different directions within each ommatidium.

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Design and Fabrication of an Artificial Compound Eye for Multi-Spectral Imaging

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi10030208 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 208 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Axiu Cao ◽

Hui Pang ◽

Man Zhang ◽

Lifang Shi ◽

Qiling Deng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compound Eye ◽

Imaging System ◽

Focal Length ◽

Spectral Imaging ◽

Beam Splitting ◽

Gas Leakage ◽

Axial Movement ◽

New Type ◽

Spectral Splitting ◽

532 Nm

The artificial compound eye (ACE) structure is a new type of miniaturized, lightweight and intelligent imaging system. This paper has proposed to design a multi-spectral ACE structure to enable the structure to achieve multi-spectral information on the basis of imaging. The sub-eyes in the compound eye structure have been designed as diffractive beam splitting lenses with the same focal length of 20 mm, but with the different designed center wavelengths of 650 nm, 532 nm, and 445 nm, respectively. The proximity exposure lithography and reactive ion etching process were used to prepare the designed multi-spectral ACE structure, and the spectral splitting and multi-spectral imaging experiments were carried out to verify the multi-spectral imaging function of the structure without axial movement. Furthermore, the structure can be designed according to actual requirements, which can be applied to covert reconnaissance, camouflage identification, gas leakage or other fields.

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XXV.—Note on a new type of compound eye

Annals and Magazine of Natural History ◽

10.1080/00222938709460041 ◽

1887 ◽

Vol 20 (117) ◽

pp. 233-236

Author(s):

F.E. Beddard

Keyword(s):

Compound Eye ◽

New Type

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The Design of a Micro Self-Powered Wireless Analog Sun Sensor

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.562-565.387 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 562-565 ◽

pp. 387-393

Author(s):

Gao Fei Zhang ◽

Hui Wang ◽

Zheng You

Keyword(s):

Data Transmission ◽

The Sun ◽

Wireless Data ◽

Sun Sensor ◽

Wireless Data Transmission ◽

New Type ◽

Self Powered ◽

Bottom Cover ◽

The Impact ◽

Processing Circuit

This paper presents a new type of micro self-powered wireless analog sun sensor. The mask with aperture of the sun sensor, developed by glass coated process, reduces the impact on accuracy caused by second reflection of the light, and also promotes system’s external thermal radiation ability. With aluminum substrate process, the processing circuit is integrated on the bottom cover of the sun sensor, which saves the conventional processing circuit needed space and reduces the complexity of system’s structure. Self-powered and wireless data transmission improve the system’s application flexibility. The simulation results and preliminary experiments show that the accuracy of the system has the ability to reach 0.2° in the whole 120°×120° FOV and the solar cells’ minimum output power is 90mW which is able to meet the power consumption requirements of the system circuits.

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Terminations of photoreceptor axons from different regions of the compound eye of the desert ant Cataglyphis bicolor

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.1986.0040 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 228 (1250) ◽

pp. 59-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Compound Eye ◽

Second Order ◽

The Other ◽

Regional Specialization ◽

Desert Ant ◽

Monopolar Cell ◽

New Type ◽

Dorsal Retina ◽

Cataglyphis Bicolor

The morphology of the photoreceptors from different regions of the desert an t’s compound eye is investigated by Golgi-impregnations and anterograde or retrograde haem peptide filling, combined with electron microscopy. A new type of receptor axon is described. This receptor is of the short (svf) type but terminates in the proximal layer of the lamina (epl-C), in contrast to the other short visual fibres, which terminate in the distal layer (epl-A) : Golgi-EM investigations show that this receptor axon belongs to the small photoreceptor R9. The receptor R9 appears to be pre- and postsynaptic to other receptor axons and to second order neurons. In each ommatidium, the axons of the two long photoreceptors (lvf) R1 and R5 (probably uv-receptors) remain paired down to their terminations in the distal layer of the medulla. The regional specialization of the retina (dorsal rim area (dra), dorsal retina (dr) and ventral retina (vr)) is reflected by the morphology of the receptor terminals and the second order neurons. The lamina underlying the dra consists of only one layer, an extended epl-A; in the remainder of the eye, the lamina is trilateral. In the dra all short visual fibres (svf) are equal in length. The extension of the monopolar cell dendrites is restricted to one cartridge only. In the medulla, the terminals of the lvfs deriving from the dra (R1 and R5) have more extensive arborizations than elsewhere in the eye.

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The Microstructure of Shock-Synthesized Diamond

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010006163x ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 324-325

Author(s):

Lucien F. Trueb

Keyword(s):

Single Crystals ◽

Preferred Orientation ◽

High Magnification ◽

Texture Pattern ◽

Shock Process ◽

New Type ◽

Diffraction Diagram

A new type of synthetic industrial diamond formed by an explosive shock process has been recently developed by the Du Pont Company. This material consists of a mixture of two basically different forms, as shown in Figure 1: relatively flat and compact aggregates of acicular crystallites, and single crystals in the form of irregular polyhedra with straight edges.Figure 2 is a high magnification micrograph typical for the fibrous aggregates; it shows that they are composed of bundles of crystallites 0.05-0.3 μ long and 0.02 μ. wide. The selected area diffraction diagram (insert in Figure 2) consists of a weak polycrystalline ring pattern and a strong texture pattern with arc reflections. The latter results from crystals having preferred orientation, which shows that in a given particle most fibrils have a similar orientation.

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Computer Reconstruction of the Cellular Architecture of the Daphnia Magna Optic Ganglion

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100115043 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 284-285

Author(s):

E. R. Macagno ◽

C. Levinthal

Keyword(s):

Daphnia Magna ◽

Genetic Background ◽

Compound Eye ◽

Synaptic Connectivity ◽

Serial Sections ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Small Crustacean ◽

Optic Ganglion ◽

Structural Invariance ◽

High Degree

The optic ganglion of Daphnia Magna, a small crustacean that reproduces parthenogenetically contains about three hundred neurons: 110 neurons in the Lamina or anterior region and about 190 neurons in the Medulla or posterior region. The ganglion lies in the midplane of the organism and shows a high degree of left-right symmetry in its structures. The Lamina neurons form the first projection of the visual output from 176 retinula cells in the compound eye. In order to answer questions about structural invariance under constant genetic background, we have begun to reconstruct in detail the morphology and synaptic connectivity of various neurons in this ganglion from electron micrographs of serial sections (1). The ganglion is sectioned in a dorso-ventra1 direction so as to minimize the cross-sectional area photographed in each section. This area is about 60 μm x 120 μm, and hence most of the ganglion fit in a single 70 mm micrograph at the lowest magnification (685x) available on our Zeiss EM9-S.

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New type electron gun with electrostatic and electromagnetic lenses

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100107459 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 62-63

Author(s):

T. Ichinokawa ◽

H. Maeda

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Electron Beam ◽

Optimum Condition ◽

Bias Voltage ◽

Electron Gun ◽

Charge Effect ◽

Micro Fabrication ◽

Maximum Brightness ◽

New Type ◽

The Ideal

I. IntroductionThermionic electron gun with the Wehnelt grid is popularly used in the electron microscopy and electron beam micro-fabrication. It is well known that this gun could get the ideal brightness caluculated from the Lengumier and Richardson equations under the optimum condition. However, the design and ajustment to the optimum condition is not so easy. The gun has following properties with respect to the Wehnelt bias; (1) The maximum brightness is got only in the optimum bias. (2) In the larger bias than the optimum, the brightness decreases with increasing the bias voltage on account of the space charge effect. (3) In the smaller bias than the optimum, the brightness decreases with bias voltage on account of spreading of the cross over spot due to the aberrations of the electrostatic immersion lens.In the present experiment, a new type electron gun with the electrostatic and electromagnetic lens is designed, and its properties are examined experimentally.

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A new type of defect structure in 124-superconducting oxide revealed by HREM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100089779 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 1092-1093

Author(s):

R. Sharma ◽

B.L. Ramakrishna ◽

N.N. Thadhani ◽

D. Hianes ◽

Z. Iqbal

Keyword(s):

Shock Wave ◽

Defect Structure ◽

Neutron Radiation ◽

Weak Links ◽

Defect Structures ◽

New Materials ◽

New Type ◽

Current Densities ◽

Processing Techniques ◽

Microstructural Studies

After materials with superconducting temperatures higher than liquid nitrogen have been prepared, more emphasis has been on increasing the current densities (Jc) of high Tc superconductors than finding new materials with higher transition temperatures. Different processing techniques i.e thin films, shock wave processing, neutron radiation etc. have been applied in order to increase Jc. Microstructural studies of compounds thus prepared have shown either a decrease in gram boundaries that act as weak-links or increase in defect structure that act as flux-pinning centers. We have studied shock wave synthesized Tl-Ba-Cu-O and shock wave processed Y-123 superconductors with somewhat different properties compared to those prepared by solid-state reaction. Here we report the defect structures observed in the shock-processed Y-124 superconductors.

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