A Taster Of An Award-Winning Conflict Resolution Training Program For Pediatric Health Professionals

In 2013, the Medical Mediation Foundation and the Evelina London Children’s Hospital initiated a project to explore the nature and impact of conflict across paediatrics. Interestingly, staff were initially reluctant to name disagreements as ‘conflict’, but widespread canvassing of experience yielded a working definition of conflict which has ‘the breakdown of trust and communication breakdown’ and "impact on the ability of staff to provide optimal care to the child" at its core. The project, based on published research with families and health professionals, provides training to staff in recognising and managing conflict and an independent mediation service available to families, patients and staff to help resolve conflict if it escalates. The Evelina Resolution Project has become a nationally recognised, award-winning training programme. Interactive, multi-disciplinary sessions (usually half days, 12-20 staff) are co-trained, combining the expertise of a senior consultant paediatrician and an experienced accredited mediator. Six month follow up of a cohort of 313 staff found that more than half had experienced a conflict with a parent or patient since doing the training and of these, 95% reported that the training had helped them to recognise the warning signs and 91% said it had helped de-escalate the conflict. Feedback from more than 1600 Evelina staff trained to date, provides consistently high ‘quality’ ratings (95% rated the training as excellent/very good), ‘relevance’ ratings (99% - very relevant/relevant) This workshop will offer a condensed version of the training and an opportunity for participants to practise and discuss the skills taught.

Download Full-text

Suicide and Voluntary Active Euthanasia: Why the Difference in Attitude?

Nursing Ethics ◽

10.1177/096973309500200208 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 161-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ian Beech

Keyword(s):

Health Professionals ◽

Ethical Principles ◽

Active Euthanasia ◽

General Consensus ◽

Working Definition ◽

Voluntary Active Euthanasia ◽

Psychological Influences ◽

The Difference ◽

Definition Of

It appears that the attitudes of health professionals differ towards suicide and voluntary active euthanasia. An acceptance of, if not an agreement with, voluntary active eutha nasia exists, while there is a general consensus that suicide should be prevented. This paper searches for a working definition of suicide, to discover ethical reasons for the negative value that suicide assumes, and also to provide a term of reference when comparing suicide with euthanasia. On arriving at a working definition of suicide, it is compared with voluntary active euthanasia. An analysis of utilitarian and deontological considerations is provided and proves to be inconclusive with respect to the ethical principles informing the attitudes of professionals. Therefore, a search for other influences is attempted; this indicates that psychological influences inform attitudes to a greater degree than ethical principles.

Download Full-text

A Working Definition of Mind

PsycCRITIQUES ◽

10.1037/a0031982 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 58 (25) ◽

Author(s):

Robert Farr

Keyword(s):

Working Definition ◽

Definition Of

Download Full-text

Establishing a Working Definition of User Experience for eHealth Interventions: A Scoping Review of Self-Reported User Experience Measures and Delphi Consultation with eHealth Researchers and Adolescents (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.25012 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Amanda S Newton ◽

Sonja March ◽

Nicole D Gehring ◽

Arlen K Rowe ◽

Ashley D Radomski

Keyword(s):

User Experience ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Intervention Development ◽

Health Condition ◽

Working Definition ◽

Perceived Impact ◽

Behavioural Factors ◽

Definition Of ◽

Ehealth Intervention

BACKGROUND Across eHealth intervention studies involving children, adolescents, and their parents, researchers have measured users’ experiences to assist with intervention development, refinement, and evaluation. To date, there are no widely agreed-on definitions or measures of ‘user experience’ to support a standardized approach for evaluation and comparison within or across interventions. OBJECTIVE We conducted a scoping review with subsequent Delphi consultation to (1) identify how user experience is defined and measured in eHealth research studies, (2) characterize the measurement tools used, and (3) establish working definitions for domains of user experience that could be used in future eHealth evaluations. METHODS We systematically searched electronic databases for published and gray literature available from January 1, 2005 to April 11, 2019. Studies assessing an eHealth intervention that targeted any health condition and was designed for use by children, adolescents, and their parents were eligible for inclusion. eHealth interventions needed to be web-, computer-, or mobile-based, mediated by the internet with some degree of interactivity. Studies were also required to report the measurement of ‘user experience’ as first-person experiences, involving cognitive and behavioural factors, reported by intervention users. Two reviewers independently screened studies for relevance and appraised the quality of user experience measures using published criteria: ‘well-established’, ‘approaching well-established’, ‘promising’, or ‘not yet established’. We conducted a descriptive analysis of how user experience was defined and measured in each study. Review findings subsequently informed the survey questions used in the Delphi consultations with eHealth researchers and adolescent users for how user experience should be defined and measured. RESULTS Of the 8,634 articles screened for eligibility, 129 and one erratum were included in the review. Thirty eHealth researchers and 27 adolescents participated in the Delphi consultations. Based on the literature and consultations, we proposed working definitions for six main user experience domains: acceptability, satisfaction, credibility, usability, user-reported adherence, and perceived impact. While most studies incorporated a study-specific measure, we identified ten well-established measures to quantify five of the six domains of user experience (all except for self-reported adherence). Our adolescent and researcher participants ranked perceived impact as one of the most important domains of user experience and usability as one of the least important domains. Rankings between adolescents and researchers diverged for other domains. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the various ways user experience has been defined and measured across studies and what aspects are most valued by researchers and adolescent users. We propose incorporating the working definitions and available measures of user experience to support consistent evaluation and reporting of outcomes across studies. Future studies can refine the definitions and measurement of user experience, explore how user experience relates to other eHealth outcomes, and inform the design and use of human-centred eHealth interventions.

Download Full-text

What is Salience?

Open Linguistics ◽

10.1515/opli-2020-0042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 713-722

Author(s):

Vincent Boswijk ◽

Matt Coler

Keyword(s):

Second Language ◽

Second Language Acquisition ◽

Language Acquisition ◽

Cognitive Linguistics ◽

Working Definition ◽

Definition Of

AbstractA commonly used concept in linguistics is salience. Oftentimes it is used without definition, and the meaning of the concept is repeatedly assumed to be self-explanatory. The definitions that are provided may vary greatly from one operationalization of salience to the next. In order to find out whether it is possible to postulate an overarching working definition of linguistic salience that subsumes usage across linguistic subdomains, we review these different operationalizations of linguistic salience. This article focuses on salience in sociolinguistics, cognitive linguistics, second-language acquisition (SLA), and semantics. In this article, we give an overview of how these fields operationalize salience. Finally, we discuss correlations and contradictions between the different operationalizations.

Download Full-text

In Search of a Standard: References to the Rule of Law in the Case-law of the European Court of Human Rights

ICL Journal ◽

10.1515/icl-2019-0040 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 43-69

Author(s):

Eszter Polgári

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Rule Of Law ◽

Case Law ◽

Council Of Europe ◽

The Rule Of Law ◽

Working Definition ◽

European Court ◽

Structured Analysis ◽

Definition Of ◽

Grand Chamber

AbstractThe present article maps the explicit references to the rule of law in the jurisprudence of the ECtHR by examining the judgments of the Grand Chamber and the Plenary Court. On the basis of the structured analysis it seeks to identify the constitutive elements of the Court’s rule of law concept and contrast it with the author’s working definition and the position of other Council of Europe organs. The review of the case-law indicates that the Court primarily associates the rule of law with access to court, judicial safeguards, legality and democracy, and it follows a moderately thick definition of the concept including formal, procedural and some substantive elements. The rule of law references are predominantly ancillary arguments giving weight to other Convention-based considerations and it is not applied as a self-standing standard.

Download Full-text

Spiritual nursing care: A concept analysis

Curationis ◽

10.4102/curationis.v35i1.28 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Lydia V. Monareng

Keyword(s):

Nursing Care ◽

Concept Analysis ◽

Operational Definition ◽

The Body ◽

Empirical Literature ◽

Spiritual Needs ◽

Optimal Care ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Group Interviews ◽

Definition Of

Although the concept ‘spiritual nursing care’ has its roots in the history of the nursing profession, many nurses in practice have difficulty integrating the concept into practice. There is an ongoing debate in the empirical literature about its definition, clarity and application in nursing practice. The study aimed to develop an operational definition of the concept and its application in clinical practice. A qualitative study was conducted to explore and describe how professional nurses render spiritual nursing care. A purposive sampling method was used to recruit the sample. Individual and focus group interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Trustworthiness was ensured through strategies of truth value, applicability, consistency and neutrality. Data were analysed using the NUD*IST power version 4 software, constant comparison, open, axial and selective coding. Tech’s eight steps of analysis were also used, which led to the emergence of themes, categories and sub-categories. Concept analysis was conducted through a comprehensive literature review and as a result ‘caring presence’ was identified as the core variable from which all the other characteristics of spiritual nursing care arise. An operational definition of spiritual nursing care based on the findings was that humane care is demonstrated by showing caring presence, respect and concern for meeting the needs not only of the body and mind of patients, but also their spiritual needs of hope and meaning in the midst of health crisis, which demand equal attention for optimal care from both religious and nonreligious nurses.

Download Full-text

The effect of multimodal comprehensive care methodology training on oral health care professionals’ empathy for patients with dementia

BMC Medical Education ◽

10.1186/s12909-021-02760-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Masaki Kobayashi ◽

Mio Ito ◽

Yasuyuki Iwasa ◽

Yoshiko Motohashi ◽

Ayako Edahiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Oral Health ◽

Health Professionals ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Oral Care ◽

Training Programme ◽

Comprehensive Care ◽

Dental Hygienists ◽

People With Dementia

Abstract Background The prevalence of oral diseases in people with dementia has increased, and patients with dementia have worse oral health than people without dementia. However, in the provision of oral care, these patients often exhibit care-resistant behaviours. Empathy is important for health care professionals who provide dental care for people with dementia. A study was conducted to assess whether a multimodal comprehensive care methodology training programme, Humanitude™, was associated with an improvement in empathy for people with dementia among oral health care professionals. Methods This research was a pre-post prospective study. A total of 45 dentists and dental hygienists participated in a 7-h multimodal comprehensive care methodology training programme. Participants’ empathy for their patients was evaluated with the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy-Health Professionals Version (JSPE-HP) before the training and 1 month after the training (primary outcome). Each participant listed 3 patients with poor oral health due to the refusal of usual oral care or dental treatment from his or her clinical practice. The oral health of the 3 care-resistant patients listed by each participant was evaluated by the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) before the training and 1 month after the training (secondary outcome). Results The post-training response rate was 87% (21 dentists and 18 dental hygienists). From pre-training to post-training, the multimodal comprehensive care methodology training significantly increased the mean empathy score (from 113.97 to 122.95, P < 0.05, effect size = 0.9). Regardless of gender, profession and years of clinical experience, all post-training subgroup scores were higher than the pre-training subgroup scores. The tongue, natural teeth, and oral hygiene scores of patients with dementia who resisted usual oral care or dental treatment, as assessed by the OHAT, were significantly improved compared with those before the training. Conclusions The multimodal comprehensive care methodology training was associated with an improvement in oral health professionals’ empathy for patients with dementia. These findings suggest that randomized controlled trials with large sample sizes will be needed. Trial registration UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR), UMIN000041687. Registered 4 September 2020 – Retrospectively registered, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000047586

Download Full-text

An Evaluation of ‘Process as Product’ in OTI Sri Lanka: A Typology of Community-Level Peacebuilding Activities and Programming Recommendation

Journal of Peacebuilding & Development ◽

10.1080/15423166.2007.198228709405 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 22-34

Author(s):

Lee R. Briggs

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

International Development ◽

Community Setting ◽

The United States ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Community Level ◽

Project Impact ◽

Working Definition ◽

Programme Development ◽

Definition Of

This paper presents a set of best practices and lessons learned from a set of 93 impact evaluations conducted on community-level, small grants activities implemented between March 2003 and September 2007 by the Sri Lanka country programme of the Office of Transition Initiatives (OTI) of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). It analyses the change theories that guided programme development and common trends in impact which emerged, and discusses ways in which programme staff can improve project impact. It provides a working definition of ‘process’, a key element of OTI's approach and a key concept used by facilitators to understand the work they do with groups and communities. It also delineates a general typology of peacebuilding projects likely to emerge in the community setting. Finally, it formulates a postulate for predicting and observing generic programme impact based upon the relative richness of process, which is considered useful for informing further research design.

Download Full-text