scholarly journals Clinical and morphological case of lung cancer with generalized metastases to the internal organs

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-528
Author(s):  
Olga V. Vorobeva
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hematogenous Metastasis ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Multiple Metastases ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
The Right

Lung cancer has occupied a leading position in the structure of cancer morbidity and mortality throughout the world for many years. Lifetime diagnosis is often difficult due to the absence of any defining signs of cancer, and it is quite difficult to track the first signs of lung cancer. This is justified by the fact that the lungs are completely devoid of nerve endings and the presence of 26% of healthy lung tissue is sufficient to provide the body with the required amount of oxygen. Prolonged absence of clinical manifestations leads to late seeking medical help, which is often fatal. Description of the case. A 65-year-old patient who died at home was referred for a postmortem examination. The sectional study revealed signs of peripheral cancer of the right lung with multiple metastases in all fields of the lungs, in the liver, spleen, pancreas, with no metastases in the lymph nodes. Histological examination revealed extensive areas of tumor tissue, consisting of solid structures with glandular differentiation of tumor tissue of various sizes and shapes, with round and oval atypical nuclei. There was a pronounced polymorphism of cells, with a large number of pathological mitoses. Thrombi were detected in the lumen of the segmental and small branches of the pulmonary artery. Thus, the presented case is of particular interest for practicing physicians due to the fact that with adenocarcinoma of the lung, there were no characteristic metastases to the lymph nodes. Hematogenous metastasis occurred with the development of generalized metastases to the internal organs.

Segmental Neurofibromatosis Follows Blaschko's Lines or Dermatomes Depending on the Cell Line Affected: Case Report and Literature Review

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 353-356
Author(s):  
Fara P. Redlick ◽  
James C. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chromosome 17 ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Right

Background: Segmental neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) has the characteristic features of generalized NF-1 but is isolated to a particular segment of the body. Segmental NF-1 results from a postzygotic mutation during embryogenesis in the NF-1 gene on chromosome 17. The embryologic timing of the mutation and cell types affected predict the clinical phenotype. Objective: We present a case of a 52-year-old woman with segmental neurofibromas isolated to the right cheek and neck. We review the recent literature on the genetic and cellular differences between the various clinical manifestations of segmental NF-1. Methods: A MEDLINE search for cases of segmental neurofibromatosis was conducted. Results: In patients with segmental NF-1 presenting as neurofibromas-only, the distribution follows a neural distribution in dermatomes because the genetic mutation appears to be limited to Schwann cells. In patients with pigmentary changes only, the NF-1 mutation has been shown to occur in fibroblasts and the distribution tends to follow the lines of Blaschko. Conclusion: Our patient's neurofibromas were secondary to a postzygotic mutation in the NF-1 gene of neural crest–derived cells. This mutation most likely occurred later in embryogenesis in cells that had already differentiated to Schwann cells and were committed to the dermatomal distribution of the right neck and cheek region (C2).

Situs Inversus Totalis

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janie Spoon
Keyword(s):  
Situs Inversus ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Situs Inversus Totalis ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
The Body ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Situs Solitus ◽  
The Right

EXTERNALLY, THE HUMAN BODY appears symmetric; if a line is drawn down the middle of the body, each side appears identical. However, this is not true of the internal anatomy. For example, there is one heart, which lies in the left chest, one liver, in the right abdomen, and one stomach, in the left abdomen. The term situs refers to the position or location of an organ, specifically, the position of the atria and abdominal viscera in relation to the midline of the body.1 There are three types of situs: solitus, inversus, and ambiguous. Situs solitus refers to the normal arrangement of organs, with the right atrium, liver, gallbladder, trilobed lung, and inferior vena cava on the right side and the left atrium, stomach, spleen, bilobed lung, and descending aorta on the left side (Figures 1–3). Situs inversus totalis refers to a mirror image reversal of the normal position of the internal organs (Figures 4 and 5). 1 The incidence of situs inversus totalis is 1 in every 8,000 to 25,000 births, and the condition is most often diagnosed by radiographic examination.2Situs ambiguous, often referred to as heterotaxia, is the random arrangement of the internal organs and is associated with splenic abnormalities and congenital heart disease.3 The purpose of this column is to discuss the embryology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of situs inversus totalis and to review a case study with radiographic findings.

scholarly journals Transcoelomic and Lympho-Hematogenous Dissemination of Endometrioid Heterotopias – the Mechanism of Extragenital Endometriosis Formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
R. V. Ukrainets ◽  
Yu. S. Korneva
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Pelvic Cavity ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Normal Endometrium ◽  
Pulmonary Endometriosis ◽  
Extragenital Endometriosis ◽  
The Right

Endometriosis nowadays still a disease with an undisclosed pathogenesis. This article demonstrates and explains the possibility of different variants of dissemination of endometrioid cells in the body with the formation of foci of extragenital endometriosis in organs and tissues remote from the pelvis, complementing and confirming the theory of utero-peritoneal reflux in the development of endometriosis as the most reasonable. Endometrioid heterotopias have a more developed lymphatic network compared to the normal endometrium due to active lymphangiogenesis, and, having a tendency to invasive growth, endometrioid heterotopia is a source of endometrioid cells spreading along the direction of lymph outflow from the most typical locations (pelvic organs) with damage to the inguinal and pelvic lymph nodes. Lymphatic dissemination in adenomyosis is observed in every fourth patient, which requires revision of the surgery protocol with excision of regional lymph nodes to prevent relapses. The presence of cases of pulmonary endometriosis and endometrioid liver cysts makes hematogenic dissemination of endometriosis from the primary source in the pelvic region obvious. The most frequent localizations of endometrioid heterotopias are located near the corresponding venous plexuses of the small pelvis, the outflow from which occurs mainly through the inferior vena cava, without anatomical obstacles for hematogenic dissemination of endometrioid cells with subsequent lung damage. For liver involment, it is likely that endometriosis in the distal parts of the colon is important, the venous outflow from which is directed to the portal vein system. Endometriosis of the diaphragm – is an example transcoelomic spread with predominant location on the right dome of the diaphragm, as the right subphrenic space communicates with the pelvic cavity through the right lateral channel, which justifies the possibility of such involments of the diaphragme in context of the theory of uteroperitoneal reflux.Thus, the theory of menstrual regurgitation and the theory of hemato-lymphatic dissemination are components of a single pathogenetic model of the distribution of endometrioid cells in the body.

scholarly journals Highly Sensitive Identification of Lymphatic and Hematogenous Metastasis Routes of Novel Radiolabeled Exosomes Using Non-invasive PET Imaging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Oh Jung ◽  
Young-Hwa Kim ◽  
Seock-Jin Chung ◽  
Keon Wook Kang ◽  
Siyeon Rhee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hematogenous Metastasis ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Gamma Counter

Clinically, there has been significant interest in the use of exosomes for diagnostic applications as promising biomarkers and therapeutic applications as therapeutic vehicles. However, knowledge of in vivo physiological biodistribution of exosomes was difficult to assess until now. Physiological distribution of exosomes in the body must be elucidated for clinical application. In this study, we aimed to develop reliable and novel methods to monitor biodistribution of exosomes using in vivo PET and optical imaging.MethodsExosomes were isolated from cultured medium of 4T1, mouse breast cancer cells. Exosomes were labeled with Cy7 and 64Cu (or 68Ga). In mice, radio/fluorescent dye-labeled exosomes were injected through the lymphatic routes (footpad injection) and hematogenous metastatic routes (tail vein injection). Fluorescence and PET images were obtained and quantified. Radio-activity of ex vivo organs was measured by gamma counter.ResultsPET signals from exosomes in the lymphatic metastatic route were observed in the draining lymph nodes, which are not distinguishable with optical imaging. Immunohistochemistry revealed greater uptake of exosomes in brachial and axillary lymph nodes than inguinal lymph node. After administration through the hematogenous metastasis pathway, accumulation of exosomes was clearly observed in PET images in the lungs, liver, and spleen, showing results similar to ex vivo gamma counter data.ConclusionExosomes from tumor cells were successfully labeled with 64Cu (or 68Ga) and visualized by PET imaging. These results suggest that this cell type-independent, quick, and easy exosome labeling method using PET isotopes could provide valuable information for further application of exosomes in the clinic.

Involvement of the #12u Lymph Nodes Around the Upper Lobe Bronchi in Patients with Lung Cancer of the Right Middle Lobe, Right Lower Lobe, or Left Lower Lobe

Surgery Today ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-242
Author(s):  
Masami Sato ◽  
Yasuki Saito ◽  
Hirokazu Aikawa ◽  
Akira Sakurada ◽  
Tatsuo Tanita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Left Lower Lobe ◽  
Right Middle Lobe ◽  
The Right

An Early Gastric Cancer Patient With Pleural Metastatic Recurrence

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Asako Shimazaki ◽  
Takao Katsube ◽  
Kentaro Yamaguchi ◽  
Atsuko Usuda ◽  
Minoru Murayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Standardized Uptake Value ◽  
Carbohydrate Antigen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hematogenous Metastasis ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Metastatic Recurrence ◽  
Pleural Metastasis ◽  
The Right

A 72-year-old male patient was diagnosed with depressed-type gastric cancer in the body of stomach [preoperative diagnosis: T2 (MP), N0, M0, P0, H0, cStage IB] and underwent distal gastrectomy and D2 dissection in January 2011. The pathological classification was T1b (SM), por2, 24 × 45 mm, ly3, v1, N2 (6/14), M0, P0, CY0, H0, fStage IIA. Continuous increase of serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) followed 1-year postoperative S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy, so S-1 was resumed despite not identifying the site of recurrence. In December 2012, pleural metastasis was suspected based on fluorine 18-fluorodeoxyglucose FDG standardized uptake value 14 × 23 mm in size on the right diaphragm (pleural cavity side) found on positron emission tomography-computed tomography. No other metastasis was found. Serum CA19-9 continued to increase. In April 2013, the patient underwent thoracoscopic removal of pleural metastasis on the right diaphragm (cytology of pleural effusion: class II). Pleural metastasis of gastric cancer was diagnosed based on the same histology as the gastric tumor. Elastica van Gieson (EvG) staining showed intravascular tumor thrombus, suggesting hematogenous metastasis. The tumor markers temporarily decreased after the surgery, but started to increase again. The patient is being treated with chemotherapy on an outpatient basis.

scholarly journals Fovilles Syndrome a Case to Remember Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 1015-1017
Author(s):  
Sudikshya Acharya ◽  
Basant Pant ◽  
Avinash Chandra ◽  
Ayush Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Rare Case ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
Acute Headache ◽  
Mr Angiogram

The Foville’s Syndrome is a rare clinical feature of stroke or brain hemorrhage. This is very rare brain stem syndrome and only few cases have been reported worldwide. A case of Foville's syndrome secondary to infarction at the left paramedian pontine region, which was diagnosed and treated at Annapurna Neurological institute and allied Science, Kathmandu, Nepal. A 62 years old gentleman presented with acute headache with sudden onset of vertigo, tinnitus, slurred speech, difficulty while swallowing and numbness and hemiparesis on the right side of the body. The aim of this study was to report a rare case of Foville's syndrome with the infarction at the left paramedian pontine region. The clinical manifestations were well correlated with anatomical involvement. The CT-scan of head, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), MR-Angiogram (MRA) sequence of cerebral and carotid, etc. helped in the diagnosis of the case along with the other lab investigations.

scholarly journals Synchronous Occurrence of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and Lung Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdem R ◽  
◽  
Aykas F ◽  
Gocer M ◽  
Ozen IN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Second Primary Malignancy ◽  
Primary Malignancy ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
The Right

Hodgkin lymphoma is an uncommon neoplasm that characterized young age of onset, Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells derived from B-lymphocytes and a high cure rate, even when the patient presents with advanced metastatic spread. Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide and is still responsible for the most cancer deaths. We present an extremely rare case of coexisting Hodgkin lymphoma and lung cancer in a 67-year-old male patient. He initially presented with chest pain. Pet/ct revealed mass in the right lung and lymph nodes in the neck. Biopsy from the premaxillary lymph node was compatible with classical Hodgkin lymphoma. In terms of second primary malignancy, a biopsy was also performed from the mass in the right lung. Pathology showed a pulmonary adenocarcinoma and a right upper lobectomy was then performed. This patient was treated with gemcitabine plus docetaxel for lung cancer. At the end of treatment pet/ct was complete response including lymph nodes in the neck. Therefore, we did not give any treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma. The patient is still being followed up in remission.

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