scholarly journals The Prevalence of Risky Behaviours in Traffic that can Lead to Traumatic Brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7

Introduction: Traffic accidents are a common cause of traumatic brain injuries. Such injuries are often associated with problematic behaviour i.e., violations of the Traffic Safety Act. Driving under the influence of intoxicants and non-compliance with traffic signals often cause traffic accidents, and not wearing a crash helmet or not wearing a protective seat belt increase the possibility of developing a traumatic brain injury. Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of risky behaviours in traffic that can lead to traumatic brain injury and to examine differences according to gender. It is assumed that the most common risky behaviour is failure to wear a crash helmet and that the male participants will show a higher prevalence of risky behaviour compared to women. Methods: The measuring instrument is a questionnaire consisting of nine statements. The questionnaire was filled out by a sample of 302 people in Croatia. The IBM SPSS Statistics 22 program was used for data processing. The prevalence of risky behaviours was expressed in percentages, and the Pearson’s Chi-Square was used to examine the differences between male and female participants. Results: The results show that risky behaviours in traffic are present, especially not wearing a crash helmet while riding a bicycle, running across the road on a red light, and not wearing a seat belt in a car whilst sitting in the back seat. The male participants showed a higher prevalence of risky behaviour compared to women. Conclusion: To reduce the number of traffic accidents that can lead to traumatic brain injury, it is important to act on risky behaviours in traffic. Public health policies and legislation are one way of prevention. In addition, it is important to inform, educate and raise public awareness about this global problem. In order to implement the necessary preventative measures, one should be aware of the prevalence of the risky behaviours in traffic that can lead to traumatic brain injury and of the groups that are more willing to take risks in traffic.

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Aidanas Preikšaitis ◽  
Saulius Ročka

Aidanas Preikšaitis, Saulius RočkaVilniaus universiteto Medicinos fakultetas, M. K. Čiurlionio g. 21, LT-03101 VilniusVilniaus universiteto Neurologijos ir neurochirurgijos klinikos Neurochirurgijos skyrius,Šiltnamių g. 29, LT-04130 VilniusEl paštas: [email protected]; [email protected] Įvadas / tikslas Pasaulyje galvos trauma patiriama kas penkiolika sekundžių, kas dvylika minučių nuo jos miršta žmogus. Daugiausia asmenų iki 40 metų miršta dėl išorinių priežasčių, tarp jų ir įvairių traumų. Mirtys dėl galvos smegenų traumų sudaro apie 30% visų trauminių mirčių. Ši studija buvo suplanuota dėl to, kad epidemiologinė galvos smegenų traumos situacija mūsų krašte yra neaiški. Ligoniai ir metodai Retrospektyvusis tyrimas atliktas Vilniaus greitosios pagalbos universitetinėje ligoninėje. Buvo ištirta 622 dėl galvos smegenų traumos hospitalizuotų pacientų. Duomenys buvo renkami į asmeninį kompiuterį ir apdoroti naudojant "MS office Excel 2003" ir "SPSS 10" programas. Rezultatai Vyrai galvos smegenų traumą patiria vidutiniškai tris kartus dažniau negu moterys. 20–59 metų žmonės sudarė 72,5%. Dažniausios galvos smegenų traumos priežastys: kritimai (40,7%), eismo nelaimės (20,5%) ir smurtiniai sužalojimai (19%). Lengvų galvos smegenų traumų (pagal Glasgow komų skalę (GKS) 13–15 balų) pasitaikė 67,8% atvejų, vidutinio sunkumo (GKS 9–12 balų) buvo 15,2%, o sunkių galvos smegenų traumų (GKS < 8 balai) – 17%. Remiantis radiologiniais duomenimis dažniausiai buvo diagnozuojama subduralinė kraujosruva (29,1%), kiek rečiau – trauminė subarachnoidinė kraujosruva (19,5%). Net 86,4% baigtis buvo gera (pagal Glasgow baigčių skalę 4–5 balai), 6,4% pacientų, patyrusių galvos smegenų traumą, neišgyveno. Išvados Galvos smegenų traumą reikšmingai dažniau patiria 20–59 metų vyrai. Dažniausia traumos priežastis – kritimai. Vilniaus ligoninėse dažniausiai gydomi pacientai, patyrę lengvą galvos smegenų traumą (GKS 15–13 balų). Net trys ketvirtadaliai baigčių yra labai geros. Pusė žmonių, patyrusių sunkią galvos traumą (GKS 3 balai), neišgyvena. Pasitvirtino ankstyvieji galvos smegenų traumos prognoziniai veiksniai: atvykimo GKS, amžius, vyzdžių skersmuo ir jų reakcija į šviesą, pakitimai galvos kompiuterinėje tomogramoje. Vilniaus ligoninėje hospitalizuojama santykinai daugiau lengvą galvos smegenų traumą patyrusių pacientų negu kitose pasaulio klinikose. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: galvos trauma, galvos smegenų trauma, neurochirurgija, epidemiologija The epidemiology of in-hospital-treated brain traumas in Vilnius city and region AIDANAS PREIKŠAITIS, SAULIUS ROČKAVilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, M. K. Čiurlionio str. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, LithuaniaVilnius University, Clinic of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery,Šiltnamių str. 29, LT-04130 Vilnius, LithuaniaE-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Background / objective Every fifteen seconds a head injury happens in the world, and every twelve minutes it causes a death. Most individuals younger than 40 years die due to external causes including different traumas. Deaths caused by traumatic brain injury comprise about 30% of all traumatic deaths. This study has been planned because of the unclear epidemiology of traumatic brain injuries in our country. Patients and methods A retrospective study was carried out at Vilnius University Emergency Hospital. 622 hospitalized traumatic brain injury patients were enrolled in the study. The data were stored in a personal computer and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2003 and SPSS 10 statistical package. Results The male gender was dominant among the brain-injured. 72.5% of these patients were 20–59 years of age. Most frequent causes of traumatic brain injuries were falls (40.7%), traffic accidents (20.5%) and assaults (19%). Mild traumatic brain injuries (Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 13–15) were proved in 67.8%, moderate (GCS 9–12) in 15.2% and severe (GCS < 8) – in 17.0% of cases. Radiological evaluation revealed subdural hemorrhage in 29.1% and traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage in 19.5% of victims. Good outcomes (according to GOS 4–5) were reGBStered in 86.4% patients, 6.4% patients did not survive. Conclusions Traumatic brain injuries in males were three times more frequent than in females. The age group of 20–59 years was prevalent. The most frequent cause of trauma was fall. Mild traumatic brain injuries (GCS 15–13) prevailed in Vilnius among the in-hospital patients. Three quarters of the outcomes were very good. Half of the patients brought in with three-point coma did not survive. The following early prognostic factors of traumatic brain injury were approved: GCS score, age, pupils diameter and light reflex, CT features. It was established that hospitalization of mild traumatic brain injuries in Lithuania was more frequent than in neurosurgical departments of other countries. Keywords: head injury, traumatic brain injury, neurosurgery, epidemiology


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2417-2421 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Touahmia

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are becoming a major problem around the world, incurring enormous losses of human and economic resources. Recent reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) reveal that each year more than 1.25 million people are killed and 50 million are injured in road traffic accidents worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, statistics show that at least one traffic accident occurs every minute, causing up to 7,000 deaths and over 39,000 injuries annually. In this study, the main causes of RATs in the province of Hail are examined. The data was collected through the use of a survey which was developed to evaluate the effect of influencing parameters on RTA rate. The results show that 67% of RTAs result from human factors, 29% from road conditions and 4% from vehicle defects. Excessive speed and violation of traffic rules and regulations were found to be the main causes of RATs. Low rates of compliance with speed limit signs and seat-belt regulations were also observed. These findings highlight the need of strengthening effective traffic law enforcement alongside with improving traffic safety and raising public awareness.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Saufi Awang ◽  
Buveinthiran Balakrishnan ◽  
Chan Kin Hup ◽  
Razman Mohd Rus

Introduction: Mild traumatic brain injury is the most common form of traumatic brain injury. Individuals sustaining mild head injuries often complain of a cluster of symptoms termed post concussion syndrome. Post concussion syndrome can be profoundly disabling. Thus the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of post concussion syndrome in an adult population with mild traumatic brain injury in a single neurosurgical center in East Coast, Malaysia. Methods: Cross Sectional study, in a single neurosurgical center in Kuantan, Pahang. The study period is from January 2016 – December 2016. Universal sampling method was used, all patients with mild traumatic brain injury presenting to HTAA, meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria is included in this study. Patients are then subjected to the checklist for diagnosis of post concussion syndrome as per ICD 10 classification at 2 weeks interval. Results: Between February 2016 – June 2016, a total of 136 patients with mild traumatic injury have been recruited to this study. The leading cause of mild traumatic brain injury is road traffic accidents, 86 patients (63.2%), and the mean age of this patient with mild traumatic brain injury is 28.8. Out of this number, 11 patients (8.1%) have been diagnosed with post concussion syndrome. Conclusions: The majority of individuals who sustain mild traumatic brain injuries are young adults, and the most common cause is road traffic accidents. Less than 10% of recruited patients suffered from post concussion syndrome.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Pilakimwe Egbohou ◽  
Tabana Mouzou ◽  
Pikabalo Tchetike ◽  
Hamza Doles Sama ◽  
Sarakawabalo Assenouwe ◽  
...  

Introduction. Severe pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) is a leading cause of disability and death in children worldwide. Children victims of pTBI are admitted to the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital (SOUH) at the multipurpose Intensive Care Unit (ICU). We aimed in this study to describe the epidemiologic characteristics and outcomes of pTBI patients admitted in this ICU. Patients and Methods. This study was conducted at the ICU of SOUH of Lome. It was a retrospective study based on patients’ records from 0 to 15 years old admitted during the period from 1 January 2012 to 30 June 2018 (5 years and 6 months). Results. We recorded 91 pTBI included in the study. The mean age was 7.7 ± 4.3 years. The male predominated with 67.0%. Road traffic accidents were the most common cause (79.1%), followed by falls (19.8%). The average pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale (pGCS) was 6.6 ± 1.4, with a mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 23.1 ± 8.4. The most common brain injuries found in the CT scan were brain edema (72.9%), skull fracture (69.5%), and brain contusion (55.9%). The average duration under mechanical ventilation was 2.1 ± 2.9 days, and the mean ICU stay was 4.9 ± 4.4 days. Overall mortality was 31.9% (29 cases). Factors significantly associated (p<0.05) with death were hypotension (51.7%), anemia (43.1%), hyperthermia (46.7%), GCS < 6 (64%), and ISS > 20 (48.9%). Conclusion. pTBI mortality remains high in SOUH ICU. Factors associated with mortality were secondary systemic insults, worse GCS < 6, and ISS > 20.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 3311
Author(s):  
Prasanth Asher ◽  
Jijo Joseph Joseph ◽  
Varun Singh Pendro ◽  
Anilkumar Peethambaran ◽  
Rajmohan Bhanu Prabhakar

Background: This study investigated the epidemiological pattern of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in our hospital, so as to juxtapose with available statistics and formulate recommendations for patient betterment.Methods: The Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram was the setting of this cross-sectional longitudinal study and included all patients admitted with clinical/radiological evidence of TBI over a period of three months (October 2019 to December 2019). Details regarding mechanism of injury and the socioeconomic background of the subjects were collected during the stay in hospital, by means of a semi structured questionnaire. SPSS software was used to analyze the data collected.Results: Out of 658 patients included in the study, majority of the subjects belonged to the age group 30-60 years. About 80% of subjects were males. 63% were manual laborers. Majority of the patients had about 10-15 days’ stay in the hospital. Road traffic accidents were the most common mechanism of injury and involved two wheelers mainly. Lack of helmet and restraining seat belt was noted in a sizeable percent of the subjects. Loss of consciousness was the most common complaint and GCS in the majority of subjects ranged from 9-13. Subdural hematomas and hemorrhagic contusions were the most common CT findings. 39.7% of the patients had associated spinal injury. About 48% of the subjects were operated. There was 7% mortality.Conclusions: Road traffic accidents accounted for the majority of traumatic brain injury incidents and a sizeable portion of patients required expert neurosurgical care.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Rustam Hazratkulov ◽  

Multiple traumatic hematomas (MG) account for 0.74% of all traumatic brain injuries. A comprehensive diagnostic approach to multiple traumatic intracranial hematomas allows to establish a diagnosis in the early stages of traumatic brain injury and to determine treatment tactics. A differentiated approach to the choice of surgical treatment of multiple hematomas allows to achieve satisfactory results and treatment outcomes, which accordingly contributes to the early activation of the patient, a reduction in hospital stay, a decrease in mortality and disabilityin patients with traumatic brain injury


2020 ◽  
pp. 000313482097335
Author(s):  
Isaac W. Howley ◽  
Jonathan D. Bennett ◽  
Deborah M. Stein

Moderate and severe traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are a major cause of severe morbidity and mortality; rapid diagnosis and management allow secondary injury to be minimized. Traumatic brain injury is only one of many potential causes of altered mental status; head computed tomography (HCT) is used to definitively diagnose TBI. Despite its widespread use and obvious importance, interpretation of HCT images is rarely covered by formal didactics during general surgery or even acute care surgery training. The schema illustrated here may be applied in a rapid and reliable fashion to HCT images, expediting the diagnosis of clinically significant traumatic brain injury that warrants emergent medical and surgical therapies to reduce intracranial pressure. It consists of 7 normal anatomic structures (cerebrospinal fluid around the brain stem, open fourth ventricle, “baby’s butt,” “Mickey Mouse ears,” absence of midline shift, sulci and gyri, and gray-white differentiation). These 7 features can be seen even as the CT scanner obtains images, allowing the trauma team to expedite medical management of intracranial hypertension and pursue neurosurgical consultation prior to radiologic interpretation if the features are abnormal.


Author(s):  
Yu-Chin Tsai ◽  
Shao-Chun Wu ◽  
Ting-Min Hsieh ◽  
Hang-Tsung Liu ◽  
Chun-Ying Huang ◽  
...  

Thank you for Eduardo Mekitarian Filho’s appreciation of our work on the study of stress-induced hyperglycemia (SIH) and diabetic hyperglycemia (DH) in patients with traumatic brain injuries [...]


2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Bal G Karmacharya ◽  
Brijesh Sathian

The objective of this study was to review the demographics, causes injury, severity, treatment and outcome of traumatic brain injuries in victims of the April 2015 earthquake who were admitted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara. A total of 37 patients was admitted under Neurosurgery Services. Collapse of buildings was the commonest cause of head injury. The majority of them had mild head injury. Associated injuries to other parts of the body were present in 40.54% patients.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 12:63-66, 2015


2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luong Xuan Hien ◽  
Nguyen Quoc Tien ◽  
Tran Thi Phuong

This was an epidemiological study through a retrospective review of 215 medical records of patients with brain injury due to land traffic accidents treated at Ninh Binh Provincial General Hospital. Theresults showed that the majority of research subjects were male, accounting for 80.5%; The age group with higher prevalence of accidents was under 30 years old, accounting for 31.2%; The agegroup of 50-59 years old was at lower prevalence of accidents accounting for 15.8%. The time of the higher chance of occurring accident was between 4p.m and 11p.m daily. The majorityof traffic accidents occurred when riding motorbikes and electric bicycles (82.3%). About 75.0% of the victims received first aid with a gauze bandage; 5.4% of them had broken bones fixed. Amongthe brain injuries, 34.4% of the victims suffered from frontal trauma; 29.3% had unilateral cerebral hemisphere injury, 24.2% had temporal region injury, 15.8% had occipital region injury, and 8.4% ofvictims had parietal injury. More than half of the study subjects (53.5%) were hospitalized for 7-10 days. The rate of patients who have been discharged from the hospital with improved symptoms was81.4%; and 14.9% of patients were transferred to higher level hospitals.


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