scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Rainfall Variability and its Prediction in Al-Qassim Region Using (1987-2017): التحليل المكاني والزماني لتباين التهاطل المطري والتنبؤ به في منطقة القصيم (2017-1987)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aljazy Khalid Alturki, Ahmad Abdullah Aldughairi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Seasonal Rainfall ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Systems Software ◽  
Distance Weighted ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Stability

This study aimed to analyze the indicators of spatial and temporal distribution of daily, monthly, and seasonal rainfall measurements. It is looking for the possibility of the stability or change of precipitation properties by using the data of the present. Also, it is working with the most important factors that effects on the rainfall, Moreover, many of some statistical methods applied in this study. Using inverted distance weighted Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method to generates rain interpolation surface that is tool approves in geographic information systems software. Rain is an important element of many economic activities. Therefore, the importance of predicting the spatial distribution of precipitation that is important from water rain resources. This study presents an analysis of spatiotemporal variation of the daily, monthly and seasonal rainfall in Qassim region, based on data seven weather stations, that is including, Buraidah, Unaizah, Al Rasa, and the General Authority for Meteorology and Environmental Protection, also Prince Nayef Airport Station between (2017-1987) which period included 31 years for the accuracy of the results. The study reached to several recommendations that can be used in geographical fields, whether environmental or human, which are related to water resources and torrents, rainwater drainage projects and urban areas to avoid disasters.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Analysis of PM10 in Southern Peninsular Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.9) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Mohamad Saiful Mohamad Khir ◽  
Khalida Muda ◽  
Norelyza Hussein ◽  
Mohd Faisal Abdul Khanan ◽  
Mohd Nor Othman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Pollutant Dispersion ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Inverse Distance Weighted ◽  
Distance Weighted ◽  
Haze Episode ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Inverse Distance

In this study, the particulate matter with diameter less than 10 micrometers (PM10) is being observed. Other factors that influenced the pollutant dispersion are also being studied prior to identification of their relationship. The aim of this study is to identify the trend of PM10 concentrations in the Southern Peninsular of Malaysia during the period 2005 to 2015 by using spatio-temporal analysis in regards to air pollution. The inverse distance weighted (IDW) is used for the spatio interpolation data and mapping. The trends of the PM10 concentration are illustrated via map which indicates the affected and vulnerable area of Southern Peninsular Malaysia especially during Haze episode.  

scholarly journals Patterns of Urban Violent Injury: A Spatio-Temporal Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Cusimano ◽  
Sean P. Marshall ◽  
Claus Rinner ◽  
Depeng Jiang ◽  
Mary L. Chipman
Keyword(s):  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Homeless Shelters ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Violent Injury ◽  
Systems Software ◽  
Choropleth Maps ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Objectives: Injury related to violent acts is a problem in every society. Although some authors have examined the geography of violent crime, few have focused on the spatio-temporal patterns of violent injury and none have used an ambulance dataset to explore the spatial characteristics of injury. The purpose of this study was to describe the combined spatial and temporal characteristics of violent injury in a large urban centre. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using a geomatics framework and geographic information systems software, we studied 4,587 ambulance dispatches and 10,693 emergency room admissions for violent injury occurrences among adults (aged 18-64) in Toronto, Canada, during 2002-2004, using population-based datasets. We created kernel density and choropleth maps for 24-hour periods and four-hour daily time periods and compared location of ambulance dispatches and patient residences with local land use and socioeconomic characteristics. We used multivariate regressions to control for confounding factors. We found the locations of violent injury and the residence locations of those injured were both closely related to each other and clearly clustered in certain parts of the city characterised by high numbers of bars, social housing units, and homeless shelters, as well as lower household incomes. The night and early morning showed a distinctive peak in injuries and a shift in the location of injuries to a "nightlife" district. The locational pattern of patient residences remained unchanged during those times. Conclusions/Significance: Our results demonstrate that there is a distinctive spatio-temporal pattern in violent injury reflected in the ambulance data. People injured in this urban centre more commonly live in areas of social deprivation. During the day, locations of injury and locations of residences are similar. however, later at night, the injury location of highest density shifts to a "nightlife" district, whereas the residence locations of those most at risk of injury do not change.

Analysis of the Influence of Properties Management in the Region on the Transaction Prices Level of Unbuilt Land Properties – Case Study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Mika ◽  
Monika Siejka ◽  
Przemysław Len
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Market ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Transaction Prices ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Real Estate Management

This article presents the results of analysis of the influence of selected economic, legal and environmental factors on the level of transaction prices of unbuilt land properties, in two randomly selected districts of the southern Poland. The results of the research allowed extraction of a group of factors influencing the spatial distribution of the average prices of the surveyed properties. They gave also the answer to the question about the extent to which the unit prices are confirmed by the state of properties management in the region. An analysis of the existing state in the selected region based on the analysis of the local market was performed. Furthermore, the conformity of local plans for the studied areas was examined, as well as an analysis of spatio-temporal distribution of transaction prices of real estate was performed. The research has shown that the level of transaction prices on the local real estate markets is related to the real estate management of the surveyed areas. The state of the economy is affected by many factors, most important of which seems to be the location in relation to urban areas and the condition of the access roads. The undertaken tests correspond with the directions of the world research.

Interfacial Interactions

2010 ◽  
pp. 128-177
Author(s):  
Wei Ge ◽  
Ning Yang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jinghai Li
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Gravitational Potential Energy ◽  
Immersed Boundary ◽  
Immersed Boundary Methods ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Mesoscale Structures ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Drag Models ◽  
The Stability

The drag interaction between gas and solids not only acts as a driving force for solids in gas-solids flows but also plays as a major role in the dissipation of the energy due to drag losses. This leads to enormous complexities as these drag terms are highly non-linear and multiscale in nature because of the variations in solids spatio-temporal distribution. This chapter provides an overview of this important aspect of the hydrodynamic interactions between the gas and solids and the role of spatio-temporal heterogeneities on the quantification of this drag force. In particular, a model is presented which introduces a mesoscale description into two-fluid models for gas-solids flows. This description is formulated in terms of the stability of gas-solids suspension. The stability condition is, in turn, posed as a minimization problem where the competing factors are the energy consumption required to suspend and transport the solids and their gravitational potential energy. However, the lack of scale-separation leads to many uncertainties in quantifying mesoscale structures. The authors have incorporated this model into computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations which have shown improvements over traditional drag models. Fully resolved simulations, such as those mentioned in this chapter and the subject of a later chapter on Immersed Boundary Methods, can be used to obtain additional information about these mesoscale structures. This can be used to formulate better constitutive equations for continuum models.

Explosive violence: A near-repeat study of hand grenade detonations and shootings in urban Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joakim Sturup ◽  
Manne Gerell ◽  
Amir Rostami
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Repeat Analysis ◽  
Disadvantaged Neighbourhoods ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
Near Repeat ◽  
Forms Of Violence ◽  
Observation Period

Hand grenade attacks have increasingly been reported in Sweden. However, to date no research on the topic exists. The present study aims to describe the illegal use of hand grenades and to test its spatio-temporal relationship with gun violence to explore whether the two forms of violence are connected. Data were collected for the years 2011 to 2016 from the Swedish police and from open sources about hand grenade detonations, which were considered alongside shootings as two types of violence commonly attributed to criminal groups. Descriptive data and trends are presented and spatio-temporal analysis of near-repeat patterns was performed using a near-repeat calculator. All in all, there were 77 incidents of detonated hand grenades in Sweden during the six-year observation period, in which nine individuals were injured and one killed. The number of incidents increased, with about half of the them occurring during the last year. A near-repeat analysis was performed on shootings ( N = 1048) and hand grenades ( N = 55) in Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö. The shootings exhibit a strong component of near-repeat patterns, but adding hand grenades to the analysis did not strengthen the patterns, suggesting that the two types of violence only partially share spatio-temporal patterns. The study confirms an increase in the use of hand grenades in Sweden, although the reason for the increase is unknown. The increase does fit with the overall changing pattern in violence in urban areas in Sweden, which broadly tends to be attributed to criminal groups in disadvantaged neighbourhoods.

Spatio-temporal analysis and estimation of rainfall variability in and around upper Godavari River basin, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sainath Aher ◽  
Sambhaji Shinde ◽  
Praveen Gawali ◽  
Pragati Deshmukh ◽  
Lakshmi B. Venkata
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Godavari River ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Assessing the potential of using telecommunication microwave links in urban drainage modelling

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1810-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fencl ◽  
J. Rieckermann ◽  
M. Schleiss ◽  
D. Stránský ◽  
V. Bareš
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Flow Prediction ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The ability to predict the runoff response of an urban catchment to rainfall is crucial for managing drainage systems effectively and controlling discharges from urban areas. In this paper we assess the potential of commercial microwave links (MWL) to capture the spatio-temporal rainfall dynamics and thus improve urban rainfall-runoff modelling. Specifically, we perform numerical experiments with virtual rainfall fields and compare the results of MWL rainfall reconstructions to those of rain gauge (RG) observations. In a case study, we are able to show that MWL networks in urban areas are sufficiently dense to provide good information on spatio-temporal rainfall variability and can thus considerably improve pipe flow prediction, even in small subcatchments. In addition, the better spatial coverage also improves the control of discharges from urban areas. This is especially beneficial for heavy rainfall, which usually has a high spatial variability that cannot be accurately captured by RG point measurements.

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