scholarly journals THE ISSUE OF THE TRANSITION TO THE DIGITAL ROUBLE

Author(s):  
Иван Владимирович Кисаров

Цель статьи - рассмотреть причины и императивы перехода валюты в цифровое состояние. Дано определение цифрового рубля, его особенностей с экономической точки зрения. Указаны возможные технологические решения при внедрении цифровой валюты. Отражено возможное влияние ввода цифрового рубля на денежно-кредитную политику, а также предложен вариант внедрения новой формы рубля в экономику. Выделены необходимые качества, которым должен обладать цифровой рубль. Научная новизна заключается в акцентировании внимания на проблемах, которые могут возникнуть в связи с переходом к новой модели цифрового кредитно-денежного обращения. The purpose of the article is to consider the reasons and imperatives of the transition of the currency to a digital state. The author gives the definition of the digital rouble describes its features from an economic point of view. The research indicates possible technological solutions for digital currency implementation and possible impact of the introduction of the digital rouble on monetary policy. The author highlights some necessary qualities characteristic for a digital ruble. The scientific novelty is to focus on the problems that may arise from the transition to a new model of digital monetary circulation.

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 353-370
Author(s):  
Marius Lakatos Iancu

"The material and immaterial cultural patrimony of Rroma ethnicity This study aims to address a series of cultural values representative of the Rroma from the perspective of traditional trades, inherited or practiced and which define their ethnic identity. It is too unlikely to know exactly who and what the Rroma were due to the lack of sources and moreover, written studies about this ethnic group were based more on elements related to folklore or legends. Starting from the premise that, from a historical and conceptual point of view, the Rroma people have not yet defined themselves as identity anymore, for a long time the monopoly on the definition of Rroma belonged to the majority, the study aims to illustrate those cultural elements in within the community that were and are still in the contemporary period a landmark of unconditional self-definition of the Rroma. The indicators to which we refer as individuals in those situations in which we are exposed to name and qualify a group, are not only those of certified historical nature through writings, they are also established in the context of how the group expresses its material cultural heritage and immaterial that it represents. Although this concept promotes the need to know the identity of groups, the Rroma ethnic group has difficulties in terms of the identity culture displayed and the way it is perceived by society. The Rroma minority, indeed, encounters difficulties from a socio-economic point of view, the vast majority of society referring to this deficit in the situations of labeling and defining the Rroma identity. However, the Rroma ethnicity can also be defined on the basis of specific values attested by ethnicity, cultural values such as trades, crafts and customs, dress, spoken language and human values such as unity, solidarity, trust and faith. Thus, the study itself aims to illustrate those unknown or less known elements about the Rroma, exposing those cultural-traditional values that have the role of defining the identity of the Rroma not according to the socio-educational level (misery, poverty, deprived people of scruples, minority, etc.) but depending on the way in which the Rroma, both at individual and group level, relate to values of heritage elements when they define themselves. (trades practiced, Rroma peoples, elements specific to Rroma peoples) The aim of the study will most likely generate results in terms of reducing unfounded perceptions about Rroma tradition and identity and at the same time combating prejudices against this ethnic minority. Keywords: culture, Rroma, Rroma nations, identity, craftsmen "


2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1911
Author(s):  
Okey Igbonagwam ◽  
V. Joy Rose

This paper investigates the role technology can play in fostering good business practices that would deter economic corruption and extortion in developing countries. This paper first provides a problem statement with a brief description of corruption in form of bribery and extortion based on Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and its provisions. Second, we propose a definition of bribery and extortion. Our definitions indicate that, contrary to what is often claimed, many of the kinds of payments forbidden by the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act are not instances of bribery, but rather extortion. Third, we present an economic analysis of bribery and extortion and explain why they are thought to be undesirable practices from an economic point of view. Fourth, we present two case studies to support the use of technology to mitigate and facilitate business in developing countries that should improve economic and business practices.


Author(s):  
G. M. Di Giuda ◽  
V. B. Villa

Within the construction process, we find a great deal of information that interests contractors, owners, designers, project managers and all people generally involved. The aim of this research was to organize all the information related to materials, products and parts, workers, equipment. This dossier (paper, study) is structured into five parts as follows: List of resources needed for the works; Resources analysis; Definition of the acceptance conditions for every working action related to the tasks and every production phase (initial, follow-up, final controls); Waste and emissions management; H&S aspects. Our model entails the identification of working actions in the following four processing stages: transport from storage (area) to processing area, preparation of materials needed for works, materials transportation to the installation area, implementation. The research was complemented by checks and tests performed on some companies involved in the project. Then all this information was entered in the BIM object. The aim was to manage operational information with the aid of BIM model. The sheet is configured as a valid support for an exhaustive analysis of the whole work process, both from a constructive, technologies, construction techniques and economic point of view, intended as a support to an early estimate and to a later accounting.


2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 03018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Barberis ◽  
Francesco Peccianti ◽  
Luca Castellino ◽  
Thomas Bolognesi ◽  
Alessandro Bortoletto

SHIP2FAIR is a H2020 European funded project†, which aim to foster the integration of solar heat in industrial processes from the agro-food sector facilitating the integration of solar heat production in low temperature processes. Based on the assessment of the industrial process for the production of different spirits and the local solar potential in Pessione plant (TO) of Martini & Rossi – one of the four demosite of the project -, the preliminary results that guided the choice of the most suitable solar collectors (Fresnel) and the definition of the thermo-economic parameters for the solar plant are hereby presented. The preliminary assessment takes into account different perspectives from the industrial and economic point of view: the availability of suitable surfaces, the economics of the investment and the best processes to be fed by solar produced steam towards a preliminary techno-economic feasibility study. The starting points for the analysis have been the characterization of the thermal demand in terms of necessary temperature level (°C), overall consumption and time distribution. The following step has been the identification of the suitable collectors to be installed taking into account the thermal parameters presented before, the boundary conditions of the industrial facility (e.g. space available, orientation, etc.), the technical characteristics of the collector itself and the solar irradiation available considering the plant’s location. Moreover, the complex thermal facility in the factory, constituted by multiple (3) gas boilers and a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plant in two different but linked pressurized steam loops, is taken into account for the definition of the solar collectors configuration and their integration via the proper management of heat generators and storage. The calculations are based on the expected thermal (steam) production guaranteed by the solar collectors and avoided GHG based on the reduction of gas fired boilers consumption.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iolanda Lisi ◽  
Alessandra Feola ◽  
Antonello Bruschi ◽  
Andrea Pedroncini ◽  
Davide Pasquali ◽  
...  

In recent years increasing attention has been paid to environmental effects that may result from marine dredging and disposal operations. In general, the fine-grained fraction of handled sediments can be dispersed far from the intervention site as a turbidity plume, depending on the specific site and operational parameters. Starting from a literature review, this paper suggests standards for estimating and characterizing the sediment source term, for setting up far-field modeling studies and analyzing numerical results, with the aim of optimizing, also from an economic point of view, the different project, execution and monitoring phases. The paper proposes an integrated modeling approach for simulating sediment dispersion due to sediment handling operations in different marine-coastal areas (off-shore, near-shore and semi-enclosed basins). Attention is paid to the characterization of sediment source terms due to different operational phases (removal, transport and disposal). The paper also deals with the definition of accuracy level of modeling activities, with regard to the main physical processes characterizing the different marine–coastal areas and to the type of environmental critical issues near the intervention site (if any). The main relationships between modeling and monitoring are given for the different design and management phases to support the selection of appropriate technical alternatives and monitoring actions and to ensure the environmental compliance of the proposed interventions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-101
Author(s):  
Adam Hetmańczuk

Aim: In this article, the state of the discourse concerning the final goal of the modern central bank is presented, in particular the aim of price stability, understood as low and stable inflation.   Design/Research methods: The article was prepared on the basis of scientific publications in the field of monetary policy as well as materials and documents from different central banks, including the US Federal Reserve System and the European Central Bank.   Conclusions/findings: Low and stable inflation reduces uncertainty about future price developments. This facilitates decision-making for companies concerning production and investment, and for households concerning consumption and saving. From a macroeconomic point of view, price stability is a prerequisite for the efficient functioning of the economy and for achieving high growth rates. In practice, the need for a quantifiable definition has been disregarded, while only a descriptive and qualitative definition of price stability is insufficient for an effective monetary policy and the implementation of the anti-inflationary mission by the central bank.


2006 ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Milov

Recently the idea of transforming Russia into an "energy superpower" has become quite popular. But is this a definition of economic nature? And if yes, can Russia reach this status and benefit from it from the economic point of view? The article argues that this idea is mostly of a political, non-economic character, and that possible actions associated with proclaiming Russia an "energy superpower" cannot bring economic benefits to the country. Besides, the present policy model in the energy sector chosen by the Russian authorities can lead to negative results.


2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Bulajić ◽  
Miomir Despotović ◽  
Thomas Lachmann

Abstract. The article discusses the emergence of a functional literacy construct and the rediscovery of illiteracy in industrialized countries during the second half of the 20th century. It offers a short explanation of how the construct evolved over time. In addition, it explores how functional (il)literacy is conceived differently by research discourses of cognitive and neural studies, on the one hand, and by prescriptive and normative international policy documents and adult education, on the other hand. Furthermore, it analyses how literacy skills surveys such as the Level One Study (leo.) or the PIAAC may help to bridge the gap between cognitive and more practical and educational approaches to literacy, the goal being to place the functional illiteracy (FI) construct within its existing scale levels. It also sheds more light on the way in which FI can be perceived in terms of different cognitive processes and underlying components of reading. By building on the previous work of other authors and previous definitions, the article brings together different views of FI and offers a perspective for a needed operational definition of the concept, which would be an appropriate reference point for future educational, political, and scientific utilization.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Otto Gomes Batista ◽  
Alexandre Gomes De Carvalho

Contrast-detail (C-D) curves are useful in evaluating the radiographic image quality in a global way. The objective of the present study was to obtain the C-D curves and the inverse image quality figure. Both of these parameters were used as an evaluation tool for abdominal and chest imaging protocols. The C-D curves were obtained with the phantom CDRAD 2.0 in computerized radiography and the direct radiography systems (including portable devices). The protocols were 90 and 102 kV in the range of 2 to 20 mAs for the chest and 80 kV in the range of 10 to 80 mAs for the abdomen. The incident air kerma values were evaluated with a solid state sensor. The analysis of these C-D curves help to identify which technique would allow a lower value of the entrance surface air kerma, Ke, while maintaining the image quality from the point of view of C-D detectability. The results showed that the inverse image quality figure, IQFinv, varied little throughout the range of mAs, while the value of Ke varied linearly directly with the mAs values. Also, the complete analysis of the curves indicated that there was an increase in the definition of the details with increasing mAs. It can be concluded that, in the transition phase for the use of the new receptors, it is necessary to evaluate and adjust the practised protocols to ensure, at a minimum, the same levels of the image quality, taking into account the aspects of the radiation protection of the patient.


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