scholarly journals Present Chemotherapy Induced Alopecia and Research in Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang J ◽  
◽  
Li N ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Severe Trauma ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Scalp Cooling ◽  
Preclinical Research

CIA (Chemotherapy Induced Alopecia) is a common side effect seen during cancer treatment and a distressing symptom in many types of cancer patients. Patients exposed with alopecia during cancer treatment were accompanied by social influences and further quality of life. Although hair regrows in 3-6 months after chemotherapy, the regrown hair has changes in color, structure, texture etc. In the United States, chemotherapeutic patients had alopecia in varying degrees, where woman patients considered CIA as the most severe trauma, and even refused proper chemotherapy or have chosen an alternative therapy. Furthermore, the reported conditions of permanent CIA have been increasing. The CIA measures are mainly assessed using NCI-CTCAE, CTC, WHO, and GPA. Etiologically, CIA might be caused by therapeutic agents, genes and hormones. Diagnosis includes CST (Cross-Section Trichometry), Trichoscopy and OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography). Currently, the mainly reported used prevention of CIA is scalp cooling, and FDA has classified the scalp cooling system into class II (special controls) to provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of the device. Scalp cooling is influenced by temperature, therapeutic agents, time and physiological factors. Besides physical interventions, several novel methods have been reported in animal models recently including drug-specific antibodies, hair growth cycle modifiers, cytokines, growth factors, antioxidants, cell cycle/proliferation modifiers or inhibitors of apoptosis, LLLT (Low-Level Laser Therapy), many drug preventions being under preclinical research. Thus, this review explores the current clinical treatment and future researches.

Hair Loss Prevention by a Scalp Cooling Device in Early Breast Cancer Patients: The Poliambulanza Preliminary Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Prochilo ◽  
Alessandra Huscher ◽  
Federica Andreis ◽  
Mara Mirandola ◽  
Elisabetta Zaina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Scalp Cooling ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Cooling Device ◽  
End Of Treatment

Background: The most effective agents in the treatment of breast cancer have a common side effect, the hair loss. Some studies reported a reduction of hair loss with the use of the scalp cooling device. Indeed, it decreases the drug accumulation in the hair follicles. We report our preliminary experience with a scalp cooling device in reducing chemotherapy-induced alopecia and related distress in breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. </P><P> Methods: Hair loss grading and treatment tolerability were evaluated during chemotherapy every 21 days and 3 weeks after the last cycle of chemotherapy via Dean’s scale by patients and operators and a comfort analogic scale by patients. We administered the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire at the baseline and at the end of treatment to assess the distress related to chemotherapy- induced alopecia. Results: Among the 46 patients identified, 27 accepted the device. The eligible chemotherapy regimens included docetaxel+cyclophosphamide (TC), doxorubicin+cyclophosphamide (AC) and paclitaxel (P) weekly+trastuzumab (T). 24 pts (89%) completed the treatment; 3 pts (11%) treated with AC prematurely interrupted use of the scalp-cooling device due to inefficacy. After the last cycle of chemotherapy, the number of patient who perceived a HL < grade 2 was 16 (59%). The hair retention reported by operators has been higher (78%). 81.5% of patients well tolerated the treatment. Conclusion: In our study, the scalp-cooling device reduced chemotherapy-induced alopecia in taxane- based chemotherapy. Furthermore, it suggests a discordance in hair loss perception between patients and operators.

Unsaturated fatty acids as a co-therapeutic agents in cancer treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Asefy ◽  
Asghar Tanomand ◽  
Sirus Hoseinnejhad ◽  
Zaker Ceferov ◽  
Ebrahim Abbasi Oshaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Therapeutic Agents

Preclinical investigations revealed possibilities for Salmonella tumor treatment. Bacteria can also be coupled to nanomaterials enabling drug-loading, photocatalytic and/or magnetic properties, using the bacteria's net negative charge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Dowaidar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Immunodeficient Mice ◽  
Virulence Attenuation

Except in human clinical trials, preclinical tests showed the potential of Salmonella bacteria for tumor therapy. There are still various challenges to tackle before salmonella bacteria may be employed to treat human cancer. Due to its pathogenic nature, attenuation is essential to minimize the host's harmful effects of bacterial infection. Loss of anticancer efficacy from bacterial virulence attenuation can be compensated by giving therapeutic payloads to microorganisms. Bacteria can also be linked to micro-or nanomaterials with diverse properties, such as drug-loaded, photocatalytic and/or magnetic-sensing nanoparticles, using the net negative charge of the bacteria. Combining bacteria-mediated cancer treatment with other medicines that have been clinically shown to be helpful but have limits may provide surprising therapeutic results. Recently, this strategy has received attention and is underway. The use of live germs for cancer treatment has not yet been approved for human clinical trials. The non-invasive oral form of administration benefits from safety, making it more suitable for clinical cancer patients.Infection of live germs through systemic means, on the other hand, involves toxicity risk. Although Salmonella bacteria can be genetically manipulated with high tumor targeting, harm to normal tissues can not be excluded when medications with nonspecific toxicity are administered. It is preferred if the action of selected drugs may be restricted to the tumor site rather than healthy tissues, thereby boosting cancer therapy safety. In recent years, many regulatory mechanisms have been developed to manage pharmaceutical distribution through live bacterial vectors. Engineered salmonella can accumulate 1000 times greater than normal tissue density in the tumor. The QS-regulated mechanism, which initiates gene expression when bacterial density exceeds a particular threshold level, also promises Salmonella bacteria for targeted medication delivery. Nanovesicle structures of Salmonella bacteria can also be used as biocompatible nanocarriers to deliver functional medicinal chemicals in cancer therapy. Surface-modified nanovesicles preferably attach to tumor cells and are swallowed by receptor-mediated endocytosis before being destroyed to release packed drugs. The xenograft methodology, which comprises the implantation of cultivated tumor cell lines into immunodeficient mice, has often been used in preclinical research revealing favorable results about the anticancer effects of genetically engineered salmonella.

scholarly journals Recent advances in understanding and managing chronic constipation

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O. Prichard ◽  
Adil E. Bharucha
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Molecular Physiology ◽  
High Resolution Manometry ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Bile Acid Transporters ◽  
Life Threatening

Constipation, a condition characterized by heterogeneous symptoms, is common in Western society. It is associated with reduced physical health, mental health, and social functioning. Because constipation is rarely due to a life-threatening disease (for example, colon cancer), current guidelines recommend empiric therapy. Limited surveys suggest that fewer than half of treated individuals are satisfied with treatment, perhaps because the efficacy of drugs is limited, they are associated with undesirable side effects, or they may not target the underlying pathophysiology. For example, although a substantial proportion of constipated patients have a defecatory disorder that is more appropriately treated with pelvic floor biofeedback therapy than with laxatives, virtually no pharmacological trials formally assessed for anorectal dysfunction. Recent advances in investigational tools have improved our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of colonic and defecatory functions. In particular, colonic and anorectal high-resolution manometry are now available. High-resolution anorectal manometry, which is increasingly used in clinical practice, at least in the United States, provides a refined assessment of anorectal pressures and may uncover structural abnormalities. Advances in our understanding of colonic molecular physiology have led to the development of new therapeutic agents (such as secretagogues, pro-kinetics, inhibitors of bile acid transporters and ion exchangers). However, because clinical trials compare these newer agents with placebo, their efficacy relative to traditional laxatives is unknown. This article reviews these physiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic advances and focuses particularly on newer therapeutic agents.

Functional nanoparticles of tea polyphenols for doxorubicin delivery in cancer treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (36) ◽  
pp. 7622-7631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaiying Zhang ◽  
Zeng Yi ◽  
Zhe Sun ◽  
Xiaomin Ma ◽  
Xudong Li
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Tea Polyphenols ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Anticancer Efficacy ◽  
Functional Nanoparticles ◽  
Prepared Nanoparticles ◽  
Doxorubicin Delivery

Simply-prepared nanoparticles of tea polyphenols are biocompatible, stimuli-responsive carriers for therapeutic agents, resulting in enhanced anticancer efficacy.

scholarly journals Elevated Cancer-Specific Mortality Among HIV-Infected Patients in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (21) ◽  
pp. 2376-2383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna E. Coghill ◽  
Meredith S. Shiels ◽  
Gita Suneja ◽  
Eric A. Engels
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cancer Stage ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Cancer Specific Mortality

Purpose Despite advances in the treatment of HIV, HIV-infected people remain at increased risk for many cancers, and the number of non–AIDS-defining cancers is increasing with the aging of the HIV-infected population. No prior study has comprehensively evaluated the effect of HIV on cancer-specific mortality. Patients and Methods We identified cases of 14 common cancers occurring from 1996 to 2010 in six US states participating in a linkage of cancer and HIV/AIDS registries. We used Cox regression to examine the association between patient HIV status and death resulting from the presenting cancer (ascertained from death certificates), adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, year of cancer diagnosis, and cancer stage. We included 1,816,461 patients with cancer, 6,459 (0.36%) of whom were HIV infected. Results Cancer-specific mortality was significantly elevated in HIV-infected compared with HIV-uninfected patients for many cancers: colorectum (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.49; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.84), pancreas (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.35 to 2.18), larynx (HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.06 to 2.47), lung (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.39), melanoma (HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.70), breast (HR, 2.61; 95% CI, 2.06 to 3.31), and prostate (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.41). HIV was not associated with increased cancer-specific mortality for anal cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. After further adjustment for cancer treatment, HIV remained associated with elevated cancer-specific mortality for common non–AIDS-defining cancers: colorectum (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.80), lung (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.44), melanoma (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.14 to 3.27), and breast (HR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.86 to 3.73). Conclusion HIV-infected patients with cancer experienced higher cancer-specific mortality than HIV-uninfected patients, independent of cancer stage or receipt of cancer treatment. The elevation in cancer-specific mortality among HIV-infected patients may be attributable to unmeasured stage or treatment differences as well as a direct relationship between immunosuppression and tumor progression.

scholarly journals Managing Cancer Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Agility and Collaboration Toward a Common Goal

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masumi Ueda ◽  
Renato Martins ◽  
Paul C. Hendrie ◽  
Terry McDonnell ◽  
Jennie R. Crews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Shared Vision ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Face ◽  
Snohomish County

The first confirmed case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States was reported on January 20, 2020, in Snohomish County, Washington. At the epicenter of COVID-19 in the United States, the Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and University of Washington are at the forefront of delivering care to patients with cancer during this public health crisis. This Special Feature highlights the unique circumstances and challenges of cancer treatment amidst this global pandemic, and the importance of organizational structure, preparation, agility, and a shared vision for continuing to provide cancer treatment to patients in the face of uncertainty and rapid change.

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