Overview: Autologous Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

The implant of autologous mononuclear cells is an avant-garde method based on the use of a cell population within our body to regenerate tissues that have been damaged by various pathological events. The biological assumption is the richness and complexity of biochemical and cellular phenomena inherent in both organism response to damage and tissue regeneration. The key role is played by the mononuclear phagocyte system which regulates and modulates the activity of mesenchymal stem cells capable of differentiating and providing tissue repair. This system does not only have a traditional “scavenger” function within the immune system, but it is also of central importance in the modulation and activation of the response to tissue damage, be it traumatic, surgical, or degenerative. In this review we summarize the main features of this method and the most common uses in clinical practice where the interest is growing considering both the powerful, rapid and documented regenerative response of the various “target” tissues: vascular, cartilage, bone, muscle and tendon tissue.