TO BE REMEMBERED... ANNIVERSARIES OF TWO ACADEMICIANS

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-512
Author(s):  
Sergey MONIKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Popular Science ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Scientific Contribution ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Russian Empire

2020 marks 280 years since the birth of the outstanding Russian naturalist and explorer Ivan Ivanovich Lepyokhin (1740-1802) and 275 years since the birth of the outstanding German explorer and naturalist Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin (1745-1774). An overview of scientific contribution to the study of nature and economics of the Russian Empire in general and the southeast of European Russia in particular made by these two leaders of the Academic Expeditions of 1768-1774 is presented. The author discusses a number of inconsistencies in S.G. Gmelin’s biography found in references (encyclopedias), scientific and popular science literature of pre-revolutionary Russia and the USSR. The question of I.I. Lepyokhin and S.G. Gmelin memorialization in Volgograd and Saratov Regions and the Republic of Dagestan has been raised.

scholarly journals Judicial System of Kyrgyzstan During the Period of Stay it is Part of the Kokand Khanate and the Russian Empire (XIX - Early XX Centuries)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-345
Author(s):  
N. Sopubekova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Special Role ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article describes the characteristics of the judicial system of Kyrgyzstan in XIX - early XX century, the attention to a special role in the proceedings of people’s courts, examines features of government approach to the reform of the judicial system of the Republic in the periods of rule of the Kokand khanate and citizenship in the Russian Empire.

scholarly journals Ruling techniques of the Ottoman Empire in Western Caucasus on the early XIX century (based on the document from the Ottoman State Archive of the President of the Republic of Turkey Hattı Hümayün 1103/4569-R

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Anri Robertovich Chediya
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

The subject of this article is the policy and ruling techniques of the Ottoman Empire in Western Caucasus as a whole, and Abkhazia in particular, implemented due to expansion of military and economic presence of the Russian Empire in Caucasus in the early XIX century. Such methods include bringing local population (mostly representative of aristocracy – princes and noblemen) to the side of the Ottoman Empire for returning their dominance in the countries and cities (fortresses), considered by the Sublime Porte as the territories of their authority, and unlawfully annexed by the Russian Empire (namely the Principality of Abkhazia). This resulted in clash of interest of both superpowers that unfolded in Abkhazia and neighboring Circassia in the early XIX century. The scientific novelty consists in introduction into the scientific discourse of previously unpublished sources from the Ottoman State Archive of the President of the Republic of Turkey, as well as the Russian State Military-Historical Archive, which shed light on the methods of Ottoman control over the territories of Western Caucasus (Principality of Abkhazia, Circassia), as well as on the complicated questions regarding the clash of interests of the Russian and Ottoman empires in the region. The relevance of this work is substantiated by usage of both, Russian and Ottoman unpublished archival materials for describing the Ottoman ruling techniques in the region.

Historical and Legal Research of the Bases of Organization and Functioning of Judicial Authority in Crimea in the Composition of the Russian Empire (late XVIII – Beginning of XX Centuries)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
M. S. Kiyan ◽  
◽  
T. V. Khutko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
High Level

In the Russian Federation, one of the priority vectors of the development of the state is to improve the quality of justice, the guarantee of which is the effective judicial system. For the most optimal mode of functioning of the judicial system, an understanding of the main trends in its development is necessary, which requires a high level of generalization and scientific potentiation of the foundations of the organization and functioning of the judiciary, and is possible only if all previous stages of its development are analyzed. The main objective of the study: 1) determine the features of the development of the judicial policy of the Russian Empire in the regions, in particular in the Crimea; 2) to trace the evolution of the judicial system in the Crimea during its stay in the Russian Empire. When writing the work, methods of scientific research were used: dialectical, historical-legal, formal-legal, systemic, comparative-legal, historical periodization, diachronous, institutional-legal. The main results and conclusions of the study can be defined as: 1) judicial reform was a priority in the state legal policy of the Russian Empire at the end of the XVIII – early XX centuries; 2) the author's periodization of the reform of the judicial system in the Crimea. Such a consistent consideration of the organization and functioning of the judiciary allows for its comprehensive study as a historical phenomenon with its own genesis of organization and activity The article is of high scientific value, since it is the first generalizing study in the historical and legal literature devoted to the problems of the formation, development and modernization of the judiciary in Crimea as part of the Russian Empire (1783–1917), in which it was first used that were not previously included in the scientific circulation Sources of the State Archive of the Republic of Crimea of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals APPEAL OF THE NOGAI SOCIETY OF THE KIZLYAR REGION TO THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL P.S. POTEMKIN (1786): PUBLICATION OF THE SOURCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Yavus Zayndievich AKHMADOV ◽  
Daniyal Saydakhmedovich KIDIRNIYAZOV
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Archival Document ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article presents an archival document dated to 1786 from the “Kizlyar commandant” Fund of the Central state archive of the Republic of Daghestan, which reveals simultaneously several aspects of the state of Nogai society of the Kizlyar region (more broadly - the Tersko-Kum interfluve) in the conditions of the Caucasian frontier of the Russian Empire.

scholarly journals History of Russian Sinology in the Works of Professor V. G. Datsyshen

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Sukhodolov ◽  
Yuryi Kuzmin ◽  
Alexei Manzhigeyev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Scientific Contribution ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Original Interpretation

The review presents a characteristics of the monograph of the Doctor habil. in History, professor of the Siberian Federal University V. G. Datsyshen «Study of the History of China in the Russian Empire» published in Moscow. The monograph gives an original interpretation of the history of the development of Russian sinology and a detailed description of the scientific contribution of the major sinologists and an assessment of the activities of the oriental centers of Russia.

scholarly journals The Burden of the Empire and the Vocation of Russia: George Fedotov’s Philosophy of History

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Klepikova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Ivan The Terrible ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Creative Role

The paper discusses the philosophical and historical doctrine of the Russian philosopher and historian George Petrovich Fedotov. The author focuses on the analysis of imperial issues in the works of G.P. Fedotov, especially of his views on the cultural history of the Russian empire and the essence of imperial project in Russia. Fedotov reconsiders the historical experience and revolutionary catastrophe of Russia and searches for the foundations of the social and cultural processes determining the events of Russian history. Fedotov’s works offer a variety of interpretations of the political and cultural phenomenon of empire. This reflects his evolution as a philosopher of history: the focus of his vision shifts from the Medieval Rus to the Empire of Peter the Great, then to the collapsed empire of Nicholas II and finally to the USSR (the latter was also an empire according to him). Fedotov’s concept of Empire evolves into a timeless cultural-philosophical phenomenon but originates from the historical description of the centralization of power in the feudal monarchy of Ivan the Terrible. The evolution of the philosophical and historical views of Fedotov is influenced by the changes of his attitude to the historical conception of Klyuchevsky. In the 1940s Fedotov considers the empire as a universal idea. The concept of empire proposed by Fedotov gives an understanding of the Russian historical development, especially the causes of the decline and fall of the Russian Empire. Fedotov associates the cause of the salvation of Russia with the study of ancient Russian culture, in which he founds a moral and political ideal of the “Republic of Saint Sophia.” The paper shows heuristic potential of Fedotov’s cultural and philosophical ideas on the vocation of spiritual elite and the creative role of personality in the process of nation-building.

scholarly journals Cechy polszczyzny północnokresowej utrwalone w poezji Feliksa Mieszczańskiego ze wsi Kadysz na Białorusi

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 419-432
Author(s):  
Julia Mazurkiewicz-Sułkowska
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
Mild Mental Retardation ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Everyday Communication

The north-eastern Polish dialects preserved in the poetry of Feliks Mieszczański from Kadysz village (Republic of Belarus)The article describes the variety of Polish spoken by the inhabitants of Kadysz – a village located in the closed border zone at the junction of three state borders: Belarus, Poland and Lithuania. Its population preserved the local culture and Polish as a means of everyday communication, due to the fact that during the Period of Partitions in Poland this area never became part of the Russian Empire, but remained part of the Kingdom of Poland, and today it is isolated from the Republic of Belarus by the closed border zone.The observations are based on the analysis of Feliks Mieszczański’s texts – a man who spent all his life in Kadysz village. He has never learned the literary variety of Polish or literary Russian, because of a mild mental retardation. Черты северо-восточного польского диалекта, зафиксированные в поэзии Феликса Мещанского, жителя деревни Кадыш (Беларусь)Статья посвящена польскому языку жителей деревни Кадыш, находящейся в закрытой приграничной зоне на стыке трех государственных границ: Беларуси, Польши и Литвы. Благодаря тому, что во время разделов Речипосполитой земли эти никогда не входили в состав северо-западных губерний Российской Империи, а являлись частью Королевства Польского, и сейчас изолированы от остальной части Беларуси закрытой приграничной зоной, местное население сохранило местную культуру и польский язык в качестве средства повседневного общения. Наблюдения представлены на основании анализа текстов Феликса Мещанского – лица, прожившего всю свою жизнь в Кадыше, никoгда не изучавшего польский литературный язык, а также практически не изучавшего русский язык (в связи с легкой степенью умственной отсталости).

scholarly journals Польский переселенческий говор в Респ ублике Хакасия и в Красноярском Крае РФ

1970 ◽  
pp. 45-59
Author(s):  
Илья Михайлович Егоров
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Original System ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Krasnoyarsk Krai ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Further Development ◽  
The Russian Language

The article deals with the essential aspects of the phonetic and, primarily, grammatical system of the Polish immigrant dialect spoken in two villages in Western Siberia: Znamenka (Bogradsky District of the Republic of Khakassia) and Alexandrovka (Krasnoturansky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai). The dialect appeared in the Yeniseysk Governorate of the Russian Empire at the end of 1890s as a result of Polish rural migration from Volhynia to Siberia. Before that, the ancestors of those settlers had moved to Volhynia from Masuria. The examined dialect shows relatively good preservation of its original system. At the same time, it has been strongly influenced by Russian, as the dominant language of its surroundings. The main effect of this intensive contact is the further development of trends that had taken place in the original dialect system, which have been supported by the Russian language.

scholarly journals The Phenomenon of Conversion from Orthodoxy to the Armenian Faith in the Russian Empire in the 19th - early 20th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 766-780
Author(s):  
Vladimir S. Blokhin
Keyword(s):  
National Archive ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
Mixed Marriages ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article analyzes why and how persons of the Orthodox confession converted to the Armenian faith in the nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Russian Empire. This phenomenon is linked to the practice of mixed marriages between persons belonging to the Orthodox and Armenian confessions. While the status of non-Orthodox Christian confessions in Russia during the synodal period has received a good amount of scholarly attention, not much research has been devoted to the conversion from Orthodoxy to the Armenian faith, and to the issue of marriages between persons belonging to these faiths. The present paper identifies the motives and circumstances of religious conversions and the peculiarities of mixed marriages. It does so on the basis of unpublished documents from the funds of the National Archive of the Republic of Armenia. Equally new is the authors suggestion to consider these phenomena as an integral component in the history of Russian-Armenian church relations in the period 1828-1917. Until 1905, the regulations of the Orthodox Church demanded that after the conduction of an interreligious marriage, both spouses continued to practice their respective faiths, and their children were baptized in Orthodoxy. This is reflected in the metric books of the Erivan Pokrovsky Orthodox Cathedral (1880-1885). The analysis of archival documents allows us to conclude that after 1905, most of the conversions from Orthodoxy to the Armenian faith were performed by women who intended to marry men of the Armenian confession. The reason for this phenomenon is that interreligious marriages and the baptism of children born from mixed couples was still in the competence of the Russian Orthodox Church. Only if both partners belonged to the Armenian faith, the wedding could take place in the Armenian Church, and their children were brought up in the Armenian faith. In addition to matrimonial reasons, the article underlines some other important motives behind conversions from Orthodoxy to the Armenian confession.

Latviešu strēlnieku vēsturiskās nozīmes jautājums starpkaru publicistikā

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Vitālijs Šalda
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Army Soldiers ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article is devoted to the analysis of the work of Latvian publicists of the interwar period of the Republic of Latvia, who wrote about the role of Latvian riflemen in the history. There were several pronounced tendencies in Latvian publicistics: highlighting of the performance of the „old” Latvian riflemen, attributing the merits of Latvian National Army soldiers to the soldiers of established Republic of Latvia; concealing of the participation of „red” Latvian riflemen in the Russian Civil War; explaining the participation of the „red” Latvian riflemen in the Russian Civil War as a struggle for the destruction of the Russian Empire and the establishment of the Republic of Latvia and other national states on the ruins of this empire, combining and evaluating the achievements of „old” and „red” riflemen. The author also gives his own vision on the historical significance of Latvian riflemen.

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