The antioxidant activity of seaweed salt from Sargassum polycystum in Sprague-Dawley male White rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 2601-2609
Author(s):  
Nurjanah ◽  
Asadatun Abdullah ◽  
Huda Shalahudin Darusman ◽  
Josephine Vieta Gracia Diaresty ◽  
Anggrei Viona Seulalae
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sargassum Polycystum ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Seaweed has many health benefits and has been the potential raw material for making low sodium and high potassium healthy salt. Sargassum polycystum is widely used as a low-sodium functional salt, which has a strong antioxidant capacity. However, it's in vivo potential is unknown. This research was a purpose to determine the antioxidant activity of SOD and catalase enzymes in seaweed salt through in vivo test in Sprague-Dawley rats. To achieve this, salt was produced from S. polycystum flour and distilled water at a ratio of 1:10 and heated at 40°C for 10 minutes, using a water bath. The mixture was stirred using 500 mesh nylon cloth and filter paper, then dried with an oven at 60°C for 30 hours. In vivo research method was then adopted using 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats, which were divided into 5 treatment groups. The analysis used was the treatment of commercial and seaweed salt, Sargassum polycystum, and plain water (aquades) in the test animals with 4 replications, which include each treatment group consisting of 4 Sprague-Dawley rats. Data were analyzed using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) from Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. S. polycystum salt had a Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) ratio of 0.38 and NaCl content of 49.05%. The antioxidant activity of SOD and catalase enzymes ranged between 54.09–73.40 U/mL and 0.67 – 0.79 U/mL, respectively. These values indicate that the application of S. polycystum salt is able to balance the antioxidant activity of SOD and catalase. In addition, seaweed salt has the potential to reduce cell damage due to free radicals.

scholarly journals MnTMPyP, a cell-permeant SOD mimetic, reduces oxidative stress and apoptosis following renal ischemia-reperfusion

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (2) ◽  
pp. F266-F276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Ling Liang ◽  
Gail Hilton ◽  
Jordan Mortensen ◽  
Kevin Regner ◽  
Christopher P. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Tubular Epithelial Cell ◽  
Renal Ischemia ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
A Cell

Oxidative stress and apoptosis are important factors in the etiology of renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The present study tested the hypothesis that the cell-permeant SOD mimetic manganese(III) tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (MnTMPyP) protects the kidney from I/R-mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis in vivo. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (175–220 g) underwent renal I/R by bilateral clamping of the renal arteries for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h. To examine the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in renal I/R injury, a subset of animals were treated with either saline vehicle (I/R Veh) or MnTMPyP (I/R Mn) (5 mg/kg ip) 30 min before and 6 h after surgery. MnTMPyP significantly attenuated the I/R-mediated increase in serum creatinine levels and decreased tubular epithelial cell damage following I/R. MnTMPyP also decreased TNF-α levels, gp91phox, and lipid peroxidation after I/R. Furthermore, MnTMPyP inhibited the I/R-mediated increase in apoptosis and caspase-3 activation. Interestingly, although MnTMPyP did not increase expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, it decreased the expression of the proapoptotic genes Bax and FasL. These results suggest that MnTMPyP is effective in reducing apoptosis associated with renal I/R injury and that multiple signaling mechanisms are involved in ROS-mediated cell death following renal I/R injury.

Toxicokinetic and Genotoxicity Study of NNK in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats Following Nose-Only Inhalation Exposure, Intraperitoneal Injection, and Oral Gavage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Chieh Hu ◽  
Matthew S Bryant ◽  
Estatira Sepehr ◽  
Hyun-Ki Kang ◽  
Raul Trbojevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Lung ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
New Information ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Tissue Specimens

Abstract The tobacco-specific nitrosamine NNK [4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone] is found in tobacco products and tobacco smoke. NNK is a potent genotoxin and human lung carcinogen; however, there are limited inhalation data for the toxicokinetics (TK) and genotoxicity of NNK in vivo. In the present study, a single dose of 5x10−5, 5x10−3, 0.1, or 50 mg/kg body weight (BW) of NNK, 75% propylene glycol (vehicle control), or air (sham control) was administered to male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (9-10 weeks age) via nose-only inhalation (INH) exposure for 1 hour. For comparison, the same doses of NNK were administered to male SD rats via intraperitoneal (IP) injection and oral gavage (PO). Plasma, urine, and tissue specimens were collected at designated timepoints and analyzed for levels of NNK and its major metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and tissue levels of DNA adduct O6-methylguanine by LC/MS/MS. TK data analysis was performed using a non-linear regression program. For the genotoxicity subgroup, tissues were collected at 3 hours post-dosing for comet assay analysis. Overall, the TK data indicated that NNK was rapidly absorbed and metabolized extensively to NNAL after NNK administration via the three routes. The IP route had the greatest systemic exposure to NNK. NNK metabolism to NNAL appeared to be more efficient via INH than IP or PO. NNK induced significant increases in DNA damage in multiple tissues via the three routes. The results of this study provide new information and understanding of the toxicokinetics and genotoxicity of NNK.

scholarly journals Pharmacological comparison of four biopolymeric natural gums as hemostatic agents for management of bleeding wounds: preliminary in vitro and in vivo results

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Kushwah ◽  
Nidhi Sandal ◽  
Meenakshi Chauhan ◽  
Gaurav Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Gum Tragacanth ◽  
Civilian Trauma ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies

Abstract Background Uncontrolled bleeding is one of the primary reasons for preventable death in both civilian trauma and military battle field. This study evaluates in vitro and in vivo hemostatic potential of four biopolymeric natural gums, namely, gum tragacanth, guar gum, xanthan gum, and gum acacia. In vitro evaluation of whole blood clotting time and erythrocyte agglutination assay were carried out. In vitro cytotoxicity studies with respect to each gum were done in human lymphocytes to ascertain percent cell viability. In vivo hemostatic potential of each gum (as sponge dressing and powder form) was evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats using tail bleeding assay and compared with commercially available hemostatic sponge. Other important parameters like (a) time taken for complete hemostasis, (b) amount of blood absorbed, (c) adherence strength of developed hemostatic dressing(s), (d) incidence of re-bleeding, and (e) survival of animals were also studied. Results Of the four test gums studied, xanthan gum (@3mg/ml of blood) and gum tragacanth (@35mg/ml of blood) were able to clot blood in least time (58.75±6.408 s and 59.00±2.082 s, respectively) and exhibited very good hemostatic potential in vitro. Except for xanthan gum, all other test gums did not exhibit any significant cytotoxicity at different time points till 24 h. In rat tail bleeding experiments, gum tragacanth sponge dressing and powder achieved hemostasis in least time (156.2±12.86 s and 76±12.55 s, respectively) and much earlier than commercially available product (333.3±38.84 s; p˂0.01). Conclusion Results indicate potential of gum tragacanth to be developed into a suitable hemostatic product.

Bioavailability in Vivo of Benzo[a]Pyrene Adsorbed to Diesel Particulate

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Bevan ◽  
David M. Ruggio
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Reasonable Estimate ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

To evaluate health risks associated with exposure to particulates in the environment, it is necessary to quantify the bioavailability of carcinogens associated with the particulates. Direct analysis of bioavailability in vivo is most readily accomplished by adsorbing a radiolabeled form of the carcinogen to the particulate. A sam ple of native diesel particulate collected from an Oldsmobile die sel engine that contained 1.03 μ g benzo[ a] pyrene ( BaP)/ g particulate was supplemented with exogenous [ 3 H]- BaP to pro duce a particulate containing 2.62 μ g BaP/g. To insure that elu tion of BaP from native and [3 H] -BaP-supplemented particulate was similar, in vitro analyses were performed. When using phos pholipid vesicles composed of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), 1.52% of total BaP was eluted from native particulate into the vesicles in 18 hrs; from [ 3 H] -BaP supplemented particu late, 1.68% was eluted. Using toluene as eluent, 2.55% was eluted from native particulate, and 8.25% from supplemented particulate, in 6 hrs. Supplemented particulate was then instilled intratracheally into male Sprague-Dawley rats and distribution of radioactivity was analyzed at selected times over 3 days. About 50% of radioactivity remained in lungs at 3 days following instil lation, with 30% being excreted into feces and the remainder dis tributed throughout the organs of the rats. To estimate the amount of radioactivity that entered feces through swallowing of a portion of the instilled dose, [3 H] -BaP-supplemented particu late was instilled intratracheally into rats that had a cannula sur gically implanted in the bile duct. Rate of elimination of radio activity into bile was monitored; 10.6% of radioactivity was re covered in 6 hr, an amount slightly lower than the 12.8% ex creted in 6 hrs into feces of animals with intact bile ducts. Our studies provide a quantitative description of the distribution of BaP and its metabolites following intratracheal instillation of diesel particulate. Because rates of elution of BaP in vitro are similar for native diesel particulate and particulate with supple mental [ 3H] -BaP, our results provide a reasonable estimate of the bioavailability in vivo of BaP associated with diesel particu late.

scholarly journals The in vivo Pig-a gene mutation assay is applied to study the genotoxicity of procarbazine hydrochloride in Sprague-Dawley rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Pu ◽  
Yuanyuan Deng ◽  
Xiaoyan Tan ◽  
Gaofeng Chen ◽  
Cong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Mutation Assay ◽  
Gene Mutation Assay

scholarly journals CCK-8 and CCK-58 differ in their effects on nocturnal solid meal pattern in undisturbed rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (8) ◽  
pp. R850-R860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Goebel-Stengel ◽  
Andreas Stengel ◽  
Lixin Wang ◽  
Gordon Ohning ◽  
Yvette Taché ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Molecular Forms ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Solid Meal ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
And Behavior

Various molecular forms of CCK reduce food intake in rats. Although CCK-8 is the most studied form, we reported that CCK-58 is the only detectable endocrine peptide form in rats. We investigated the dark-phase rat chow intake pattern following injection of CCK-8 and CCK-58. Ad libitum-fed male Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with CCK-8, CCK-58 (0.6, 1.8, and 5.2 nmol/kg), or vehicle. Food intake pattern was assessed during the dark phase using an automated weighing system that allowed continuous undisturbed monitoring of physiological eating behavior. Both CCK-8 and CCK-58 dose dependently reduced 1-h, dark-phase food intake, with an equimolar dose of 1.8 nmol being similarly effective (−49% and −44%). CCK-58 increased the latency to the first meal, whereas CCK-8 did not. The intermeal interval was reduced after CCK-8 (1.8 nmol/kg, −41%) but not after CCK-58. At this dose, CCK-8 increased the satiety ratio by 80% and CCK-58 by 160%, respectively, compared with vehicle. When behavior was assessed manually, CCK-8 reduced locomotor activity (−31%), whereas grooming behavior was increased (+59%). CCK-58 affected neither grooming nor locomotor activity. In conclusion, reduction of food intake by CCK-8 and CCK-58 is achieved by differential modulation of food intake microstructure and behavior. These data highlight the importance of studying the molecular forms of peptides that exist in vivo in tissue and circulation of the animal being studied.

scholarly journals Eukaryotic initiation factors and protein synthesis after resistance exercise in rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 1036-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Farrell ◽  
Jazmir M. Hernandez ◽  
Mark J. Fedele ◽  
Thomas C. Vary ◽  
Scot R. Kimball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Translational Control ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Initiation Factors ◽  
Eukaryotic Initiation Factors ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Arterial Plasma ◽  
Response To Exercise

Translational control of protein synthesis depends on numerous eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) and we have previously shown ( Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 276: E721–E727, 1999) that increases in one factor, eIF2B, are associated with increases in rates of protein synthesis after resistance exercise in rats. In the present study we investigated whether the eIF4E family of initiation factors is also involved with an anabolic response to exercise. Male Sprague-Dawley rats either remained sedentary ( n = 6) or performed acute resistance exercise ( n = 6), and rates of protein synthesis were assessed in vivo 16 h after the last session of resistance exercise. eIF4E complexed to eIF4G (eIF4E ⋅ eIF4G), eIF4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) complexed to eIF4E, and phosphorylation state of eIF4E and 4E-BP1 (γ-form) were assessed in gastrocnemius. Rates of protein synthesis were higher in exercised rats compared with sedentary rats [205 ± 8 (SE) vs. 164 ± 5.5 nmol phenylalanine incorporated ⋅ g muscle−1 ⋅ h−1, respectively; P < 0.05]. Arterial plasma insulin concentrations were not different between the two groups. A trend ( P = 0.09) for an increase in eIF4E ⋅ eIF4G with exercise was noted; however, no statistically significant differences were observed in any of the components of the eIF4E family in response to resistance exercise. These new data, along with our previous report on eIF2B, suggest that the regulation of peptide chain initiation after exercise is more dependent on eIF2B than on the eIF4E system.

Energy coupling mechanisms in host-grown Mycobacterium lepraemurium

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ishaque ◽  
C. Adapoe ◽  
L. Kato
Keyword(s):  
Energy Coupling ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Succinate Oxidation ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Mycobacterium Lepraemurium ◽  
Thiol Binding ◽  
Coupling Mechanisms ◽  
Respiratory Chain Inhibitors

Energy coupling mechanisms of Mycobacterium lepraemurium isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats lepromata were investigated. Cell-free extracts catalyzed phosphorylation coupled to the oxidation of generated NADH, added NADH, and succinate yielding P/O ratios of approximately 0.8, 0.6, and 0.4, respectively. Ascorbate oxidation alone or in the presence of cytochrome c or N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine was not coupled to ATP synthesis.The oxidative phosphorylation was completely uncoupled by 2,4-dinitrophenol, 2,6-dibromophenol, pentachlorophenol, m-chlorocarbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone, dicumarol, and gramicidin at concentrations which did not cause any inhibition of oxygen uptake. While the NADH oxidation and associated phosphate esterification was markedly sensitive to rotenone and other flavoprotein inhibitors, these inhibitors had no effect, however, on the phosphorylation coupled to succinate oxidation. The respiratory chain inhibitors such as antimycin A or 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide, and cyanide were the potent inhibitors of the phosphorylation associated with the oxidation of NADH and succinate. The ATP formation coupled to the oxidation of NADH and succinate was also inhibited by oligomycin as well as by the thiol-binding agents, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and N-ethylmaleimide. The results indicated that NADH and succinate oxidation by in vivo grown M. lepraemurium was mediated by oxidative enzymes involving first and second energy coupling sites.

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