scholarly journals Imprisonment of the Debtor in the Jordanian Implementation Law in Comparison to Islamic Jurisprudence and International Covenants: حبس المدين في قانون التنفيذ الأردني مقارناً بالفقه الإسلامي والمواثيق الدولية

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hamed Mohamed Al- Amayrah
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Civil And Political Rights ◽  
International Conventions

  The study deals with the provisions of the debtor's imprisonment in the Jordanian This study deals with the provisions of imprisonment of the debtor in the Jordanian Execution Law No. 25 of 2017 and its amendments, in comparison to the Islamic jurisprudence and international covenants. The main problem is the extent to which the debtor may be imprisoned in the Jordanian Execution Law compared to Islamic jurisprudence and international covenants. Analytical approach as it fits in with this study and its nature by interpreting the texts and legal articles in the Jordanian implementation law, Islamic jurisprudence and international conventions and analyzing them in order to deduce the legal and jurisprudential purpose. Hence, the researcher took the approach of comparing the texts R and theories between the Jordanian law and Islamic jurisprudence with international covenants'. At the end of the study, the researcher found that imprisonment has been used in modern terms since it was analyzed by the scholars of Islamic law until it reached the legislative texts in the jurisprudential magazine, which is based on the Jordanian law, as a result of the positive achievements that contributed to the preservation of the rights of individuals (creditors). And that the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights only provided for debts arising from contractual relations only, without the other sources of obligation addressed by domestic laws and Islamic jurisprudence. The researcher reached a number of conclusions and recommendations. The most important of these results was that the imprisonment of the debtor is an act of compulsion and pressure rather than an end to imprisonment as a punishment, aimed at restricting the debtor to fulfill his obligations to the creditor. Freedoms The legislator has put in place a legal regulation concerning the imprisonment of the debtor surrounded by a number of provisions to prevent abuse by the creditor in order to collect the creditor's money from the debtor. One of the most important recommendations reached by the researcher, The researcher hopes relevant international organizations and organizations to better understand the subject of the debtor's imprisonment, understanding the purpose, objectives and manner of the debtor, and understanding the principle that this detention was initiated after balancing the rights of the financial creditor and the rights of the debtor.  

scholarly journals International conventions on the transport of goods and electronic transport documents

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1161-1181
Author(s):  
Drago Divljak
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Transport ◽  
Electronic Record ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Additional Protocol ◽  
Regulatory Approach ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
International Conventions

The regulatory approach of international conventions on the transport of goods regarding some important issues in the field of electronic transport documents, such as the legal recognition of electronic transport documents, their functions and legal force makes the subject of analysis in this paper. The overall reach and limitations of the relevant convention rules are also included in the analysis. Conventions in the field of transport of goods, neither conceptually nor in terms of important issues, do not approach the problem of legal regulation of electronic transport documents in the same manner. While some conventions try to approach this problem systematically, in some branches of transport, the conventions are still applicable which, with their content, only implicitly enable the use of electronic transport documents. Regarding the completeness of the regulation of this matter, the Rotterdam Rules and the Additional Protocol to the CMR Convention stand out, but they differ in terms of the adequacy of regulation and final reach. The Rotterdam Rules, despite a very ambitious approach, have failed to adequately resolve the most challenging issue of this entire matter, which is the effective accomplishing of the subject matter-legal functions of a portable electronic record, which greatly reduced its ultimate reach. On the other hand, the Additional Protocol established a completely satisfactory legal foundations for the application of electronic transport documents in road transport.

scholarly journals The crime of graft and its penalty in Jordanian law: Etymological study compared to the Tunisian law : جريمة الكسب غير المشروع وعقوبتها في القانون الأردني: دراسة تأصيلية مقارنة بالقانون التونسي

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (17) ◽  
pp. 78-59
Author(s):  
Hala Taleb Abuamer Hala Taleb Abuamer
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
International Conventions

This study aims to clarify the concept of the crime of graft in Islamic jurisprudence, Jordanian law and Tunisian law. The study followed the descriptive comparative analytical approach. It also deals with the Qur’an verses and hadiths that prohibited illegal earning and the legal texts criminalizing it. This study clarifies the general elements of this crime, including the presumed element, also the material and the moral elements. The study clarifies the penalties for this crime in both Jordanian and Tunisian law. The study was concluded with a conclusion containing a number of results. The most important of which is that Islamic  law preceded the legal systems and international conventions in the prohibition and criminalization of illicit gain, as well as the criminalization of illicit gain and the arrangement of penalties for it in both Jordanian law and Tunisian law, although the Tunisian law related to illicit gain (enrichment) is more comprehensive and detailed than the Jordanian law in question. In the study, it also recommended a number of recommendations, the most important of which is the need to tighten the penalty in Jordanian law on legal persons when those responsible for it or one of them commits the crime of graft, as well as the need to stipulate the penalty for criminal participation in this law.

scholarly journals ARABIC: تغيير الفتوى بمقتضيات الزمان والمكان

rahatulquloob ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Dr. Abdul Wadood Abed ◽  
Dr. Hedayatullah Modaqiq
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Spatial Factors ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The One

Islamic law, by having features in its principles that are fixed and variable, expresses its authority in any situation and time. Of course, this feature reflects the unique legislative miracle of Islam itself. The source of Islamic law is divine and heavenly, so it has always descended directly through the revelation of Allah Almighty, the Lord of the worlds, and has been arranged according to His wisdom and providence and has been considered in the context of time and place according to their nature and needs. Changing of a fatwa is the change of one rule in a specific issue to another one along with a Sharia cause that agrees with the aims and purposes of the Sharia. Therefore, there is no change in the prescribed rules and the fixed principles of Shari, but Ijtihad, Qiyas and expedient rules can be changed; Because there are many rulings that have been permitted for expediency, after the passage of time and the change of place have led to corruption, which again has become impermissible. The rule of fatwa changing has been valid in the Sharia; Because, on the one hand, the Companions and their followers have used it in their ijtihad fatwas, and on the other hand, Islamic jurisprudence is a developmental debate that progresses together with the caravan of life, no awareness of the demands of time, place and scientific development is synonymous with depriving the Islamic Ummah from virtues and facilities of life, so it is necessary that the change of the fatwa has to be compatible to the change of expediencies, otherwise it will lead to corruption and harm. Statement of the problem: The Islamic jurists have divided the Islamic rules into fixed and variable. This means that the prescribed laws, which are in harmony with meek nature, do not accept changes but the rules which are based on ijtihad can be changed. The discussion of changing the fatwa and its temporal and spatial factors is one of the important issues of jurisprudence that scholars have paid attention to and therefore the answer to these two questions is necessary for the researcher whether changing the fatwa is permissible? Are the requirements of time and place effective in its changing?

scholarly journals La ciberdefensa y su regulación legal en Argentina (2006-2015)/ The ciberdefense and its legal regulation in Argentina (2006-2015)

2017 ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Silvina Cornaglia ◽  
Ariel Hernán Vercelli
Keyword(s):  
Public Policies ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Regional Collaboration ◽  
The Subject

En el artículo se analiza qué lugar ocupa y cómo se desarrolló la ciberdefensa dentro del sistema de defensa de la República Argentina. Para ello, se relevan y analizan las normas que se han producido sobre la temática durante el período 2006 – 2015. El estudio permite observar que dos instituciones han sido las más activas: por un lado, se destacan las regulaciones del Ministerio de Defensa y, por el otro, las regulaciones de la Jefatura de Gabinete de Ministros. La investigación tiene una doble finalidad. En primer lugar, favorecer un mayor nivel de sistematicidad legislativa en materia de ciberdefensa. En segundo lugar, producir información sustantiva para la elaboración de políticas públicas y actividades regionales de colaboración. El artículo es parte de una investigación mayor abocada al análisis de las diferentes formas de regular el ciberespacio.ABSTRACTThe article analyzes the place and how cyberdefense was developed within the defense system of República Argentina. To this end, the norms that have been produced on the subject during 2006 - 2015 are relieved and analyzed. The study shows that two institutions have been the most active: on one hand, stand out the regulations of the Ministerio de Defensa, and, on the other, the regulations of the Jefatura de Gabinete de Ministros. The research has a double purpose. Firstly, to favor a greater level of legislative systemacyin cyberdefense. Second, to produce substantive information for the elaboration of public policies and regional collaboration activities. The article is part of a larger investigation focused on the analysis of the different ways of regulating cyberspace.

scholarly journals THE SUBJECT OF CRIME: THE PROBLEM OF ESTABLISHING AGE LIMITS OF CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-812
Author(s):  
Natalia Yu. Zhilina ◽  
Esita E.Ganaeva ◽  
Marina L. Prokhorova ◽  
Denis N. Rudov ◽  
Irina V. Savelieva
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Age Limits ◽  
Civil And Political Rights ◽  
Criminal Legislation

Purpose: This article presents the authors’ analysis of the problem of determining the subject of a crime as a legal concept, and defining the legal characteristics of a person who has committed a crime by features that are necessary for criminal responsibility (individual, age, and responsibility). Methodology: The present study was based on a dialectic approach to the disclosure of legal phenomena using general scientific and private scientific methods. Considered the Convention on Rights of the Child1989; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights "in 1966; and UN Standard Minimum Rules for Administration of Juvenile Justice. Result: It is noted that the theory of criminal law and criminal legislation of various legal systems, including Russia, associate criminal responsibility with the age of the subject of the crime. Based on the requirements of criminal law, the subject of a crime may not be any imputed person, but only having reached a certain age. Applications: This research can be used for universities and students in law. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of establishing age limits of criminal responsibility is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.

scholarly journals Ordre du droit et droit de l'ordre

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-729
Author(s):  
Jacques Zylberberg
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Civil And Political Rights

This essay undertakes a review of national and international law to demonstrate that law is mainly an ideological and variable instrument of the State and of the United Nations, which is a by-product of the states. In this perspective, the author opposes the pragmatical ideology of resistance against the sovereign state to the juridical legitimation and the behaviour of the States who reluctantly have conceded some civil and political rights. Those rights are endangered by the growing bureaucratization of the state, the inflation of the juridical norms and rules, in addition to the permanent repressive characters of the State. The criticism of the contradiction and the variation of the rule of law when it relates to "human rights" is also extended to international law as well as to the international organizations.

scholarly journals الوظائف العلائقية للشرط في نماذج من الحديث النبوي الشريف: قراءة نحوية نصية (Relational Functions of Conditional Phrase in the Prophetic Sayings: A Textual Grammatical Reading)

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
عبد المهدي هاشم (Abdel Mahdi Hasyim al-Jarrah)
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Structural Role ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

ملخص البحث:   يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة الوظائف العلائقية للشرط في نماذج من الحديث النبوي الشريف دراسة نحوية نصية؛ وذلك لإبراز مظاهرها من جهة، وبيان دورها البنائي لنص الحديث من جهة أخرى. تناول البحث بداية مفهوم الشرط، ثم التعالق الشرطي بوصفه بنية نحوية نصية، وانتقل بعد ذلك إلى الوظائف العلائقية للشرط في نصوص الحديث النبوي الشريف. قام الباحث بعملية استقرائية تحليلية لنصوص الأحاديث النبوية الشريفة، وقد اختار عينات ممثلة لبنية الشرط في هذه الأحاديث، معتمداً على نسخة "صحيح" البخاري. للبحث منهج خاص تمثل في تركيزه على جانب العلاقات، والدخول في إبراز الوظائف العلائقية من منظور لساني حديث، وليس من منظور وصفي، فالغــرض هو التحــليل والغوص في أعمــاق الأثر اللساني النصي للشرط في نص الحديث، أي: سبر أغوار الشــرط في نص الحديث من منـــظور نحوي نصي، وله أيضاً ميزة خاصة تتمثل في أنه يبحث في كلام سيد الكائنات صلى الله عليه وسلــم، وإنها رحــــلة عذبة، تدفع في النفس السرور والراحة والطمأنينة، وإنه باعث على التعلم الجاد والتعليم الفاعل. انتهى البحث إلى أن وظائف الشرط العلائقية قد أثرت بصورة فاعلة في بناء نص الحديث، وقد تمثلت هذه الوظائف بتأسيس مبدأ الدورية، ثم الوظيفة التسلسلية التوضيحية، وبناء استراتيجية الحوار، والتواتر الإحالي، وتأسيس التوازي، وأخيراً البعد التحديدي بأنواعه: المستقل، والتبعي، والسببي.الكلمات المفتاحية: الوظائف- العلائقية- الشرط- نحو النص- الحديث النبوي.Abstract:This paper attempts to study grammatically and textually the functions of conditional phrase in selected of the Prophet’s Traditions. It aims at pointing out its features on one hand, and explaining its structural role on the other. It begins with the definition of conditional phrase, its relational condition as a textual grammatical structure. The relational functions of condition in the prophetic sayings will be examined afterwards. The researcher uses deductive and analytical approach to examine the sayings from the collection of Ṣaḥiḥ al-Bukhārī in order to find the relational functions of the conditional phrase from the perspective of modern linguistic but not descriptively. This is in order to uncover and analyze the depth of textual linguistic presence of conditional phrase in the Prophet’s Traditions. The study is special in the sense that it studies the Prophet’s Traditions and it   worthy endeavor that brings comfort and excitement to the souls. It brings   to a serious learning and teaching undertaking of the subject matter. The study concludes that functional relational conditions have significant influence on the structure of the sayings. These functions are apparent in the principle of periodicity and have the serial function that aims to explain. It also helps to build conversation strategy, referential succession and the determinative dimension with it categories; independent, consequential and causal.Keywords: Functions– Relational– Condition– Textual Grammar– Prophetic Sayings. Abstrak:Makalah ini membincangkan fungsi-fungsi hubungan bagi frasa syarat dalam hadis Nabi terhadap tatabahasa teks; iaitu dengan menonjol dan menerangkan sifat-sifat serta peranan yang dimainkan oleh frasa syarat sebagai frasa berstruktur. Makalah ini dimulai dengan definisi frasa syarat dan hubungannya sebagai struktur tatabahasa. Seterusnya, makalah ini mengkaji fungsi-fungsi hubungan bagi frasa syarat dalam hadis Nabi. Penyelidik telah menggunakan pendekatan deduktif dan analitis untuk mengkaji hadis-hadis yang terdapat dalam Ṣaḥiḥ al-Bukhārī, agar fungsi-fungsi hubungan bagi frasa syarat diperoleh menurut perspektif linguistik moden dan bukan secara deskriptif. Hal ini bertujuan untuk menyingkap dan menganalisa kewujudan teks linguistik bagi frasa syarat yang terdapat dalam hadis Nabi secara mendalam. Justeru, kajian ini penting dalam mengkaji sabda Rasul Allah S.A.W., malah merupakan antara usaha murni dalam mendalami hadis Nabi yang dianggap sebagai penawar hati dan penenang jiwa. Kajian mendapati fungsi-fungsi hubungan bagi frasa syarat meninggalkan kesan mendalam terhadap struktur hadis. Fungsi-fungsi ini diihat lebih jelas pada struktur berkala dan mempunyai fungsi bersiri yang bertindak sebagai penerangan. Ia juga dapat membantu dalam membina strategi perbualan dan penentu pelbagai dimensi iaitu bebas, akibat dan penyebab.     Kata kunci: Fungsi-fungsi- Hubungan- Syarat- Tatabahasa Teks- Hadis Nabi.

scholarly journals ISLAM IN DIGITAL AGE: THE APPLICATION OF MAQĀSID AS-SYARI’AH ON DIGITAL ZAKAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
Umi Cholifah
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Normative Study ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Basic Word ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject

           The digital era is utilized by many institutions in facilitating consumers to transact. One of them is transaction for zakat. However, zakat is a worship commanded by Allah. Then, the use of digitizing zakat should also be submissive and obedient to the rules established by Allah. On the other hand, in the Islamic rules there is something very important which can be used to approach contemporary issues comprehensively. It is also the objectives of Islamic law contained in each rule. It is namely maqāsid as-syari’ah. Through descriptive normative study, this paper will offer concepts of maqāsid as-syari’ah which can be applied in zakat on digital finance. Finally, this study aims to explore the concepts of legality and strengthening strategies for zakat on digital finance based on maqāsid as-syari’ah. The results of this study is some verses that have the basic word zakat are in the first reference to explore the legal content of zakat on digital finance. From the legal basis, it appears that in legal concept, the provisions that exist in zakat on digital finance must be in accordance with the rules of zakat in Islam. As for steps to strengthen zakat in terms of two aspects, there are the scope of legal objectives and the subject. Abstrak         Era digital dimanfaatkan oleh banyak lembaga dalam memfasilitasi konsumen untuk bertransaksi. Salah satunya adalah transaksi zakat. Namun, zakat merupakan ibadah yang diperintahkan oleh Allah. Oleh karenaitu, penggunaan digitalisasi zakat juga harus tunduk dan patuh pada aturan yang ditetapkan oleh Allah. Di sisi lain, di dalam aturan Islam terdapat sesuatu yang sangat penting yang biasa digunakan untuk mendekati masalah kontemporer secara komprehensif. Hal ini juga merupakan suatu tujuan hukum Islam yang terkandung dalam setiap aturan, yang disebut dengan maqāsid as-syari'ah. Melalui studi normative deskriptif, tulisan ini menawarkan konsep maqāsid as-syari'ah yang dapat diterapkan dalam zakat pada keuangan digital. Akhirnya, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi konsep legalitas dan memperkuat strategi  zakat pada keuangan  digital berdasarkan maqāsid as-syari'ah. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah beberapa ayat yang memiliki kata dasar zakat ada dalam referensi pertama untuk mengeksplorasi konten hukum zakat pada keuangan digital. Dari dasar hukum, tampak bahwa dalam konsep hukum, ketentuan yang ada dalam zakat pada keuangan digital harus sesuai dengan aturan zakat dalam Islam. Adapun langkah-langkah untuk memperkuat zakat dalam dua aspek yaitu  ruang lingkup tujuan hukum objek dan subjek.

scholarly journals Uşûl al-Fiqh versus Hermeneutika tentang Pengembangan Pemikiran Hukum Islam Kontemporer

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Ahwan Fanani
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
A Priori Knowledge ◽  
Central Position ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Contemporary Life ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Priori Knowledge

<p>The philosophy of Islamic Law (uşûl al-fiqh) has been known as occupying the central position</p>in the whole structure of Islamic jurisprudence. Its method and logic of legal extrapolation has dominated not only the legal sphere of the jurists but also influenced the philosophers and the scholastics in their method and way of thinking. Uşûl al-fiqh is mainly deductive in its approach and is concerned with the analysis of linguistics. Now with the developments of new methods in legal and linguistic studies, many scholars have attempted to introduce new way of interpreting Islamic law by bringing up hermeneutics as the main tool. Hermeneutics is about interpreting text by taking into consideration the cultural and personal backgrounds of the author. It also teaches that in reading a text, a reader must be neutral in that he should not have in mind an a priori knowledge and assumption about the subject. This paper is concerned with exploring the dynamics of both uşûl al-fiqh and hermeneutics in the context of developing the Islamic Law in contemporary life.

scholarly journals Extraterritorial application of the right to life on the high sea . Commentary to the Views adopted by the Human Rights Committee of 27 January 2021, A.S., D.I., O.I. and G.D. against Italy, Communication No. 3042/2017

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Pacholski
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Rescue Operation ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Civil And Political Rights ◽  
The Right

The subject matter of this commentary, which instigates the Views of the Human Rights Committee of 27 January 2021, is the protection of one of the fundamental human rights – the right to life. The Committee, as an authority appointed to oversee compliance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, had to decide on the issue of Italy’s responsibility for failing to provide assistance to a boat in distress, even if the area in which the vessel was located was not within the territory of this state and other acts of international law attribute the responsibility for executing the rescue operation to a third country. According to the Committee’s views, which applied extraterritorial approach to the protection of the right to life, whenever states have the opportunity to take action for the protection of human rights they should do everything possible in a given situation to help people in need.

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