scholarly journals Bio-inspired co-Polyesters of Hydroxy-Fatty Acids Extracted from Tomato Peel Agro-Wastes and Glycerol with Tunable Mechanical, Thermal and Barrier Properties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Marc ◽  
Regis Risani ◽  
Eric Desnoes ◽  
Xavier Falourd ◽  
Bruno pontoire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Fatty Acid Fraction ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Glycerol Content

<div> By mimicking the cutin natural polyester networks of plant cuticles, we produced hydrophobic elastomers by a sustainable process, i.e., using a catalyst- and solvent-free polycondensation of glycerol and hydroxy fatty acids, two by-products of the agro-food industry. The hydroxy fatty acid fraction was obtained by ethanolic alkaline hydrolysis of cuticle from industrial tomato. This industrial-like fatty acid fraction contained more than 90% wt. of 9(10)-16 dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid (diOHC16). The co-polyesters were designed by increasing the ratio of esterified glycerol/diOHC16 in a range observed in plant cutins (up to 6% wt.). Their structure and functional properties (thermal, mechanical, gas permeability, interaction with bacterial cells) were characterized. Increasing the glycerol contents induced a significant decrease in the crosslink density of the polyesters and the formation of crystalline domains with a hexagonal organization. These structural modifications were related to a marked increase of elastomeric extensibility (up to 217%). While water vapor permeability was not impacted, the increase of glycerol content induced a significant decrease in oxygen permeability. None of the polyesters displayed biocide activity, but an increase of glycerol content significantly reduced the adhesion of bacterial cells, potentially giving rise to antifouling applications. </div>

scholarly journals Bio-inspired co-Polyesters of Hydroxy-Fatty Acids Extracted from Tomato Peel Agro-Wastes and Glycerol with Tunable Mechanical, Thermal and Barrier Properties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Marc ◽  
Regis Risani ◽  
Eric Desnoes ◽  
Xavier Falourd ◽  
Bruno pontoire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Fatty Acid Fraction ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Glycerol Content

<div> By mimicking the cutin natural polyester networks of plant cuticles, we produced hydrophobic elastomers by a sustainable process, i.e., using a catalyst- and solvent-free polycondensation of glycerol and hydroxy fatty acids, two by-products of the agro-food industry. The hydroxy fatty acid fraction was obtained by ethanolic alkaline hydrolysis of cuticle from industrial tomato. This industrial-like fatty acid fraction contained more than 90% wt. of 9(10)-16 dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid (diOHC16). The co-polyesters were designed by increasing the ratio of esterified glycerol/diOHC16 in a range observed in plant cutins (up to 6% wt.). Their structure and functional properties (thermal, mechanical, gas permeability, interaction with bacterial cells) were characterized. Increasing the glycerol contents induced a significant decrease in the crosslink density of the polyesters and the formation of crystalline domains with a hexagonal organization. These structural modifications were related to a marked increase of elastomeric extensibility (up to 217%). While water vapor permeability was not impacted, the increase of glycerol content induced a significant decrease in oxygen permeability. None of the polyesters displayed biocide activity, but an increase of glycerol content significantly reduced the adhesion of bacterial cells, potentially giving rise to antifouling applications. </div>

scholarly journals Co-Polyesters of Hydroxy-Fatty Acids Extracted from Tomato Peel Agro-Wastes and Glycerol with Tunable 16 Mechanical, Thermal and Barrier Properties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Marc ◽  
Regis Risani ◽  
Eric Desnoes ◽  
Xavier Falourd ◽  
Bruno pontoire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Fatty Acid Fraction ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Glycerol Content

<div>By mimicking the cutin natural polyester networks of plant cuticles, we produced hydrophobic elastomers by a sustainable process, i.e., using a catalyst- and solvent-free polycondensation of glycerol and hydroxy fatty acids, two by-products of the agro-food industry. The hydroxy-fatty acid fraction was obtained by alkaline hydrolysis in ethanol of peels from industrial tomato pomaces. This industrial-like fatty acid fraction contained more than 90% wt. of 9(10)-16 dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid (diOHC16). The co46 polyesters were designed by increasing the ratio of esterified glycerol/diOHC16 in a range observed in plant cutins (up to 6% wt.). Their structure and functional properties (thermal, mechanical, gas permeability, interaction with bacterial cells) were characterized. Increasing the glycerol contents induced a significant decrease in the reticulation degree of the polyesters and the formation of crystalline domains with an hexagonal organization. These structural modifications were related to a marked increase of elastomeric extensibility (up to 217%). While water vapor permeability was not impacted, the increase of glycerol content induced a significant decrease of oxygen permeability. None of the polyesters displayed biocide activity, but an increase of glycerol content significantly reduced the adhesion of bacterial cells, potentially giving rise to antifouling applications. Finally, the increasing content of free hydroxyl groups of the co-polyesters offer opportunities of grafting and covalent substitution for tailored functionalization<br></div>

ERUCIC ACID AND CHOLESTEROL EXCRETION IN THE RAT

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 981-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Carroll ◽  
R. L. Noble
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Fraction ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Cholesterol Excretion ◽  
Fecal Cholesterol

Erucic acid has been found to increase the excretion of endogenously produced cholesterol in the rat with little change in the cholesterol concentration in the carcass except for increased concentrations in the adrenals and liver. The fecal cholesterol was identified by melting point and infrared spectrum after isolation by chromatography on alumina. It does not appear to originate in the liver since no increase was observed in the biliary excretion of cholesterol. Other homologues of oleic acid, namely eicosenoic and nervonic acid, produced similar changes in fecal cholesterol excretion, although oleic acid itself had little effect. A series of saturated fatty acids from butyric (C4) to behenic (C22) were tested and the longer chain members found to cause some increase in cholesterol excretion. Ester cholesterol accounted for much of the observed increases but varied greatly in the experiments with unsaturated fatty acids. A preparation of cerebrosides from beef spinal cord also increased the amount of cholesterol excreted in the feces. The fatty acid fraction from this preparation gave a similar result, although the cerebrosides gave rise mainly to free cholesterol and the fatty acid fraction to ester cholesterol.

Changes in the lipid content and fatty acid composition of 2nd-stage juveniles of Globodera rostochiensis after rehydration, exposure to the hatching stimulus and hatch

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. HOLZ ◽  
D. J. WRIGHT ◽  
R. N. PERRY
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Fraction ◽  
Acid Fraction

The total lipid content of the dry weight of whole cysts and 2nd-stage juveniles (J2) of Globodera rostochiensis was 17·1% in dry cysts, 20·9% in cysts soaked in distilled water (DW), 20·3% in cysts that had been in potato root diffusate (PRD) for 7 days, 7·3% in cysts that had been in PRD for 28 days and 29·2% for hatched J2. The fatty acid composition of the total lipid did not differ between dry cysts, cysts in DW and cysts in PRD for 7 days. However, major differences in the fatty acid composition of all lipid classes were found between rehydrated cysts in PRD and freshly hatched J2. After hatching, the degree of saturation and the percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids decreased and the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids increased considerably, especially in the free fatty acid fraction, where C20[ratio ]1 showed an 8-fold decrease and C20[ratio ]4 a 33-fold increase. There was a difference in the fatty acid composition of cysts in PRD for 7 days and cysts in PRD for 28 days (after most of the J2 had hatched); with increased time in PRD the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids increased and the percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids decreased in all lipid classes. Differences in the fatty acid profiles between cysts in PRD for 28 days and hatched J2 were found mainly in the free fatty acid and the non-acidic phospholipid fractions. The free fatty acid fraction of the cysts was dominated by monounsaturated fatty acids (52%), whereas the same fraction of hatched J2 contained large amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (60%). These polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially C20[ratio ]4, might play an important part in nematode–plant interactions during infection.

ERUCIC ACID AND CHOLESTEROL EXCRETION IN THE RAT

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 981-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Carroll ◽  
R. L. Noble
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Fraction ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Cholesterol Excretion ◽  
Fecal Cholesterol

Erucic acid has been found to increase the excretion of endogenously produced cholesterol in the rat with little change in the cholesterol concentration in the carcass except for increased concentrations in the adrenals and liver. The fecal cholesterol was identified by melting point and infrared spectrum after isolation by chromatography on alumina. It does not appear to originate in the liver since no increase was observed in the biliary excretion of cholesterol. Other homologues of oleic acid, namely eicosenoic and nervonic acid, produced similar changes in fecal cholesterol excretion, although oleic acid itself had little effect. A series of saturated fatty acids from butyric (C4) to behenic (C22) were tested and the longer chain members found to cause some increase in cholesterol excretion. Ester cholesterol accounted for much of the observed increases but varied greatly in the experiments with unsaturated fatty acids. A preparation of cerebrosides from beef spinal cord also increased the amount of cholesterol excreted in the feces. The fatty acid fraction from this preparation gave a similar result, although the cerebrosides gave rise mainly to free cholesterol and the fatty acid fraction to ester cholesterol.

The crop as an organ of glyceride absorption in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana L.

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1165-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. D. Hoffman ◽  
R. G. H. Downer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Fatty Acid Fraction ◽  
American Cockroach ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Triglyceride Hydrolysis

The potential of the crop to absorb the products of triglyceride hydrolysis was investigated in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Isolated sacs of crop and midgut tissue were filled with test loads containing [1-14C]palmitic acid or glyceryl tri[1-14C]palmitic acid and the efflux of label monitored. Label from both preparations was recovered primarily from the free fatty acid fraction. Inclusion of midgut lipase enhanced the rate of 14C efflux from test loads containing labelled triglycerides. Comparison of the relative rates of 14C efflux from crop and midgut sacs shows that the greatest efflux occurs from midgut, although the crop possesses the potential to effect absorption of significant amounts of hydrolysed triglyceride. The capacity of crop to absorb fatty acids was confirmed by monitoring the evolution of 14CO2 from insects in which the crop was ligated anterior to the proventriculus before they were fed a test meal containing [1-14C]palmitic acid. Ligated insects evolved 41.5% of the 14CO2 produced by non-ligated insects.

scholarly journals Comparison of Fatty Acid Profile of Edible Tissues of Wild Terrestrial Snail (Helix lucorum L. 1758) Collected in Two Province (Adana and Sinop)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 877
Author(s):  
Mustafa Göçer ◽  
İlkan Ali Olgunoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Geographical Variation ◽  
Fatty Acid Fraction ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Helix Lucorum ◽  
Edible Tissues

The aim of the present study is to compare the crude protein, fat content and fatty acids concentration of snail meat (Helix lucorum Linnaeus, 1758) obtained from Adana and Sinop Province (including 30 snail meat for both region) in Turkey. They were not statistically significant differences in fatty acid profile between two groups. But, in contrast to previous reports, may be due to geographical variation, the results show that the examined snails demonstrated a high content of fat that is between 3.74% and 4.20%. The analyses also indicated that snail meat from Adana province was richer in protein and fat content than Sinop province. In fatty acid composition for both region, monounsaturated fatty acid fraction (MUFA) was dominant followed by saturated fatty acid (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The ratio of n-3/n-6 and the content of PUFAs were found to be better in Adana province than Sinop. However, for both region, the ratio of PUFA/SFA was lower in H. lucorum than those recommended for nutritional.

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