scholarly journals Plastic of the Solid Domestic Waste on the Coastal Zone of the Northwestern Part of the Black Sea as a Component of Marine Littre

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Environmental Hazard ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Northwestern Part

Purpose. The goal of the study is estimation the scale of the plastic waste’s area in the coastal zone of the Northwestern part of the Black Sea and their role of the of polution formation. Methods. The base of methods is system analyses. Results. The annual volume of solid waste in the North-Western Black Sea region can reach 2.5 million tons per year, and the volume of plastic littre - up to 323 thousand tons per year. In spite of of plastic littre as the resource, at present there is no definite system for handling them, and under these conditions they are disposed of at numerous dumps (including unauthorized ones) of solid household waste. A significant part of plastic (up to 80%) from unorganized landfills and from the other coastal pollution sources is carried out by air and water flows in the water area of the Northwestern part of the Black Sea. Approximatly 83% of marine littre in the Black Sea is plastic. In turn, the presence of marine littre links with the imperfection of the solid waste management system. The dominant way of manage is remains their removal and disposal in landfills. As of 2019, in the Odessa region there were 528 landfills, in the Nikolaev region - 267, in the Kherson region - 54. Almost 17% of landfills in the Odessa region and 26% in the Nikolaev region do not comply according to environmental hazard standards. Significant part of the plastic littre, first of all from unauthorized of the solid waste dumps, is carried by air flows into the river network, and if they are close to the beach area, directly into the Black Sea. Plastic littre is carried out from the catchment areas of the large rivers (Danube, Dniester, Southern Bug and Dnieper), as well as water intakes of numerous medium and small rivers. Almost the whole beach area of the Northwestern part of the Black Sea is actively used for recreational purposes and, therefore, is a source of beach waste. In addition, the coastal sources of garbage can be settlements, marine complexes and agricultural lands located along the coastal line. An insignificant share of plastic littre is generated within the sea area (from shipping, fishing, etc.). Conclusions. The main component of marine littre is plastic, as it accounts for 83% of marine littre founded in the Black Sea. Macroplastics can be subject to long-term movement by the sea currents, winds, waves and poses a direct threat to the marine ecosystem. Directions of movement of marine littre depends on the processes of general circulation in the surface layer (0-500 m) of the Black Sea. The processes of biodegradation of macroplastic are hindered in the marine environment, and therefore its transformation is limited by the processes of destruction and dispersion in micro- and nanoparticles. Taking into consideration the environmental hazard of microplastics, it is advisable to create a system for monitoring in the marine environment. To improve the environmental situation in the coastal zone of the Northwestern part of the Black Sea, it is necessary to significantly increase the volume of recycled plastic littre, as well as to eliminate numerous landfills for solid household waste that do not accord to environmental safety requirements.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Pollution by Some Persistent Organic Pollutants of the Marine Environment of the Northwestern Part of the Black Sea

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Ecological State

Purpose. The study is aimed at estimation of marine pollution in the northwestern part of the Black Sea by some persistent organic pollutants (POPs), in particular polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB). Methods. Peculiarities of marine pollution were determined on the basis of research conducted at the Ukrainian Scientific Center of Ecology of the Sea (UkrSCES). The content of PCBs and HCB was determined on a gas chromatograph Agilent 7890B with a capillary column and an electronic capture detector using the methods of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA-3545A, 3630C, 8081, 8082A, 8275A). The ecological state of the marine environment was determined using developed in UkrSCES the “Ecological standards of marine environment quality”, which allow us to assess the quality status of such components of the marine environment (sea water, bottom sediments and biota). Results. The methodology of environmental standards has been adapted to assess the pollution of the marine environment of POPs. The ecological state of sea water and bottom sediments of the northwestern part of the Black Sea is determined according to the established values of Maximum Concentration Limit (MCL) and Ecological Standards (ES). The ecological state of marine biota was assessed by HCB pollution according to the established Ecological Standard. The European analogue of MCL (MAC-EQS) for industrial marine organisms was used to assess the ecological state of marine organisms for PCBs pollution (but it should be noted that the assessment was performed only for non-dioxin-like PCBs. Standard for the content of PCBs in marine organisms, in particular, – of industrial importance, must be implemented in Ukraine at the legislative level. For integral assessment of the ecological state of the marine environment and the specifics of POPs pollution in the northwestern part of the Black Sea, it is necessary to introduce a comprehensive monitoring system that would analyze marine pollution by all POPs required by the Stockholm Convention. Conclusions. The ecological state of the sea water of the northwestern part of the Black Sea by POPs pollution in most cases corresponds to the category "very good". The state of marine biota in most cases corresponds to the quality classes "good" and "very good", but in Ukraine there are no clear standards that would regulate the content of PCBs in marine biota, in particular – for industrial important species of marine organisms. The ecological condition of bottom sediments is mainly classified as "satisfactory" and "poor", which under certain natural conditions can be a source of secondary pollution of sea water and biota. For integral assessment of the ecological state, it is necessary to take into account all POPs, which can significantly change the results of the assessment of the quality of the marine environment of the northwestern part of the Black Sea.

Technogenically Рrovoked Seepage Activity in the Northwestern Part of the Black Sea According to Data from Space

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Ivanov ◽  
E.R. Matrosovа
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Satellite Monitoring ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Exploration And Production

It is shown that satellite monitoring can not only successfully help to control the marine environment, but also to detect dangerous natural processes caused by exploration and production of oil and gas.

Monitoring of the marine environment state of the northwestern part of the Black Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.A. Shchyptsov ◽  
A.Yu. Gordieiev ◽  
S.H. Fedoseienkov ◽  
Yu.A. Tymchenko ◽  
L.V. Nesterenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Northwestern Part

SHORT-TERM DYNAMICS OF THE ANAPA BAY-BAR SHORELINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Krylenko ◽  
Marina Krylenko ◽  
Alexandr Aleynikov ◽  
Alexandr Aleynikov ◽  
Viacheslav Krylenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Shoreline Position ◽  
Local Dynamics ◽  
Average Displacement ◽  
Local Erosion

The Anapa bay-bar is located in the northwestern part of the Black Sea. With the goal in mind to determine the short-term dynamics of the Anapa bay-bar we analyzed satellite images from 2003 to the present. Depending on the hydro-lithodynamical situation the shoreline configuration during storm can vary from a rectilinear to sinusoidal forms. There are regions of local erosion or accumulation whose formation is related to the alongshore motion of sediments and dynamics of underwater bars. Comparison of the data on 1965 and 1966 showed that in this period the amplitude of the shoreline position was more than 20 m but average displacement of the shoreline for 13 months was only 0.8 m. This study showed that for the analysis of changes in the shoreline position is necessary to consider the configuration of the coastline at the time of each observation and the local dynamics.

SPECIALIZED OCEANOGRAPHIC DATABASE FOR INFORMATION SUPPORT OF THE BLACK SEA COASTAL ZONE STUDY

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Khaliulin ◽  
Alexey Khaliulin ◽  
Andrey Ingerov ◽  
Andrey Ingerov ◽  
Elena Zhuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Information Support ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Marine Hydrophysical Institute ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Oceanographic Data

The information resources of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS” (FSBSI MHI) oceanographic data bank (MHI BOD), which contains about 115,000 oceanographic and more than 27,000 hydrochemical stations accomplished in the Black Sea coastal zone, as well as experience accumulated while providing information support of the coastal zone research, main directions of activities, and short-term plans are considered.

Anthropogenic Impact on the Lithodynamics of the Coastal Zone of the Southern and Western Black Sea Coast (Review)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Efremova ◽  
Yu. N. Goryachkin ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
River Flow ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Natural Dynamics ◽  
The Impact

Anthropogenic impact on lithodynamics of the coastal zone changes the natural dynamics of bottom sediments, which leads to increased abrasion and swelling of beaches, activation of landslide processes creating a threat of destruction of the coastal infrastructure. The article aims at providing an overview of the scientific literature on the anthropogenic impact on lithodynamics of the coastal zone of the southern and western coasts of the Black Sea (shores of Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey). The work shows that with all the differences in the natural conditions of the coastal zones of these countries the types of anthropogenic effects they undergo are almost the same. These include: hydrotechnical construction without regard to the impact on the neighbouring coast sections; reduction of solid river flow due to river regulation by reservoirs; construction of capital facilities directly on the beaches; illegal extraction of sand from beaches and river beds; dredging with sale of the extracted material to construction companies; covering of cliffs by various structures; destruction of coastal dunes, etc. The main negative consequences of these actions are reflected in disruption of natural dynamics and shortages of bottom sediments, changes in the coastline, reduced aesthetic attractiveness and accessibility of shores, destruction of coastal ecosystems. The article also provides information on the legislation of these countries regarding environmental management in the coastal zone

scholarly journals TO THE 75th ANNIVERSARY OF PROFESSOR R.D. KOS’YAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
A. G. Zatsepin ◽  
S. B. Kuklev ◽  
T. A. Podymova
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sediment Discharge ◽  
75Th Anniversary ◽  
Public Figure ◽  
Prominent Scientist ◽  
The World ◽  
International Projects ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

On May 20, 2021, the head of the Laboratory of Lithodynamics and Geology of the Southern Department of the Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor, Doctor of Geographical Sciences, prominent scientist and public figure Kosyan Ruben Derenikovich is 75 years old. R.D. Kosyan is a leading Russian expert in the field of studying the regularities of hydrogenic movements of detrital material in the coastal zone of the sea. He is a participant of many expeditions and thematic conferences, an expert on some major international projects, and lectures in various countries of the world. Under his leadership, a group of models was developed to calculate the long-shore sediment discharge, as well as the associated deformation of the relief in the coastal zone of the sea. R.D. Kosyan was awarded the Order of Courage, as well as the International Medal of the Black Sea Commission for merits in the study of the Black Sea. Congratulations to the wonderful scientist-oceanologist on the solemn date.

scholarly journals Consorts of gastropod Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) in the Northern Black Sea. Part I: Porifera, Cnidaria, Bryozoa, Chordata

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. P. Bondarev ◽  
N. K. Revkov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Bottom Fauna ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Shell Surface ◽  
Rapana Venosa ◽  
The Core ◽  
Rapa Whelk

Gastropod mollusk-invader Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) in the 1940s took a free ecological niche terminal predator in benthic communities of the Black Sea shelf and has become an important element of the ecosystem. The ability of rapa whelk to have a devastating impact on the biocenosis filter feeders determines the necessity of constant monitoring of this species populations’ state. The study of rapa whelk showed that the ecological role of this species is not limited to predation. Fairly large shell R. venosa is a solid substrate for alga, attached and restrictedly movable (sedentary) benthic animal organisms, among which mobile free-living forms sometimes find shelter. The aim of the work is to describe specific complex of epibiotic organisms formed on rapa-whelk shells, which is regarded as a consortium, where of R. venosa is the core. To study the consort community of R. venosa a sampling was made in 7 regions of the northern part of the Black Sea: 1 – Mamaia beach, Romania, 2 – the north-western part of the Black Sea (NWBS), Crimean sector, 3 – Sevastopol, 4 – Alupka, 5 – Yalta – Alushta, 6 – Karadag, 7 – the Kerch Strait. The sampling in the coastal zone (less then 15 m depth) was carried out by SCUBA and snorkel diving, deeper (up to 40 m) was used “Ocean-50”grab corer was used. Totally of 856 specimens of R. venosa were collected and analyzed. The main bulk of the material in the amount of 750 specimens of R. venosa was sampled in the coastal zone in Sevastopol vicinity (south-western Crimea) at the depth range of 1.5–10.0 m. The collection of the rapa whelk specimens was carried out totally and each specimen was placed in a separate plastic bag indicating the collection area, depth and biotope. Along with the mollusks sampling, visual observations and photographic fixation of hydrobionts in situ were carried out. Based on the research results the taxonomic list of rapa whelk epibiotic organisms was extended and for the first time the taxonomic composition of the mobile forms permanently or temporarily present in the R. venosa consortium was given. The first part of the investigation provides a list of rapa whelk epibionts taxa relating to four (Porifera, Cnidaria, Bryozoa, Chordata) of the seven detected Phyla with indication of sampling depths and bottom type and comments on the frequency of occurrence, the quantity and of their interaction with the consortium core. Phylum Porifera is represented by 1, Bryozoa – 3 Cnidaria – 2 and Chordata – 4 species. The drilling sponge Pione vastifica was found in all the investigated areas, except region 2 (NWBS), with a frequency of 20 to 90 % and the shell surface area damage was up to 100 % (average 30–35 %). Not numerous representatives of Cnidaria were found singly in the region 3 (Actinia equina) and in the region 5 (Diadumene lineata). Bryozoans are the most common group of animal-consorts of rapa whelk present in all the areas of our research. The frequency of their occurrence ranged from 10 to 100 %, the covering area of the shell surface was from 0 to 85 %. More than 90 % of the total surface area of rapana shell cover with bryozoans and their occurrence is in Cryptosula pallasiana. The second bryozoans’ species on development indices is Conopeum seurati, which was found in areas 3, 6 and 7, where the occurrence was up to 30 % and the coverage was up to 25 %. The other 3 species of bryozoans (Schizomavella auriculata, Bowerbankia imbricata, Hippothoa sp.) were found rarely. Representatives of Chordata – 2 species of ascidians (Botryllus schlosseri, Ciona intestinalis) and 3 species of fish (Diplecogaster bimaculata, Parablennius tentacularis, Scorpaena porcus) were recorded singly in regions 2, 3, 5. For the four Phyla of animal organisms considered the consorts list of R. venosa of the sandy bottom biotopes (10 species) is twice more numerous than that of the rocky eco-form (5 species). The organisms studied are of a different degree and nature of relations with the core consortium from commensalism to parasitism. Generalized information on periphyton and total coverage of rapa whelk shells with epibiotic complex is given. The results of the work show that in the Black Sea R. venosa has become an important element of the ecosystem, increasing biological diversity of the bottom fauna due to the formation of its own consortium complexes of epibiontic organisms.

scholarly journals BALLAST WATER POLLUTION RISK ASSESSMENT IN THE BLACK SEA

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Vasile RAŢᾸ ◽  
Liliana RUSU
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Stability

Since the emergence of humanity, the marine environment has provided a safety net in many ways, has fostered socio-economic development, creating links between states, between continents. In the same time, it represents a priority source of food for a considerable percentage of the population. The same marine environment also creates solutions to current global problems, as a potential source of sustainable energy for the future. In recent decades, the stability of this ecosystem has been  considerably shaken by the various types of pollution resulting from human activities. The Black Sea is not immune to these results from economic activities, such as the transport of goods by water, which creates the context for the migration of living organisms from one geographical region to another. The threat of ecosystems has been intensified by the process of globalization, by changing the natural food chains following the accidental introduction of non- indigenous marine life by discharging ballast water from ship tanks. Risk assessment to limit the effects of this biohazard problem is the first step in a normal regional chain of action..

Meiobenthos as indicator of gaseous hydrocarbons reservoirs existing under the seabed of the Black Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Yanko ◽  
Anna Kravchuk ◽  
Irina Kulakova ◽  
Tatiana Kondariuk
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Dual Analysis ◽  
Gaseous Hydrocarbons ◽  
Physical And Chemical

<p>This <span>presentation</span> represents a case study that reviews research into the relationship between meiobenthos distribution and concentrations of hydrocarbon gases (HG), primarily methane, in the sediments of the northwestern part of the Black Sea, including gases released by mud volcanoes and gas seeps. Evidence forming the basis of this research comes from meiobenthos here represented by 29 species of benthic foraminifers, 7 species of ostracods, and 44 species of nematodes. The potential use of these meiobenthic organisms as indicators of gaseous hydrocarbons reservoirs existing under the seabed is evaluated according to two linked axes, namely the dual analysis of abiotic factors (physical and chemical parameters of the water column, gasmetrical, geochemical, lithological, and mineralogical properties of the sediments) and biotic characteristics (quantitative and taxonomic composition of foraminifers, nematodes, and ostracods). Studies of this kind have been directed toward developing interdisciplinary methods to improve the search for HG accumulations, especially methane, under the seabed. Development of such methods might have substantial socio-economic importance for the economy of Ukraine as well as that of other Black Sea countries, and such methods might also contribute to the sustainable development of Black Sea ecosystems.</p>

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