scholarly journals The Role of the Old Believer Bishop Methodius in Maintaining the Spirituality of the Peasants in the Village of Pavlovsk, Yakutsk Region at the Turn of the 19th – 20th Centuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
M. D. Kushnareva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Spiritual Support ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Village

The article is devoted to the study of the contribution of the Old Believer Bishop Methodius to the formation of the spirituality of the communities of the outlying territories of the Russian Empire. The main purpose of the publication is to analyze the role of Bishop Methodius in maintaining the spirituality of the peasants in the village of Pavlovsk, Yakutsk Region at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. Achievement of this goal presupposes the widespread use of previously unpublished and not introduced into scientific circulation sources, some of which have been preserved in the author's personal archive. The article examines the stages of formation and features of the religious life of the Old Believer community of Russian peasant migrants in Pavlovsk, Yakutsk region. The publication mentions some facts of the biography of Bishop Methodius, in whose subordination were the Old Believer communities of the Tomsk, Irkutsk, Yenisei provinces, Amur, Yakutsk, Trans-Baikal regions. It is noted that Methodius was accused of spreading the “schism” and hiding from the persecution of the authorities in Kuytun of the Trans-Baikal region. Here he conducted religious rituals and corresponded with the headman of the Old Believer community of Pavlovsk – P. I. Kushnarev. In his letters, Methodius provided spiritual support to fellow believers, explained the peculiarities of understanding religious texts, the essence of church rituals. The article describes the arrest, imprisonment and the last months of the life of Bishop Methodius in Vilyuisk. In 1908 P. I. Kushnarev transported the remains of Methodius to the Old Believers' cemetery in Pavlovsk, Yakutsk region. During the period of persecution of the clergy of the Old Believer Church, Methodius' activities to strengthen and maintain the spirituality of fellow believers became an example for his followers. In 1905-1913 prominent representatives of the Old Believer Church visited Pavlovsk: Bishop Anthony, Bishop Joseph of Eastern Siberia. The article presents their unique photographs from the personal archive of the author. Currently, Bishop Methodius has been canonized. Every year the place of his burial in Pavlovsk, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), is visited by pilgrims from all regions of modern Russia.

scholarly journals The Role of Trade Customs in the Legal Regulation of the Fur Trade in the Russian Empire (Based on Materials from North-Eastern Siberia in the Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Centurу)

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
M. D. Kushnareva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fur Trade ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
North East ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Russian Empire

The main purpose of the publication is to analyze the role of trade customs in the process of legal regulation of the organization of the fur trade in the north-east of Siberia in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. Achieving this goal presupposes an analysis of the norms of the legislative sources of the trade law of the Russian Empire during the period of modernization. The analysis of trade customs is based on examples from previously unpublished and unreported archival sources. Analyzed cash, trade books of firms “N. D. Everstov”, “G. V. Nikiforov”, ‘G. V. Nikiforov and Co”, “I. P. Antipin and G. V. Nikiforov”, Joint Stock Company of Match and Fur Factory “N. P. Rylov and F. P. Lesnikov”, containing records of transactions concluded on the basis of trade customs. The topic is of theoretical and applied relevance. The article is of an interdisciplinary nature. To solve the set tasks, comparative, problem-chronological methods, as well as functional and comparative legal methods of jurisprudence were applied in the work. The author determined that the synthesis of the norms of customary law of the indigenous population of North-Eastern Siberia with the norms of general imperial laws led to the formation of a complex of trade customs in the industry. The article analyzes the practice of implementing such trade customs in the fur trade, such as: accrual of debt to fishers and its transition to the next fishing season, unequal exchange, fixing commercial information in personal correspondence. As the main conclusions, it was noted that the trade customs in the fur trade were superior to the norms of the Trade Charter and other legislative acts of the state. This was facilitated by the special historical conditions and specificity of the legal consciousness of society in the outskirts of the Russian Empire. The development of commodity-money relations and the state policy of legislative convergence of the legal status of the indigenous and Russian population of the outlying territories of Siberia contributed to a gradual decrease in the role of trade customs in the fur trade at the beginning of the 20th century.

scholarly journals The Burden of the Empire and the Vocation of Russia: George Fedotov’s Philosophy of History

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Klepikova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Ivan The Terrible ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Creative Role

The paper discusses the philosophical and historical doctrine of the Russian philosopher and historian George Petrovich Fedotov. The author focuses on the analysis of imperial issues in the works of G.P. Fedotov, especially of his views on the cultural history of the Russian empire and the essence of imperial project in Russia. Fedotov reconsiders the historical experience and revolutionary catastrophe of Russia and searches for the foundations of the social and cultural processes determining the events of Russian history. Fedotov’s works offer a variety of interpretations of the political and cultural phenomenon of empire. This reflects his evolution as a philosopher of history: the focus of his vision shifts from the Medieval Rus to the Empire of Peter the Great, then to the collapsed empire of Nicholas II and finally to the USSR (the latter was also an empire according to him). Fedotov’s concept of Empire evolves into a timeless cultural-philosophical phenomenon but originates from the historical description of the centralization of power in the feudal monarchy of Ivan the Terrible. The evolution of the philosophical and historical views of Fedotov is influenced by the changes of his attitude to the historical conception of Klyuchevsky. In the 1940s Fedotov considers the empire as a universal idea. The concept of empire proposed by Fedotov gives an understanding of the Russian historical development, especially the causes of the decline and fall of the Russian Empire. Fedotov associates the cause of the salvation of Russia with the study of ancient Russian culture, in which he founds a moral and political ideal of the “Republic of Saint Sophia.” The paper shows heuristic potential of Fedotov’s cultural and philosophical ideas on the vocation of spiritual elite and the creative role of personality in the process of nation-building.

Latviešu strēlnieku vēsturiskās nozīmes jautājums starpkaru publicistikā

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Vitālijs Šalda
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Army Soldiers ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article is devoted to the analysis of the work of Latvian publicists of the interwar period of the Republic of Latvia, who wrote about the role of Latvian riflemen in the history. There were several pronounced tendencies in Latvian publicistics: highlighting of the performance of the „old” Latvian riflemen, attributing the merits of Latvian National Army soldiers to the soldiers of established Republic of Latvia; concealing of the participation of „red” Latvian riflemen in the Russian Civil War; explaining the participation of the „red” Latvian riflemen in the Russian Civil War as a struggle for the destruction of the Russian Empire and the establishment of the Republic of Latvia and other national states on the ruins of this empire, combining and evaluating the achievements of „old” and „red” riflemen. The author also gives his own vision on the historical significance of Latvian riflemen.

scholarly journals ACQUISITION OF THE GARRISON OF THE HOLY CROSS FORTRESS (1722-1735): BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE CENTRAL STATE ARCHVE OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-279
Author(s):  
Magomed-Pasha B. Abdusalamov ◽  
Nikolay D. Chekulayev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Officer Corps ◽  
Central State ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Russian Empire

Introduction. In article mainly on the basis of materials of the Central state archive of the Republic of Dagestan history of stay of the Russian imperial troops in Dagestan of the first third of the XVIII century is reconstructed. Authors of article from objective positions, taking into account achievements of domestic Caucasus studies on the basis of deep studying, the analysis and generalization of archival materials set as the purpose to define a role of garrison of fortress of the Sacred Cross in implementation of the Caucasian policy by the Russian Empire in Dagestan. In article the system of completing of garrison of the Sacred Cross is considered, all parties of activity of this type of military forces reveal, beginning from the organization to garrison service. The methodological and theoretical basis of the article is based on the basic principles of historical science: objectivity, scientific and historicism, involving the study of historical events and facts in specific historical conditions, their consideration in a comparative historical plan. Contribution of authors. M.-P. B. Abdusalamov analyzed the mechanism of collecting and sending recruits to the regiments of the fortress of the Holy cross, it is shown that this procedure was regulated by government decrees. N. D. By Chekulaeva revealed that the acquisition of the garrison of the fortress of the Holy cross was due to recruits coming mostly from cities of the Volga region, it is shown that the officer corps of the regiments of the garrison of the fortress of the Holy cross, was completed through the estates of the nobility of the Russian Empire on the basis of the principle of election from among noncommissioned chief officers.

THE ROLE OF THE COUNTY BRANCHES OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE CARE OF PRISONS IN PROVIDING FOOD FOR PRISONERS

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Н.С. Дубаенко
Keyword(s):  
National Archive ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Penal Policy ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Chuvash Republic ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Russian Empire

Изучение исторического опыта организации деятельности отечественной пенитенциарной системы в целом и опыта деятельности Общества попечительного о тюрьмах в частности имеет не только познавательное значение, но и позволяет вычленить и адаптировать положительный опыт использования потенциала общественно-благотворительных структур в реализации современной уголовно-исполнительной политики. В статье осознанно был сделан акцент на анализ деятельности именно уездных отделений Общества попечительного о тюрьмах как основного и самого многочисленного звена общественно-филантропического пенитенциарного движения в Российской империи. Опираясь на материалы фондов Государственного исторического архива Чувашской Республики, Национального архива Республики Татарстан и нормативные источники, автор предпринял попытку проанализировать деятельность уездных отделений Общества попечительного о тюрьмах по обеспечению пищевым довольствием арестантов уездных тюремных замков. The study of the historical experience of organizing the activities of the domestic penitentiary system in general, and the experience of the Society for the Care of Prisons, in particular, has not only cognitive value, but also allows us to isolate and adapt the positive experience of using the potential of public-charitable structures in the implementation of modern penal policy. The article consciously focused on the analysis of the activities of the district branches of the Trusteeship Society, as the main and most numerous link of the socio-philanthropic penitentiary movement in the Russian Empire. Based on the materials of the funds of the State Historical Archive of the Chuvash Republic and the National Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan, and normative sources, the article attempts to analyze the activities of the county branches of the Society for the Care of Prisons to provide food for the prisoners of the county prison castles.

TO BE REMEMBERED... ANNIVERSARIES OF TWO ACADEMICIANS

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-512
Author(s):  
Sergey MONIKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Popular Science ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Scientific Contribution ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Russian Empire

2020 marks 280 years since the birth of the outstanding Russian naturalist and explorer Ivan Ivanovich Lepyokhin (1740-1802) and 275 years since the birth of the outstanding German explorer and naturalist Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin (1745-1774). An overview of scientific contribution to the study of nature and economics of the Russian Empire in general and the southeast of European Russia in particular made by these two leaders of the Academic Expeditions of 1768-1774 is presented. The author discusses a number of inconsistencies in S.G. Gmelin’s biography found in references (encyclopedias), scientific and popular science literature of pre-revolutionary Russia and the USSR. The question of I.I. Lepyokhin and S.G. Gmelin memorialization in Volgograd and Saratov Regions and the Republic of Dagestan has been raised.

“BULYGINSKAYA DUMA”. AGENCY WITHOUT POWER OR POWER OF AGENCY?

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Sergey S. Novoselskii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Intellectual Context ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article considers the attitude of representatives of the top bureaucracy to the draft of the State Duma, developed by a Special Council chaired by the Minister of the Interior A.G. Bulygin in 1905. Particular attention is paid to the high officials assessments of the dignitaries of the place and role of the Duma in the system of state administration of the Russian Empire, the arguments that officials cited in favor of its convocation. It analyzes intellectual context of the emergence of the “bulyginskaya duma” (“Bulygin Duma”) project is analyzed, which largely determined the breadth of the actual, not declared powers of the people’s agency. The research is based on unpublished documents from the funds of state institutions, as well as materials from the personal funds of officials and public figures. The article shows that, despite the legislative nature of the Duma, it had to have significant powers. The electoral system, which was proposed and defended by the high officials, was originally modeled in such a way as to avoid the triumph of the estates principle. The monarch’s open opposition to the people’s agency was considered a politically short-sighted move, which indicated a limitation of his power. The results of the study allow considering the government policy in 1905 not as an untimely response to public demands, but as a conscious strategy for systemic political reforms.

scholarly journals Activities of Military Topographers in Western Siberia in Foreign and Domestic Policy of the Russian Empire in 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 360-374
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Igumnov
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
River Channels ◽  
The North ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

The activities of military topographers in Western Siberia to provide cartographic information on the foreign and domestic policies of the Russian Empire in Central Asia and Siberia in the 19th century are considered in the article. The role of information in the formation of the Russian Empire is emphasized. The contribution of the state to the organization of the study of the Asian regions of Russia and neighboring countries is noted. The establishment of the military topographic service in Western Siberia can be traced taking into account data on administrative transformations in the Siberian region, and on changes in the foreign policy of the Russian Empire. The participation of military topographers in determining and designating the state border with China is described in detail. The question of the role of military topographers in the scientific study of China and Mongolia is raised. The significance of the activities of military topographers for the policy of the Russian Empire on the socio-economic development of Siberia and the north-eastern part of the territory of modern Kazakhstan is revealed. The contribution of topographers to the construction of the Trans-Siberian railway, the design of river channels and new land routes is revealed. A large amount of literary sources, materials on the work of military topographers of Western Siberia, published in “Notes of the Military Topographic Department of the General Staff” is used in the article.

scholarly journals “I am a Soldier; I Have Never Meddled in Politics and Do Not Meddle Now”: General A. E. Evert and the February Revolution

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sergey Sergushkin
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Political ◽  
Western Front ◽  
Constituent Assembly ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Military Control ◽  
Commander In Chief ◽  
Constitutional Monarchy

The article focuses on the role of A. E. Evert, the commander-in-chief of the armies of the Western Front, in the events of the February Revolution. Russia's top military leadership took a consolidated position on the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II from the throne, but the unity regarding the fate of the Empire's future was only an appearance. This is made clear through a detailed examination of the decisions made by Evert during the last crucial days for the Russian Empire and of his motives. The author pays particular attention to the period after the emperor’s abdication when, in the political vacuum, the commander-in-chief of the armies of the Western Front changed his line of conduct and proposed the bold project of transferring the country's real political power under military control. The methodological basis of this study is the principles of historicism, systematicity and scientific objectivity, while also using the comparative and historical-genetic methods.  Evert considered the constitutional monarchy with Mikhail Alexandrovich on the throne as a worthy alternative to the forceful suppression of the revolution in the rear, which cannot be said about his view on the Provisional Government and the prospect of elections to the Constituent Assembly during the war. In this regard, the commander-in-chief of the armies of the Western Front hoped, with the support of his colleagues, to impose his will on the rebellious capital. However, his project did not receive the necessary support, and his disloyalty to the Provisional Government led to his early resignation.

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