Association between Metabolic Syndrome with Subclinical Hypothyroidism

AbstractIntroduction. Endothelial dysfunction has been considered as one of the important factors in pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome (Met S). Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) has also been reported to be associated with Met S. The aim of our study is to evaluate the association of raised TSH with mediators of endothelial dysfunction in Met S with Subclinical hypothyroidism as compared to healthy controls.Methods. Study population consisted of 100 subjects, out of which 50 were cases of Met S and 50 were healthy controls. Met S group were further divided into two, based on the presence & absence of SCH. Serum insulin, T3, T4, TSH were measured by chemiluminescence based immunoassay (CLIA). Serum nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured by Modified Griess’s method and serum endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels were measured by ELISA.Results. Out of 50 cases of Met S, SCH was diagnosed in 22. The mean serum TSH levels were significantly higher in Met S cases as compared to healthy controls (5.7 ± 1.2 μIU/mL vs. 2.3 ± 1.6 μIU/mL, P <0.0001). Mean serum NO levels were significantly lower in Met S cases as compared to healthy control (15.4 ± 10 μM vs. 21 ± 10 μM, p = 0.009). Mean serum ET-1 levels were significantly higher in Met S cases as compared to healthy controls (2.68 ± 1.7 fmol/mL vs. 2.1 ± 0.84 fmol/mL, p = 0.011). On Pearson’s correlation analysis, TSH showed positive correlation with ET-1 (r = 0.341, p = 0.001) and negative correlation with NO (r = −0.331, p = 0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that TSH, NO and ET-1 has significant odd’s ratio for predicting Met S.Conclusion. Met S cases were screened for thyroid abnormalities and found to have 44% of SCH along with co-existing endothelial dysfunction. Raised TSH in SCH could cause endothelial dysfunction which may lead to Met S and associated co-morbidities. Present study gives new insight in linking endothelial dysfunction and raised TSH in Met S. Therefore, Met S cases should be screened for SCH and treated appropriately to attenuate endothelial dysfunction and associated comorbidities in Met S.

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The Endocrine and Metabolic Characteristics of a Large Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Clinic Population

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2017-01459 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 103 (5) ◽

pp. 1834-1841 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Safa Mujahid ◽

Katharine F Hunt ◽

Yee S Cheah ◽

Elizabeth Forsythe ◽

Jonathan M Hazlehurst ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽

Matched Control ◽

Genetic Diagnosis ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Bardet Biedl Syndrome ◽

Metabolic Characteristics ◽

Control Subjects ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract Context Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in which previous reports have described obesity and a metabolic syndrome. Objective We describe the endocrine and metabolic characteristics of a large BBS population compared with matched control subjects. Design We performed a case-control study. Setting This study was performed at a hospital clinic. Patients Study patients had a clinical or genetic diagnosis of BBS. Main Outcome Measurements Our study determined the prevalence of a metabolic syndrome in our cohort. Results A total of 152 subjects were studied. Eighty-four (55.3%) were male. Mean (± standard deviation) age was 33.2 ± 1.0 years. Compared with age-, sex-, and body mass index–matched control subjects, fasting glucose and insulin levels were significantly higher in subjects with BBS (glucose: BBS, 5.2 ± 1.2 mmol/L vs control, 4.9 ± 0.9 mmol/L, P = 0.04; insulin: BBS, 24.2 ± 17.0 pmol/L vs control, 14.2 ± 14.8 pmol/L, P < 0.001). Serum triglycerides were significantly higher in subjects with BBS (2.0 ± 1.2 mmol/L) compared with control subjects (1.3 ± 0.8 mmol/L; P < 0.001), but total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein were similar in both groups. Systolic blood pressure was higher in the BBS group (BBS, 135 ± 18 mm Hg vs control subjects, 129 ± 16 mm Hg; P = 0.02). Alanine transaminase was raised in 34 (26.8%) subjects with BBS, compared with five (8.9%) control subjects (P = 0.01). The rate of metabolic syndrome, determined using International Diabetes Federation criteria, was significantly higher in the BBS group (54.3%) compared with control subjects (26% P < 0.001). Twenty-six (19.5%) of male subjects with BBS were hypogonadal (serum testosterone, 9.9 ± 5.3 mmol/L), but significant pituitary abnormalities were uncommon. Subclinical hypothyroidism was present in 24 of 125 (19.4%) patients with BBS, compared with 3 of 65 (4.6%) control subjects (P = 0.01). Conclusions Insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome are increased in adult patients with BBS compared with matched control subjects. Increased subclinical hypothyroidism in the BBS cohort needs further investigation.

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The lipid profile in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and metabolic syndrome

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.35.p1068 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Vesna Popovic Radinovic ◽

Zorica Rasic Milutinovic ◽

Jelena Tica Jevtic ◽

Marina Vujovic ◽

Milena Lackovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Subclinical Hypothyroidism

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Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in metabolic syndrome: our experience from Karnataka

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20213202 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Praveen R. Badri ◽

Tanveer Ahmed ◽

Anant Arunrao Takalkar

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽

General Medicine ◽

Female Gender ◽

Iodine Intake ◽

Overt Hypothyroidism ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

And Gender

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a collection of factors which can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes. Subclinical hypothyroidism is a state of mild thyroid failure. There are few factors which increase the risk for developing subclinical hypothyroidism such as female gender, advanced age and greater dietary iodine intake. Subclinical hypothyroidism as it is more common than overt hypothyroidism. Objectives were to study prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in patients of metabolic syndrome and its association with demographic and clinical parameters.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on patients attending General Medicine OPD and in-patients admitted at Navodaya Medical College and Hospital, Raichur including 103 cases of metabolic syndrome. The data was analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) 24.0 version.Results: Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in our study was 30.1%. Majority were from 41-50 years age group i.e., 9 (29%) and majority were females i.e., 17 (54.8%). We did not find any association between Subclinical hypothyroidism and gender (p>0.05). Prevalence of overweight in our study among SCH was 35.5% compared to 18.1% of normal patients. Elevated levels of TG were observed in 64 i.e., 62.1%, elevated TC 23.3%, elevated levels of LDL in 30.1% patients.Conclusions: Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in our study was 30.1%. Majority were from 41-50 years age group i.e., 29% and majority were females i.e., 17 (54.8%). We did not find any association between subclinical hypothyroidism and body mass index (BMI) in our study.

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ASSOCIATION OF SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM IN METABOLIC SYNDROME PATIENTSASSOCIATION OF SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM IN METABOLIC SYNDROME PATIENTS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i9.26734 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 188

Author(s):

Jennifer S Suhashini ◽

Savitha G

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Low Density ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tsh Levels

Objectives: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is also the major risk for cardiovascular disease like metabolic syndrome (MetS). Hence, the aim of this study is to assess the association of SCH in MetS patients.Materials and Methods: Ninety patients reporting to Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals were enrolled in the study which includes 40 patients with MetS and 40 healthy individuals. 5 ml of venous blood was collected and centrifuged. Then, it is analyzed for fasting blood sugar, serum triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) using the standard kit method. Then, Free T3, Free T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were estimated by ELISA method. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS software.Results: SCH is 20% in cases when compared to 4.4% in controls, which was significant, p=0.024. The biochemical parameters were compared between the study population fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and VLDL cholesterol was statistically significant, with p<0.001. TSH levels showed significant difference between two groups with the p=0.002.Conclusion: MetS patients should be screened for the SCH as an important risk factor in evaluation protocol. Mere correction of TSH levels can reverse the associated morbidity in these patients rather than leaving them untreated pushing them to a state of overt hypothyroidism with its attendant complications.

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Association between subclinical hypothyroidism and metabolic syndrome among individuals with depression

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.080 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 264 ◽

pp. 494-497 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Moon-Doo Kim ◽

Hyun-Ju Yang ◽

Na Ri Kang ◽

Joon Hyuk Park ◽

Young-Eun Jung

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Subclinical Hypothyroidism

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Effect of subclinical hypothyroidism on indices of metabolic syndrome

International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences ◽

10.22376/ijpbs.2020.11.2.b19-23 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 19-23

Author(s):

KANDPAL AJAY ◽

BIST ANKITA ◽

A SUMITHA ◽

R DHANASEKARAN.

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Subclinical Hypothyroidism

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Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Subclinical and Overt Hypothyroidism Visiting Tertiary Care Centre of Western Nepal

Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/jucms.v8i1.29822 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 33-37

Author(s):

Amit Chandra Jha ◽

Kedar Nath Koirala ◽

Archana Jayan ◽

Narayan Gautam ◽

Raju Kumar Dubey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Hormone Deficiency ◽

Overt Hypothyroidism ◽

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk

INTRODUCTION: Hypothyroidism is a syndrome resulting from thyroid hormone deficiency. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities is associated with increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thyroid hormones are major regulatory hormones that control the rate of metabolic function; thus, alteration in the levels of these hormones may be associated with MetS. The objective of our study was to find out the prevalence of MetS in subclinical and overt hypothyroidism. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A hospital-based cross sectional study was conducted at Universal College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital (UCMS-TH) Bhairahawa from March to September 2019. A total of 222 hypothyroid patients were enrolled in this study. MetS was diagnosed by National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III; 2005) revision criteria. The anthropometric indices were recorded. fT3, fT4 and TSH were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) method and other biochemical parameters were estimated by colorimetric method. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 16.0. RESULTS: Patients were aged between 10 and 60 years, with a mean age of 38.89 years. The prevalence of MetS was 44.1% of which 80.6% were females. Furthermore, the prevalence of MetS was found to be 43.7% in subclinical hypothyroidism and 46.6% in overt hypothyroidism. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of MetS is high in both overt and subclinical hypothyroidism. Screening for MetS in patients with hypothyroidism can reduce the risk for CVD, as well as the mortality rate and mortality associated with it.

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