BMI demonstrates poor validity against reference measures of proportional and central adiposity for classifying UK firefighter adiposity status

Although specific pathogenic entities contributing to diabetic risk, such as central adiposity, ectopic fat accumulation, hyperlipidaemia and inflammation, are well-characterized, the response of cellular systems to such insults are less well understood. This short review highlights the effect of increasing fat mass on ectopic fat accumulation, the role of triacylglycerols (triglycerides) in Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease pathogenesis, and selected current therapeutic strategies used to ameliorate these risk factors.

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Differences in Rates of Obesity and Central Adiposity in Us Adolescents by Participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

Journal of the American Dietetic Association ◽

10.1016/j.jada.2009.06.331 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 109 (9) ◽

pp. A97

Author(s):

D.H. Holben ◽

B. Shirk ◽

Y. Wang ◽

C.A. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ◽

Central Adiposity ◽

Supplemental Nutrition ◽

Assistance Program ◽

Nutrition Assistance

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Relationship of the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenoceptor gene to central adiposity and high blood pressure: interaction with age. Cross-sectional and longitudinal findings of the Olivetti Prospective Heart Study

Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1097/00004872-200103000-00007 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 399-406 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Pasquale Strazzullo ◽

Roberto Iacone ◽

Alfonso Siani ◽

Francesco P. Cappuccio ◽

Ornella Russo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Central Adiposity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Trp64arg Polymorphism ◽

Heart Study ◽

Interaction With Age ◽

Relationship Of

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Calcium supplementation reverts central adiposity, leptin, and insulin resistance in adult offspring programed by neonatal nicotine exposure

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/joe-11-0172 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 210 (3) ◽

pp. 349-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

J L Nobre ◽

P C Lisboa ◽

A P Santos-Silva ◽

N S Lima ◽

A C Manhães ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Leptin Receptor ◽

Calcium Supplementation ◽

Dietary Calcium ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Adult Offspring ◽

Nicotine Exposure ◽

Central Adiposity ◽

Metabolism Regulation ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic. Calcium influences energy metabolism regulation, causing body weight loss. Because maternal nicotine exposure during lactation programs for obesity, hyperleptinemia, insulin resistance (IR), and hypothyroidism, we decided to evaluate the possible effect of dietary calcium supplementation on these endocrine dysfunctions in this experimental model. Osmotic minipumps containing nicotine solution (N: 6 mg/kg per day for 14 days) or saline (C) were s.c. implanted in lactating rats 2 days after giving birth (P2). At P120, N and C offspring were subdivided into four groups: 1) C – standard diet; 2) C with calcium supplementation (CCa, 10 g calcium carbonate/kg rat chow); 3) N – standard diet; and 4) N with calcium supplementation (NCa). Rats were killed at P180. As expected, N offspring showed higher visceral and total body fat, hyperleptinemia, lower hypothalamus leptin receptor (OB-R) content, hyperinsulinemia, and higher IR index. Also, higher tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression (+51%), catecholamine content (+37%), and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3(+76%) were observed in N offspring. Dietary calcium supplementation reversed adiposity, hyperleptinemia, OB-R underexpression, IR, TH overexpression, and vitamin D. However, this supplementation did not reverse hypothyroidism. In NCa offspring,Sirt1mRNA was lower in visceral fat (−37%) and higher in liver (+42%). In conclusion, dietary calcium supplementation seems to revert most of the metabolic syndrome parameters observed in adult offspring programed by maternal nicotine exposure during lactation. It is conceivable that the reduction in fat massper se, induced by calcium therapy, is the main mechanism that leads to the increment of insulin action.

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Concepts and Treatment Approaches in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Advances in Hepatology ◽

10.1155/2014/357965 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dina L. Halegoua-De Marzio ◽

Jonathan M. Fenkel

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

De Novo ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

De Novo Lipogenesis ◽

Central Adiposity ◽

Preventative Care ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects up to 30% of adults and is the most common liver disease in Western nations. NAFLD is associated with central adiposity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. It encompasses the entire spectrum of fatty liver diseases from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with lobular/portal inflammation, hepatocellular necrosis, and fibrosis. Of those who develop NASH, 15–25% will progress to end stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma over 10–20 years. Its pathogenesis is complex, and involves a state of lipid accumulation due to increased uptake of free fatty acids into the liver, impaired fatty acid beta oxidation, and increased incidence of de novo lipogenesis. Plasma aminotransferases and liver ultrasound are helpful in the diagnosis of NAFLD/NASH, but a liver biopsy is often required for definitive diagnosis. Many new plasma biomarkers and imaging techniques are now available that should improve the ability to diagnose NAFLD noninvasively Due to its complexity and extrahepatic complications, treatment of NAFLD requires a multidisciplinary approach with excellent preventative care, management, and treatment. This review will evaluate our current understanding of NAFLD, with a focus on existing therapeutic approaches and potential pharmacological developments.

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Abstract P011: Heart Failure and the Obesity Paradox Among Participants in the in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.127.suppl_12.ap011 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽

Author(s):

Raegan W Durant ◽

Todd M Brown ◽

Emily B Levitan ◽

Joshua S Richman ◽

Nicole Redmond ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Prior History ◽

Central Adiposity ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

History Of ◽

Regards Study

Background: Overweight and obese adults living with heart failure (HF) have lower mortality compared to those of normal weight. However, the specific relationships of overall weight status and central adiposity with mortality among those with HF are less well-defined. We examined the relationships among body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and mortality among patients hospitalized for HF in the REGARDS Study. Methods: REGARDS is a national cohort of US community-dwelling adults aged >45 recruited from 2003 to 2007. We measured all-cause mortality rates among 565 participants hospitalized with HF who were normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m 2 ), overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m 2 ), or obese (BMI > 30.0 kg/m 2 ) at baseline. Underweight participants (BMI < 18.5 kg/m 2 ) were excluded. Baseline WC, weight, and height were measured during an in-home exam. Index HF hospitalizations during follow-up were adjudicated by a panel of experts. Vital status was determined using the Social Security Death Index or the National Death Index. Cox proportional models estimated hazard ratios for all-cause mortality following the index HF hospitalization. Models were sequentially adjusted for WC, sociodemographics, HF severity (EF and BNP during HF hospitalization, prior history of HF, prior history of diastolic dysfunction), comorbidities, and health behaviors. Results: Among 565 participants hospitalized for HF, 116 (21%) were normal weight, 209 (37%) overweight, and 240 (42%) obese at baseline. Over a mean follow-up of 2.5 years, 253 deaths occurred. In multivariable analyses, overweight was associated with lower all-cause mortality in all models (Table). Each 1-cm increase in WC was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality, but the relationship was not statistically significant after health behaviors were added in the final model. . Conclusions: Among adults hospitalized for HF, overweight as assessed by BMI may be associated with lower risk for mortality. However, central adiposity may confer higher risk of mortality.

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