Mikrokapsul Ekstrak Bawang Tiwai sebagai Pengawet Pangan

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Suroto Hadi Saputra ◽  
Paluphy Eka Yustini
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Water Particle ◽  
Range Test

Applications bawang tiwaiextractin the form ofpastaI have everdone in thefoodpreservativehaving troubleamong othersinsolubleandmixedwell withthe doughingredientsof food. One alternativeto overcome these problemsismicroencapsulated bawang tiwai extract.In this study, bulb bawangtiwaiextractedwithethanol 98%. Researchusinga completely randomized designfactorial3x2was repeated3times. The firstfactorcomposition ofthe coating materialwith 3 levels, the secondfactorwith 2degreetemperature.  Analysisof variance and dunken multiplerangetestfurthertestat5% confidence levelusing thesoftwareSPSSversion20. Results oftreatment ofthe coating materialcompositionandtemperatureas well as theinteractionsignificantly affected thephenol content, water content, solubilityin water, particle size andconcentration of ethanol. The results of analysisduncanmultiplerank testof showdifferentlevels ofphenol, water content, solubilityin water, particle size andconcentration of ethanol. The results showedthe highest valuein treatment(s1p1) phenolcontent of1.50%, (s2p1) lowwater content15.27%, (s1p1) watersoluble extracthighestlevel of87.45% (s2p1) 216.77smallestparticlesizeand(s2p1) lowethanollevels15, 17ppmABSTRAKAplikasi ekstrak bawang tiwai dalam bentuk pasta yang pernah dilakukan dalam pengawet pangan mengalami kesulitan antara lain tidak mudah larut dan tercampur secara baik dengan bahan adonan pangan. Salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah mikroenkapsulasi ekstrak bawang tiwai.  Dalam penelitian ini, umbi bawang tiwai diekstrak dengan etanol 98%. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial 3 x 2 diulang 3 kali. Faktor pertama komposisi bahan penyalut dengan 3 taraf, faktor kedua suhu dengan 2 taraf. Hasil analisis sidik ragam dan uji lanjut dunken multiple range test pada tingkat kepercayaan 5% menggunakan soft ware SPSS versi 20. Analisa parameter pada penelitian ini antara lain kadar fenol, kadar air, kadar sari larut air dan ukuran partikel. Hasil perlakuan komposisi bahan penyalut dan suhu serta interaksi berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar fenol, kadar air, kelarutan dalam air, ukuran partikel dan kadar etanol. Hasil analisisduncan multiple rank test (DMRT) menunjukkan berbeda nyata terhadap kadar fenol, kadar air, kelarutan dalam air, ukuran partikel dan kadar etanol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai tertinggi pada perlakuan (s1p1) kadar fenol 1,50 %, (s2p1) kadar air terendah 15,27%, (s1p1) kadar sari larut air tertinggi 87,45%(s2p1) ukuran partikel terkecil 216,77 dan (s2p1) kadar etanol terendah 15, 17 ppm. Kata kunci : bawang tiwa,  mikroenkapsulasi, maltodekstrin, na-kaseinat, pengawet pangan.

Corrigendum to

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Guo ◽  
Jinglin Yu ◽  
Shujun Wang ◽  
Shuo Wang ◽  
Les Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Starch Digestibility ◽  
Wheat Grains

Statistical Modelling of the Particle Size Composition of an Alumina Matrix for No-Cement Self-Flowing Refractory Castables

2006 ◽  
Vol 514-516 ◽  
pp. 604-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abílio P. Silva ◽  
Ana M. Segadães ◽  
Tessaleno C. Devezas
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Particle Size Composition ◽  
Refractory Castables ◽  
System Properties

In the processing of any particulate system (including refractory castables), the finer sized particle fraction (matrix or filler) is mostly responsible for the final system properties. Alumina fine powders were used in this work as raw materials, namely two tabular alumina fractions (–500 mesh and –230 mesh) and a commercial reactive alumina. Statistical modelling and the Response Surface Methodology (Statistica, Mixtures Designs and Triangular Surfaces module) were used to optimise the particle size composition of the three-component mixtures leading to matrix maximum flowability. The mixing methodology, aimed at minimising the water content, was kept constant. No-cement alumina castables produced with the various fine size powder mixtures, were used to prepare test-pieces. After drying and sintering, their mechanical resistance (MoR), density, porosity, water absorption, thermal shock behaviour and microstructure were evaluated. The results obtained evidenced the relevance of variables such as the water content per unit specific surface area, needed to reach the self-flow “turning point”, and validated the statistical optimisation method used. Moreover those results showed the existence of a matrix composition range, which favours the formation of a flow-bed that enables the aggregate self-flow.

scholarly journals Screening the Main Factors Affecting the Wear of the Scraper Conveyor Chute Using the Plackett–Burman Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Rui Xia ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Xuewen Wang ◽  
Zhaojian Yang ◽  
Liping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Coal Particle ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Wear Loss ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Scraper Conveyor

The wear of scraper conveyor chute causes both significant economic and environmental losses by shortening the service life. The life of the chute under coal abrasive wear situations is primarily decided by operating conditions and the materials properties. The comprehensive analysis of the influence factors had not been studied before. In this paper, the Plackett-Burman design (PBD) method was used to screen the main influence factors and a regression equation was developed to predict the wear loss. The steel was tested on a modified pin-on-disk apparatus in which coal abrasive was filled in the disk. The influence factors included water content, gangue content, coal particle size, Hardgrove Grindability-Index (HGI) of the coal, normal load, and scraper chain speed. The results of the investigation suggested that the significance of water content, normal load, and gangue content on wear loss was relatively higher than the HGI of coal, scraper chain speed, and coal particle size. The wear loss increased with the increase of water content, gangue content, normal load, and coal particle size while it decreased as increase in HGI of the coal and scraper chain speed. Based on the significance of the parameters, the regression equations were derived and verified further with a number of test cases. Optical microscope studies revealed the main wear mechanism of the chute was mainly micro-cutting and corrosive wear and accompanied by fatigue fracture.

scholarly journals Normalized Hail Particle Size Distributions from the T-28 Storm-Penetrating Aircraft

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Field ◽  
Andrew J. Heymsfield ◽  
Andrew G. Detwiler ◽  
Jonathan M. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Optical Probe ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
South Dakota School ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Cloud Evolution

AbstractHail and graupel are linked to lightning production and are important components of cloud evolution. Hail can also cause significant damage when it precipitates to the surface. The accurate prediction of the amount and location of hail and graupel and the effects on the other hydrometeor species depends upon the size distribution assumed. Here, we use ~310 km of in situ observations from flights of the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology T-28 storm-penetrating aircraft to constrain the representation of the particle size distribution (PSD) of hail. The maximum ~1-km hail water content encountered was 9 g m−3. Optical probe PSD measurements are normalized using two-moment normalization relations to obtain an underlying exponential shape. By linking the two normalizing moments through a power law, a parameterization of the hail PSD is provided based on the hail water content only. Preliminary numerical weather simulations indicate that the new parameterization produces increased radar reflectivity relative to commonly used PSD representations.

A mathematical model for variation in water-retention curves among sandy soils

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.W. Hunt ◽  
A.M. Treonis ◽  
D.H. Wall ◽  
R.A. Virginia
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Sand Particle ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Matric Potential

AbstractEquations were developed to predict soil matric potential as a function of soil water content, texture and bulk density in sandy soils. The equations were based on the additivity hypothesis - that water-retention of a whole soil depends on the proportions of several particle size fractions, each with fixed water-retention characteristics. The new model is an advancement over previously published models in that it embodies three basic properties of water-retention curves: a) matric potential is zero at saturation water content, b) matric potential approaches -∞ as water content approaches zero, and c) volumetric water content in dry soil is proportional to bulk density. Values of model parameters were taken from the literature, or estimated by fitting model predictions to data for sandy soils with low organic matter content. Most of the variation in water-release curves in the calibration data was explained by texture, with negligible effects of bulk density and sand particle size. The model predicted that variation in clay content among soils within the sand and loamy sand textural classes had substantial effects on water-retention curves. An understanding of how variation in texture among sandy soils contributes to matric potential is necessary for interpreting biological activity in arid environments.

Triboelectric separation of wheat bran tissues: Influence of tribo‐material, water content, and particle size

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongwei Chen ◽  
Qing Xia ◽  
Baoping Zha ◽  
Jun Sun ◽  
Bin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Wheat Bran

scholarly journals The Physical of Biscuit Complete Ration Based on Hymenacne Acutigluma Supplemented with Different Legumes

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 01021
Author(s):  
Riswandi ◽  
Basuni Hamzah ◽  
Agus Wijaya ◽  
Arfan Abrar ◽  
S Agus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Range Test

The aim of this research was to study the effects of supplementation different legumes on the physical quality of biscuit complete ration based on hymenacne acutigluma. This study was conducted in Animal Feed and Nutrition Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, Sriwijaya University. This study was done in 2 months. A completely randomized design with four treatments and four replicates was used in this study. Each treatments were P0= 70% kumpai grass + 30% concentrate + 0% legume, P1= 55% kumpai grass + 7.5% lamtoro leaves + 7.5% water mimmosa + 30% concentrate, P2= 55% kumpai grass + 7.5% acacia leaves + 30% concentrate, and P3= 55% kumpai grass + 5% lamtoro leaves + 5% acacia leaves + 5 % water mimmosa + 30% concentrate. Variables measured were water content, density, average collision endurance, specific gravity and water absorption. The result indicated that The adding of different legumes in the ration significantly (P<0.05) affected the specific gravity and water absorption, but no significant effect on density, average collision endurance. Duncan Multirange Range Test showed that treatment of control (P0) had the highest of water absorption (264.56%). The highest content of water gravity was obtained in the treatment of adding lamtoro, acacia and water mimmosa (P3), namely 0.9 g/ml water gravity. The conclusion of this study is the addition of different legumes in kumpai grass-based diets can improve the physical quality of the complete ration biscuit. The addition of lamtoro leaves, water mimosa and acacia at the level of 5%, gave the best result in specific gravity and water absorption.

scholarly journals Kadar Serat dan Kadar Air serta Penampakan Fisik Produk Pascapanen Daun Caisim (Brassica juncea L.) yang Ditanam pada Media dengan Penambahan Pupuk Organik Hayati Cair dan Pupuk Anorganik

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Dwi Winarsih ◽  
Erma Prihastanti ◽  
Endang Saptiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Good Taste ◽  
Range Test

Caisim (Brassica juncea L.) is one of vegetable commodities that has a high commercial value. Many people like it because it has a good taste and it contains several kinds of vitamin and mineral that good for health. This research aims to know the influence of liquid bio organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer addition to post harvest product caisim leaf and know the best combination of fertilizer for post harvest product caisim leafquality. Data analysis used is Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and then continued by test significant different used Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) 95%. The caisim plant that have been harvested then being observed on its fiber content, water content, and physical appearance. The result showed thatthe addition of liquid bio organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer has not influence for water content and physical appearance of caisim leaf, but it has an influence on fiber content. Treatment with basic media with the addition of 1 mL + 2,17 g NPK is the best treatment to increase fiber content of caisim leaf Tosakan variety.   Keywords: liquid bio organic fertilizer, caisim, quality of post harvest product

Measurement of Total Water with a Tunable Diode Laser Hygrometer: Inlet Analysis, Calibration Procedure, and Ice Water Content Determination

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M. Davis ◽  
A. Gannet Hallar ◽  
Linnea M. Avallone ◽  
William Engblom
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Tunable Diode Laser ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ice Water Content ◽  
Ice Water

Abstract The University of Colorado closed-path tunable diode laser hygrometer (CLH), a new instrument for the in situ measurement of enhanced total water (eTW, the sum of water vapor and condensed water enhanced by a subisokinetic inlet), has recently been flown aboard the NASA DC-8 and WB-57F aircrafts. The CLH has the sensitivity necessary to quantify the ice water content (IWC) of extremely thin subvisual cirrus clouds (∼0.1 mg m−3), while still providing measurements over a large range of conditions typical of upper-tropospheric cirrus (up to 1 g m−3). A key feature of the CLH is its subisokinetic inlet system, which is described in detail in this paper. The enhancement and evaporation of ice particles that results from the heated subisokinetic inlet is described both analytically and based on computational fluid dynamical simulations of the flow around the aircraft. Laboratory mixtures of water vapor with an accuracy of 2%–10% (2σ) were used to calibrate the CLH over a wide range of water vapor mixing ratios (∼50–50 000 ppm) and pressures (∼100–1000 mb). The water vapor retrieval algorithm, which is based on the CLH instrument properties as well as on the spectroscopic properties of the water absorption line, accurately fits the calibration data to within the uncertainty of the calibration mixtures and instrument signal-to-noise ratio. A method for calculating cirrus IWC from the CLH enhanced total water measurement is presented. In this method, the particle enhancement factor is determined from an independent particle size distribution measurement and the size-dependent CLH inlet efficiency. It is shown that despite the potentially large uncertainty in particle size measurements, the error introduced by this method adds ∼5% error to the IWC calculation. IWC accuracy ranges from 20% at the largest IWC to 50% at small IWC (&lt;5 mg m−3).

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