scholarly journals PROSES MORFOLOGI DERIVASIONAL DAN INFLEKSIONAL DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS DAN BAHASA ARAB DERIVATIONAL AND INFLECTIONAL MORPHOLOGY PROCESS IN ENGLISH AND ARABIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Khoironi Arianto
Keyword(s):  
Inflectional Morphology

Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah membandingkan pembentukan kata antara bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Arab. Setiap bahasa yang dianalisis akan dijabarkan pembentukan kata menurut proses Infleksional dan derivasional. Sumber data bahasa Arab diambil dari buku durusul lughoh alḉarobiyyah jilid 1—3 dan Alquran, sedangkan sumber data bahasa Inggris didapatkan dari kamus bahasa Inggris. Data penelitian berupa kosakata di dalam bahasa Arab dan bahasa Inggris yang mengalami perubahan bentuk sesuai dengan proses infleksional dan derivasional. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat persamaan dan perbedaan dalam proses pembentukan morfologis bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Arab. Persamaannya terdapat dalam proses pembentukan kata secara infleksional yang terdiri atas afiksasi, nonafiksasi, dan bentuk tetap; sedangkan perbedaannya terlihat pada proses derivasional. Derivasional pada bahasa Inggris meliputi afiksasi, nonafiksasi, dan bentuk tetap, sedangkan derivasional dalam bahasa Arab hanya terjadi pada proses afiksasi.

The Effect of Phonological Realization of Inflectional Morphology in French: ERP Evidence

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Frenck-Mestre ◽  
Alice Foucart ◽  
Judith McLaughlin ◽  
Lee Osterhout
Keyword(s):  
Inflectional Morphology

Spoken and written production of inflectional morphology among L1 Mandarin speakers of English

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 104250
Author(s):  
Qingyuan Gardner ◽  
Holly P. Branigan ◽  
Vasiliki Chondrogianni
Keyword(s):  
Inflectional Morphology ◽  
Written Production ◽  
Mandarin Speakers

scholarly journals Regular and Irregular Inflection in Different Groups of Bilingual Children and the Role of Verbal Short-Term and Verbal Working Memory

Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Elma Blom ◽  
Evelyn Bosma ◽  
Wilbert Heeringa
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Inflectional Morphology ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Linguistic Distance

Bilingual children often experience difficulties with inflectional morphology. The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate how regularity of inflection in combination with verbal short-term and working memory (VSTM, VWM) influences bilingual children’s performance. Data from 231 typically developing five- to eight-year-old children were analyzed: Dutch monolingual children (N = 45), Frisian-Dutch bilingual children (N = 106), Turkish-Dutch bilingual children (N = 31), Tarifit-Dutch bilingual children (N = 38) and Arabic-Dutch bilingual children (N = 11). Inflection was measured with an expressive morphology task. VSTM and VWM were measured with a Forward and Backward Digit Span task, respectively. The results showed that, overall, children performed more accurately at regular than irregular forms, with the smallest gap between regulars and irregulars for monolinguals. Furthermore, this gap was smaller for older children and children who scored better on a non-verbal intelligence measure. In bilingual children, higher accuracy at using (irregular) inflection was predicted by a smaller cross-linguistic distance, a larger amount of Dutch at home, and a higher level of parental education. Finally, children with better VSTM, but not VWM, were more accurate at using regular and irregular inflection.

Tying up loose ends

Diachronica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
John McWhorter
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Inflectional Morphology

Since the introduction of the Creole Prototype hypothesis in 1998, much of the controversy it has occasioned has centered on a question as to whether it is scientifically appropriate to reconstruct creoles as born as pidgins, rather than as results of only moderately transformational second-language acquisition or as simply mixtures of ‘features’ from assorted languages coming together. This paper first outlines traits in creoles that reveal their origin in pidgins. Then, the paper refines the characterization of the Creole Prototype’s three features, regarding inflectional morphology, tone, and compositionality of derivation-root combinations. The inflectional component is refined to incorporate Booij’s (1993) distinction between contextual and inherent inflection and Kihm’s (2003) proposal that inflectional morphology can be either bound or free. The tonal stipulation is refined in view of traits of Mon-Khmer phonology that distinguish these languages from creoles despite their analyticity, and the grammatical uses of tone in some creoles such as Papiamentu and Principense. Finally, for the derivational component, an account is proposed for the noncompositionality of reduplicated forms that have been observed in many creoles. The conclusion is that there remains a synchronic characterization possible only in languages recently born from pidgins, and impossible of older (i.e. most) languages.

scholarly journals ARIES: A lexical platform for engineering Spanish processing tools

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSÉ M. GOÑI ◽  
JOSÉ C. GONZÁLEZ ◽  
ANTONIO MORENO
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Inflectional Morphology ◽  
Type Checking ◽  
Efficient Retrieval ◽  
Software Interfaces ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Run Time ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Unification Grammar

We present a lexical platform that has been developed for the Spanish language. It achieves portability between different computer systems and efficiency, in terms of speed and lexical coverage. A model for the full treatment of Spanish inflectional morphology for verbs, nouns and adjectives is presented. This model permits word formation based solely on morpheme concatenation, driven by a feature-based unification grammar. The run-time lexicon is a collection of allomorphs for both stems and endings. Although not tested, it should be suitable also for other Romance and highly inflected languages. A formalism is also described for encoding a lemma-based lexical source, well suited for expressing linguistic generalizations: inheritance classes, lemma encoding, morpho-graphemic allomorphy rules and limited type-checking. From this source base, we can automatically generate an allomorph indexed dictionary adequate for efficient retrieval and processing. A set of software tools has been implemented around this formalism: lexical base augmenting aids, lexical compilers to build run-time dictionaries and access libraries for them, feature manipulation libraries, unification and pseudo-unification modules, morphological processors, a parsing system, etc. Software interfaces among the different modules and tools are cleanly defined to ease software integration and tool combination in a flexible way. Directions for accessing our e-mail and web demonstration prototypes are also provided. Some figures are given, showing the lexical coverage of our platform compared to some popular spelling checkers.

Regularity vs anomaly: the acquisition of Hebrew inflectional morphology

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth A. Berman
Keyword(s):  
Inflectional Morphology ◽  
Distinct Root ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
Lexical Exceptions ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
And Gender

ABSTRACTThe paper examines the acquisition of selected aspects of the inflectional system of Modern Hebrew, a language rich in bound morphology. By age three, children acquire the major inflectionally marked categories of the system, in the sense that they make semantically relevant distinctions of tense, person, number, and gender. Certain morphologically complex forms are simplified by neutralization or reformulation or by analytic paraphrases of bound constructions. Various anomalous forms are handled by regularization of lexical exceptions or by conflating forms belonging to different lexical patterns, while forms which are opaque due to neutralization of historically distinct root consonants or to inaccessibility of rules governing their alternations are processed by reference to certain ‘paradigms’ taken as basic.

Inflection and the Paradigm in German Nouns

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Pounder
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Inflectional Morphology ◽  
Structure Dynamic ◽  
Morphological Component ◽  
Process Framework ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Modern Standard

The paper presents an analysis of noun inflection in Modern Standard German within a process framework. Familiar issues in the description of German inflectional morphology are discussed, such as analysis of weak nouns and of plural formation, and the establishment of inflectional classes, as well as broader theoretical issues such as postulation of identity relations (“zeros”). The elements of a process morphology are elaborated, including some that deviate from well-known models, such as recognition of a dynamic morphological component distinct from the static lexicon, expression of morphological semantics in the morphological component, and formalization of the notion of a paradigm. The paradigm is claimed to be an essential morphological structure, dynamic in nature, responsible for organization of the inflectional system and ensuring, in cooperation with operations applied to stems, correct sequencing and selection of these inflectional operations. It is also concluded that the inflectional class, derivative of the paradigm, may be a useful construct in some languages (including German), but is not a necessary one for all inflecting languages.

Latent Topic Model for Indexing Arabic Documents

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Ayadi ◽  
Mohsen Maraoui ◽  
Mounir Zrigui
Keyword(s):  
Topic Model ◽  
Inflectional Morphology ◽  
Arabic Text ◽  
Text Representation ◽  
Text Documents ◽  
Latent Topic ◽  
Latent Topics ◽  
F Measure

In this paper, the authors present latent topic model to index and represent the Arabic text documents reflecting more semantics. Text representation in a language with high inflectional morphology such as Arabic is not a trivial task and requires some special treatments. The authors describe our approach for analyzing and preprocessing Arabic text then we describe the stemming process. Finally, the latent model (LDA) is adapted to extract Arabic latent topics, the authors extracted significant topics of all texts, each theme is described by a particular distribution of descriptors then each text is represented on the vectors of these topics. The experiment of classification is conducted on in house corpus; latent topics are learned with LDA for different topic numbers K (25, 50, 75, and 100) then the authors compare this result with classification in the full words space. The results show that performances, in terms of precision, recall and f-measure, of classification in the reduced topics space outperform classification in full words space and when using LSI reduction.

scholarly journals The case for morphophonological intervention: Evidence from a Greek-speaking child with speech difficulties

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleftheria Geronikou ◽  
Maggie Vance ◽  
Bill Wells ◽  
Jenny Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Speech Sound ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Inflectional Morphology ◽  
Speech Sound Disorders ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Assessment Scores ◽  
Single Subject Research ◽  
Language Difficulties ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
And Control

Intervention with children with speech and language difficulties has been proven beneficial compared with no treatment yet, knowing what type of intervention to provide remains a challenge. Studies of English-speaking children indicate that intervention targeting the production of morphological targets may have a positive effect on phonological aspects and vice versa. However, studies have not reported on generalization effects to untreated morphemes and little is yet known about morphological intervention in the context of a highly inflected language. The purpose of the current intervention case study was to investigate the effect of intervention in relation to phonological and morphological targets in Greek, a language characterized by complex inflectional morphology. A single subject research design was used with pre- and post-intervention assessment carried out. The participant was a four-year-old Greek-speaking boy with speech difficulties. The production of /s/, a phoneme used in multiple phonological and morphological contexts was targeted with alternating focus of intervention between phonological and morphological targets. Assessment took place at two levels: macro-assessment to monitor broad changes in speech; micro-assessment to measure therapy-specific changes in the production of treated targets and generalization to untreated targets and control items. There were four phases of intervention with a total of 24 hours of therapy. Significant improvement in performance accuracy was found between assessment scores immediately pre- and post-intervention. Intervention targeting the production of a phoneme in the word stem was not sufficient to accomplish the accurate production of morphemes requiring the same phoneme; intervention directly targeting morphemes was successful. Within-domain generalization was observed in both domains. Improved naming accuracy was observed post-intervention that was maintained at follow-up. The present study supports the case for morphophonological intervention. Morphological elements should be addressed in a comprehensive intervention for speech sound disorders.

Acquisition of Estonian: some typologically relevant features

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reili Argus
Keyword(s):  
Inflectional Morphology ◽  
Relevant Feature ◽  
European Language ◽  
Lexical Aspect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Morphological System

AbstractMost previous approaches to the acquisition of morphology have focused on the acquisition of inflectional morphology of some Indo-European language; there are fewer studies on the acquisition of languages with a rich morphological system, in-cluding the Finno-Ugric languages. Among the Finno-Ugric languages the acquisition of Estonian has been a largely neglected area. The article discusses the impact of the typological peculiarity of a language on the acquisition of the inflectional morphology of Estonian. At first some assumptions will be made concerning the impact of the general richness of the Estonian morphological system on the speed of the acquisition of inflectional morphology followed by the analyses of the acquisition of individual typologically relevant features. The article discusses the acquisition of inflectional and analytic means of expression, the acquisition of gradation as a typologically relevant feature of Estonian, the acquisition of the lexical aspect of Estonian, and the acquisition of the case of the object as the principal means of expressing the aspect. The conclusions are based on the data from the previous articles by the author and the Estonian subcorpus of Vija, Argus, and Triplets in CHILDES.

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