scholarly journals A System for the Acquisition and Analysis of Three-Dimensional Data Describing Dental Morphology

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingzhou Liu ◽  
Sarbin Ranjitkar ◽  
John A. Kaidonis ◽  
Grant C. Townsend ◽  
Lindsay C. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Personal Computers ◽  
Dental Morphology ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Derived Data ◽  
3D Profilometer

Accurate, reproducible three-dimensional (3D) data provide an important contribution to our ability to describe, compare and understand dental morphology but the existing technology is often expensive or has technical limitations. Recently available, inexpensive 3D profilometers interfaced with standard personal computers offer the potential to overcome some of these problems. This technical note describes a system that uses a 3D profilometer and purpose written software to analyse changes in dental morphology resulting from tooth wear. The validity of the derived data was determined by comparing data derived from scans of objects of known dimensions with calculated volumes. These differences were less than 10% from objects that were difficult to scan because of their geometry and were commonly less than 5%. The reproductibility, expressed as intra- and inter-observer coefficients of variation, was less than 1%. The potential applications of systems of this type are outlined.

scholarly journals An Advanced, Three-Dimensional Plotting Library for Astronomy

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Barnes ◽  
Christopher J. Fluke ◽  
Paul D. Bourke ◽  
Owen T. Parry
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dynamic Geometry ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Program Code ◽  
Display Devices ◽  
Cartesian Space ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Run Time ◽  
Evolving Data

AbstractWe present a new, three-dimensional (3D) plotting library with advanced features, and support for standard and enhanced display devices. The library — s2plot — is written in c and can be used by c, c++, and fortran programs on GNU/Linux and Apple/OSX systems. s2plot draws objects in a 3D (x,y,z) Cartesian space and the user interactively controls how this space is rendered at run time. With a pgplot-inspired interface, s2plot provides astronomers with elegant techniques for displaying and exploring 3D data sets directly from their program code, and the potential to use stereoscopic and dome display devices. The s2plot architecture supports dynamic geometry and can be used to plot time-evolving data sets, such as might be produced by simulation codes. In this paper, we introduce s2plot to the astronomical community, describe its potential applications, and present some example uses of the library.

DYNAMIC EXTRACTION FOR VOI FROM CT IMAGES BASED ON VOLUME RENDERING

2007 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 195-209
Author(s):  
YUN TIAN ◽  
CHONGYANG HAO ◽  
YI WANG ◽  
GUIQING HE ◽  
JUN WEI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Rendering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Fuzzy Operator ◽  
Window Width ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Volume Of Interest ◽  
Rapid Sequence ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Dynamic Extraction

The paper developed an approach to extract the VOI (Volume of Interest) from a CT dataset based on volume rendering, which can get a rough VOI from the volumetric data by simply adjusting the Window Level and the Window Width, then enhances the contrast among the voxels according to the Linear General Fuzzy Operator (LGFO) and extracts a desired structure from the above-mentioned enhanced 3D data through the feature function in rapid sequence; Our method adjusts the parameters according to the condition until the satisfied VOI is extracted. Experimental results show that the method combined with multi-manner can extract the VOI which represents clearly three dimensional anatomical structure of the object, such as tumors or normal organs, and can find potential applications in diagnosis and education.

An innovative prone positioning system for advanced deformity and frailty in complex spine surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-234
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kolb ◽  
John Large ◽  
Stuart Watson ◽  
Glyn Smurthwaite
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Prone Positioning ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Potential Safety ◽  
Chest Deformity ◽  
Positioning Device ◽  
Skin Quality

The authors present a technical note for a prone positioning system developed to facilitate cervical extension osteotomy for ankylosing spondylitis in the presence of severe deformity and frailty. Chin-on-chest deformity represents one of the most debilitating changes of ankylosing spondylitis. Where the chin-brow angle approaches or exceeds 90°, prone positioning becomes problematic due to the fixed position of the head. Furthermore, the challenge is compounded where physiological deconditioning leads to frailty, and the side effects of medical therapies decrease muscle mass and skin quality. Conventional prone positioning equipment is not able to cater to all patients. A versatile system was developed using a 3D reconstruction to enable a positioning simulation and verification tool. The tool was used to comprehensively plan the perioperative episode, including spatial orientation and associated equipment. Three-dimensional printing was used to manufacture a bespoke positioning device that precisely matched the contours of the patient, reducing contact pressure and risk of skin injury. The authors were able to safely facilitate surgery for a patient whose deformity and frailty may otherwise have precluded this possibility. The system has potential safety and economic implications that may be of significant utility to other institutions engaging in complex spinal surgery.

An Update on Recent Advances in Cubosome: A Novel Drug Delivery System

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhukar Garg ◽  
Anju Goyal ◽  
Sapna Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Novel Drug

: Cubosomes are highly stable nanostructured liquid crystalline dosage delivery form derived from amphiphilic lipids and polymer-based stabilizers converting it in a form of effective biocompatible carrier for the drug delivery. The delivery form comprised of bicontinuous lipid bilayers arranged in three dimensional honeycombs like structure provided with two internal aqueous channels for incorporation of number of biologically active ingredients. In contrast liposomes they provide large surface area for incorporation of different types of ingredients. Due to the distinct advantages of biocompatibility and thermodynamic stability, cubosomes have remained the first preference as method of choice in the sustained release, controlled release and targeted release dosage forms as new drug delivery system for the better release of the drugs. As lot of advancement in the new form of dosage form has bring the novel avenues in drug delivery mechanisms so it was matter of worth to compile the latest updates on the various aspects of mentioned therapeutic delivery system including its structure, routes of applications along with the potential applications to encapsulate variety drugs to serve health related benefits.

scholarly journals A Novel Pseudomonas geniculata AGE Family Epimerase/Isomerase and Its Application in d-Mannose Synthesis

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1809
Author(s):  
Zhanzhi Liu ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Sheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Optimal Reaction ◽  
Gene Age

d-mannose has exhibited excellent physiological properties in the food, pharmaceutical, and feed industries. Therefore, emerging attention has been applied to enzymatic production of d-mannose due to its advantage over chemical synthesis. The gene age of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine 2-epimerase family epimerase/isomerase (AGEase) derived from Pseudomonas geniculata was amplified, and the recombinant P. geniculata AGEase was characterized. The optimal temperature and pH of P. geniculata AGEase were 60 °C and 7.5, respectively. The Km, kcat, and kcat/Km of P. geniculata AGEase for d-mannose were 49.2 ± 8.5 mM, 476.3 ± 4.0 s−1, and 9.7 ± 0.5 s−1·mM−1, respectively. The recombinant P. geniculata AGEase was classified into the YihS enzyme subfamily in the AGE enzyme family by analyzing its substrate specificity and active center of the three-dimensional (3D) structure. Further studies on the kinetics of different substrates showed that the P. geniculata AGEase belongs to the d-mannose isomerase of the YihS enzyme. The P. geniculata AGEase catalyzed the synthesis of d-mannose with d-fructose as a substrate, and the conversion rate was as high as 39.3% with the d-mannose yield of 78.6 g·L−1 under optimal reaction conditions of 200 g·L−1d-fructose and 2.5 U·mL−1P. geniculata AGEase. This novel P. geniculata AGEase has potential applications in the industrial production of d-mannose.

scholarly journals Giant Magnetoresistance and Magneto-Thermopower in 3D Interconnected NixFe1−x/Cu Multilayered Nanowire Networks

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1133
Author(s):  
Nicolas Marchal ◽  
Tristan da Câmara Santa Clara Gomes ◽  
Flavio Abreu Araujo ◽  
Luc Piraux
Keyword(s):  
Giant Magnetoresistance ◽  
Nanowire Array ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Thermoelectric Effect ◽  
Heat Management ◽  
Thermoelectric Effects ◽  
Nanowire Network ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Nanowire Networks

The versatility of the template-assisted electrodeposition technique to fabricate complex three-dimensional networks made of interconnected nanowires allows one to easily stack ferromagnetic and non-magnetic metallic layers along the nanowire axis. This leads to the fabrication of unique multilayered nanowire network films showing giant magnetoresistance effect in the current-perpendicular-to-plane configuration that can be reliably measured along the macroscopic in-plane direction of the films. Moreover, the system also enables reliable measurements of the analogous magneto-thermoelectric properties of the multilayered nanowire networks. Here, three-dimensional interconnected NixFe1−x/Cu multilayered nanowire networks (with 0.60≤x≤0.97) are fabricated and characterized, leading to large magnetoresistance and magneto-thermopower ratios up to 17% and −25% in Ni80Fe20/Cu, respectively. A strong contrast is observed between the amplitudes of magnetoresistance and magneto-thermoelectric effects depending on the Ni content of the NiFe alloys. In particular, for the highest Ni concentrations, a strong increase in the magneto-thermoelectric effect is observed, more than a factor of 7 larger than the magnetoresistive effect for Ni97Fe3/Cu multilayers. This sharp increase is mainly due to an increase in the spin-dependent Seebeck coefficient from −7 µV/K for the Ni60Fe40/Cu and Ni70Fe30/Cu nanowire arrays to −21 µV/K for the Ni97Fe3/Cu nanowire array. The enhancement of the magneto-thermoelectric effect for multilayered nanowire networks based on dilute Ni alloys is promising for obtaining a flexible magnetic switch for thermoelectric generation for potential applications in heat management or logic devices using thermal energy.

DENOISING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL DATA CUBE USING BIVARIATE WAVELET SHRINKING

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 403-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUANGYI CHEN ◽  
TIEN D. BUI ◽  
ADAM KRZYZAK
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Band ◽  
Gaussian White Noise ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Classical Problem ◽  
Data Cube ◽  
Wavelet Thresholding ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Signal Image ◽  
3D Data Cube ◽  
Better Than

The denoising of a natural signal/image corrupted by Gaussian white noise is a classical problem in signal/image processing. However, it is still in its infancy to denoise high dimensional data. In this paper, we extended Sendur and Selesnick's bivariate wavelet thresholding from two-dimensional (2D) image denoising to three-dimensional (3D) data cube denoising. Our study shows that bivariate wavelet thresholding is still valid for 3D data cubes. Experimental results show that bivariate wavelet thresholding on 3D data cube is better than performing 2D bivariate wavelet thresholding on every spectral band separately, VisuShrink, and Chen and Zhu's 3-scale denoising.

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