scholarly journals On the Importance of Catalysis in Photocatalysis: Triggering of Photocatalysis at Well-Defined Anatase TiO2 Crystals Through Facet-Specific Deposition of Oxygen Reduction Cocatalyst

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Adler ◽  
Dariusz Mitoraj ◽  
Igor Krivtsov ◽  
Radim Beranek
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Pt Nanoparticles ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Photogenerated Electrons ◽  
Surface Catalysis ◽  
Usual Quantum ◽  
Further Development

Well-defined anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> crystals with co-exposed {101} and {001} facets represent a promising platform for fundamental studies in photocatalysis and for the development of novel photocatalytic systems exhibiting higher than usual quantum efficiencies. Herein, we present protocols enabling the photoreductive deposition of Pt nanoparticles onto anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> micro-sized (1-3 mm) crystals prepared by hydrothermal growth in fluoride-containing solutions to be carried out either facet-selectively (on {101} facets only) or facet non-selectively (on both {101} and {001} facets). The photocatalytic behavior of resulting photocatalysts is studied using investigations of oxidative photodegradation of a test pollutant (4-chlorophenol, 4-CP), photocurrent measurements, and kinetic analysis of the open-circuit photopotential decay. We demonstrate that the deposition of Pt nanoparticles effectively triggers the photocatalytic degradation of 4-CP at anatase crystals which are otherwise completely inactive. The role of Pt in triggering the photocatalysis is demonstrated to consist chiefly in the catalytic enhancement of the reaction rate of oxygen reduction by photogenerated electrons. Only platinized {101} facets contribute to photocatalysis, whereas the {001} facets, in the literature often referred to as “highly reactive”, are even after platinization completely inactive, most likely due to (1 × 4) surface reconstruction upon the heat treatment necessary to decrease the amount of surface fluorides. Based on our results, we highlight the eminent role of efficient surface catalysis for effective charge separation, and provide specific design rules for further development of photocatalysts with high quantum efficiencies.

scholarly journals On the Importance of Catalysis in Photocatalysis: Triggering of Photocatalysis at Well-Defined Anatase TiO2 Crystals Through Facet-Specific Deposition of Oxygen Reduction Cocatalyst

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Adler ◽  
Dariusz Mitoraj ◽  
Igor Krivtsov ◽  
Radim Beranek
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Pt Nanoparticles ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Photogenerated Electrons ◽  
Surface Catalysis ◽  
Usual Quantum ◽  
Further Development

Well-defined anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> crystals with co-exposed {101} and {001} facets represent a promising platform for fundamental studies in photocatalysis and for the development of novel photocatalytic systems exhibiting higher than usual quantum efficiencies. Herein, we present protocols enabling the photoreductive deposition of Pt nanoparticles onto anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> micro-sized (1-3 mm) crystals prepared by hydrothermal growth in fluoride-containing solutions to be carried out either facet-selectively (on {101} facets only) or facet non-selectively (on both {101} and {001} facets). The photocatalytic behavior of resulting photocatalysts is studied using investigations of oxidative photodegradation of a test pollutant (4-chlorophenol, 4-CP), photocurrent measurements, and kinetic analysis of the open-circuit photopotential decay. We demonstrate that the deposition of Pt nanoparticles effectively triggers the photocatalytic degradation of 4-CP at anatase crystals which are otherwise completely inactive. The role of Pt in triggering the photocatalysis is demonstrated to consist chiefly in the catalytic enhancement of the reaction rate of oxygen reduction by photogenerated electrons. Only platinized {101} facets contribute to photocatalysis, whereas the {001} facets, in the literature often referred to as “highly reactive”, are even after platinization completely inactive, most likely due to (1 × 4) surface reconstruction upon the heat treatment necessary to decrease the amount of surface fluorides. Based on our results, we highlight the eminent role of efficient surface catalysis for effective charge separation, and provide specific design rules for further development of photocatalysts with high quantum efficiencies.

scholarly journals On the Importance of Catalysis in Photocatalysis: Triggering of Photocatalysis at Well-Defined Anatase TiO2 Crystals Through Facet-Specific Deposition of Oxygen Reduction Cocatalyst

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Adler ◽  
Dariusz Mitoraj ◽  
Igor Krivtsov ◽  
Radim Beranek
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Pt Nanoparticles ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Photogenerated Electrons ◽  
Surface Catalysis ◽  
Usual Quantum ◽  
Further Development

Well-defined anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> crystals with co-exposed {101} and {001} facets represent a promising platform for fundamental studies in photocatalysis and for the development of novel photocatalytic systems exhibiting higher than usual quantum efficiencies. Herein, we present protocols enabling the photoreductive deposition of Pt nanoparticles onto anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> micro-sized (1-3 mm) crystals prepared by hydrothermal growth in fluoride-containing solutions to be carried out either facet-selectively (on {101} facets only) or facet non-selectively (on both {101} and {001} facets). The photocatalytic behavior of resulting photocatalysts is studied using investigations of oxidative photodegradation of a test pollutant (4-chlorophenol, 4-CP), photocurrent measurements, and kinetic analysis of the open-circuit photopotential decay. We demonstrate that the deposition of Pt nanoparticles effectively triggers the photocatalytic degradation of 4-CP at anatase crystals which are otherwise completely inactive. The role of Pt in triggering the photocatalysis is demonstrated to consist chiefly in the catalytic enhancement of the reaction rate of oxygen reduction by photogenerated electrons. Only platinized {101} facets contribute to photocatalysis, whereas the {001} facets, in the literature often referred to as “highly reactive”, are even after platinization completely inactive, most likely due to (1 × 4) surface reconstruction upon the heat treatment necessary to decrease the amount of surface fluorides. Based on our results, we highlight the eminent role of efficient surface catalysis for effective charge separation, and provide specific design rules for further development of photocatalysts with high quantum efficiencies.

scholarly journals On the Importance of Catalysis in Photocatalysis: Triggering of Photocatalysis at Well-Defined Anatase TiO2 Crystals Through Facet-Specific Deposition of Oxygen Reduction Cocatalyst

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Adler ◽  
Dariusz Mitoraj ◽  
Igor Krivtsov ◽  
Radim Beranek
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Pt Nanoparticles ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Photogenerated Electrons ◽  
Surface Catalysis ◽  
Usual Quantum ◽  
Further Development

Well-defined anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> crystals with co-exposed {101} and {001} facets represent a promising platform for fundamental studies in photocatalysis and for the development of novel photocatalytic systems exhibiting higher than usual quantum efficiencies. Herein, we present protocols enabling the photoreductive deposition of Pt nanoparticles onto anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> micro-sized (1-3 mm) crystals prepared by hydrothermal growth in fluoride-containing solutions to be carried out either facet-selectively (on {101} facets only) or facet non-selectively (on both {101} and {001} facets). The photocatalytic behavior of resulting photocatalysts is studied using investigations of oxidative photodegradation of a test pollutant (4-chlorophenol, 4-CP), photocurrent measurements, and kinetic analysis of the open-circuit photopotential decay. We demonstrate that the deposition of Pt nanoparticles effectively triggers the photocatalytic degradation of 4-CP at anatase crystals which are otherwise completely inactive. The role of Pt in triggering the photocatalysis is demonstrated to consist chiefly in the catalytic enhancement of the reaction rate of oxygen reduction by photogenerated electrons. Only platinized {101} facets contribute to photocatalysis, whereas the {001} facets, in the literature often referred to as “highly reactive”, are even after platinization completely inactive, most likely due to (1 × 4) surface reconstruction upon the heat treatment necessary to decrease the amount of surface fluorides. Based on our results, we highlight the eminent role of efficient surface catalysis for effective charge separation, and provide specific design rules for further development of photocatalysts with high quantum efficiencies.

scholarly journals Ostwald Ripening of the Platinum Nanoparticles in the Framework of the Modified LSW Theory

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Vengrenovich ◽  
B. V. Ivanskii ◽  
I. I. Panko ◽  
S. V. Yarema ◽  
V. I. Kryvetskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Ostwald Ripening ◽  
Pt Nanoparticles ◽  
Parallel Mechanisms ◽  
Wagner Model ◽  
Lsw Theory ◽  
Chemical Reaction Rate ◽  
Rate Comparison

An analysis of the experimental data related to the mechanism of Pt particles sintering has been carried out using the modified LSW theory. The size distribution for the Pt nanoparticles at the stage of Ostwald ripening fits the generalized Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner model calculated with the assumption of two parallel mechanisms involved in the nanoparticles growth (dissolution): diffusion and Wagner’s (controlled by the chemical reaction rate). Comparison between the experimental histograms and the curves calculated theoretically proves the governing role of the Wagner’s mechanism (chemical reaction) in the Pt nanoparticles growth.

Role of Surface Steps of Pt Nanoparticles on the Electrochemical Activity for Oxygen Reduction

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 1316-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Woo Lee ◽  
Shuo Chen ◽  
Jin Suntivich ◽  
Kotaro Sasaki ◽  
Radoslav R. Adzic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Pt Nanoparticles ◽  
Electrochemical Activity ◽  
Surface Steps

Cognitive Health Counseling 40+

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Eschen ◽  
Franzisca Zehnder ◽  
Mike Martin
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Pilot Phase ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Health Counseling ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
Main Outcome Variable ◽  
Further Development

This article introduces Cognitive Health Counseling 40+ (CH.CO40+), an individualized intervention that is conceptually based on the orchestration model of quality-of-life management ( Martin & Kliegel, 2010 ) and aims at improving satisfaction with cognitive health in adults aged 40 years and older. We describe the theoretically deduced characteristics of CH.CO40+, its target group, its multifactorial nature, its individualization, the application of subjective and objective measures, the role of participants as agents of change, and the rationale for choosing participants’ satisfaction with their cognitive health as main outcome variable. A pilot phase with 15 middle-aged and six older adults suggests that CH.CO40+ attracts, and may be particularly suitable for, subjective memory complainers. Implications of the pilot data for the further development of the intervention are discussed.

Problems and prospects for the Russian banking supervision development in modern conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1283-1296
Author(s):  
K.A. Omarieva ◽  
P.G. Isaeva
Keyword(s):  
Banking System ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Banking Supervision ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Document Flow ◽  
Development Methods ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Development Prospects

Subject. The article addresses problems and prospects for the banking supervision development in the Russian Federation under modern conditions. Objectives. We review the essence and methods of organization of the banking supervision, and identify the main problems and prospects for its development. Methods. To provide valid, reliable and reasoned recommendations, we apply normative and integrated approaches to the study of the banking supervision effectiveness in the current circumstances. Results. The paper investigates main problems and development prospects for the Russian banking supervision. The essential importance of supervision comes from the main role of the banking system in maintaining accounts of economic entities and making settlements. Even minor failures or delays in operations can lead to negative outcomes and disastrous consequences for the entire monetary system and the national economy. Therefore, we highlight issues that require attention, and make proposals for further development of the banking supervision. Conclusions. In the context of dynamically developing economy, the banking practice is becoming more complex. As a result, there is a need for new financial instruments that can reduce risks, increase the speed and efficiency of operations and document flow, and help achieve the world levels of introduced standards.

ANALYSIS OF APPLICATION OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE BANKING SECTOR

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ilkovych ◽  
◽  
Maryna Korol ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Current State ◽  
Global Banking ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Further Development

The article considers the essence of blockchain technology and the possibility of its application in the banking sector. The current state of development and application of blockchain technologies in various industries is analyzed. The pros and cons of using blockchain technologies for the banking sector are identified. Emphasis is placed on the role of blockchain technologies in the further development of the banking sector. The most promising directions of development of this technology are considered. Particular attention is paid to examples of the use of blockchain technology by global banking institutions.

How to make Russia a prosperous industrial country (about the role of the oil production and refining complex)

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Yu. Kanataev
Keyword(s):  
Precious Metals ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Industrial Country ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Deep Processing ◽  
Domestic Technology ◽  
Petrochemical Complex ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Further Development

The author, head of the Association of science-intensive enterprises having great experience in exploration of oil, precious metals, etc. in Russia and abroad (Austria, China, Israel, Ethiopia), first implemented on an industrial scale deep processing of oil using domestic technology, discusses the problems of further development of the Russian economy through the prism of their solutions to the main industries — oil and petrochemical complex.

Cartographic production in Russia: main stages and trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 963 (9) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Chronological Order ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Enterprises ◽  
Further Development

Studying the current state of cartography and ways of further developing the industry, the role of the map in the future of the society, new methods of promoting cartographic products is impossible without a deep scientific analyzing all the paths, events and factors influencing its formation and development throughout all the historic steps of cartographic production in Russia. In the article, the history of cartographic production in Russia is considered together with the development of private, state and military cartography, since, despite some differences, they have a common technical, technological and production basis. The author describes the stages of originating, formation and growth of industrial cartographic production from the beginning of the XVIII century until now. The connection between the change of political formations and technological structures with the mentioned stages of maps and atlases production is considered. Each stage is studied in detail, a step-by-step analysis was carried out, and the characteristics of each stage are described. All the events and facts are given in chronological order, highlighting especially significant moments influencing the evolution of cartographic production. The data on the volumes of printing and sales of atlases and maps by commercial and state enterprises are presented. The main trends and lines of further development of cartographic production in Russia are studied.

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