scholarly journals Differences in muscle oxygenation between young and middle-aged recreationally active men during high-volume resistance exercise

Kinesiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Yftach Gepner ◽  
Joseph A. Gordon ◽  
Jay R. Hoffman ◽  
Jeffrey R. Stout ◽  
David H. Fukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Body Height ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Muscle Oxygenation ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Volume Resistance

The aim of this study was to compare muscle oxygenation of the vastus lateralis during a high-volume isokinetic resistance exercise protocol (HVP) between young adult (YA) and middle-aged adult (MA) men. Twenty recreationally trained men were assigned to either the YA (age 21.8±2.0 years, body mass 90.7±11.6 kg, body height 179±4.7 cm) or MA (age 47.0±4.4 years, body mass 96.1±21.6 kg, body height 177±7.7 cm) group. The HVP consisted of eight sets of 10 repetitions of unilateral isokinetic concentric knee extension and eccentric knee flexion at 60°·s-1. Changes in tissue hemoglobin saturation index (TSI), tissue oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (O2Hb), deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb), and muscle oxidation index (O2Hb-HHb) were measured during the exercise session using the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Data were analyzed using two-way mix factorial analyses of variance. Prior to exercise, TSI was significantly greater (p=.024) for YA compared to MA. Significant decreases in O2Hb and O2Hb-HHb and increases in HHb were observed during each of the eight sets relative to the rest periods (p<.05) for both groups. The average change during the eight sets of the HVP revealed a significantly higher (p=.036) level of HHb and a lower (p=.029) level of O2Hb-HHb for MA compared to YA. A significant negative correlation was also noted at baseline between O2Hb-HHb index and the cross-sectional area of the vastus lateralis muscle (r=-.45, p=.045). During a high- volume resistance exercise, MA experienced reduced muscle oxygen saturation levels compared to YA. These results may be attributed to reductions in local tissue oxidative capacity and reduced blood delivery occurring during middle-age, and possibly due to group differences in muscle morphology.

Intramuscular fibre conduction velocity and muscle fascicle length in human vastus lateralis

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Spyridon Methenitis ◽  
Angeliki-Nikoletta Stasinaki ◽  
Nikolaos Zaras ◽  
Konstantinos Spengos ◽  
Nikolaos Karandreas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Conduction Velocity ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Fascicle Length ◽  
Muscle Fascicle ◽  
The Relationship

Muscle fascicle length and muscle fibre conduction velocity (MFCV) are thought to be important parameters for power performance. It might be expected that faster muscle fibre conduction velocities would compensate for longer fascicle lengths to increase the speed of action potential propagation along the elongated fibres. However, the relationship between muscle fascicle length and MFCV remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between average vastus lateralis MFCV and average fascicle length. In 17 moderately trained, healthy, male, physical education students (age, 23.4 ± 3.1 years; body height, 178 ± 5.5 cm; body mass, 82.7 ± 6.9 kg; body mass index, 24.6 ± 1.5 kg·m−2) resting MFCV was measured with intramuscular microelectrodes while muscle architecture was evaluated with ultrasonography. Fascicle length was highly correlated with total MFCV (r = 0.923, p = 0.000), maximum MFCV (r = 0.949, p = 0.000), and MFCV of the fastest (r = 0.709, p = 0.001), but not of the slowest fibres (r = 0.131, p = 0.616). No significant correlations were also found between vastus lateralis thickness or fascicle angle with any of MFCV parameters (r = 0.145–0.430; R2 < 0.130; p > 0.05). These data indicate that average MFCV is associated with average fascicle length in vastus lateralis muscle in different individuals. It seems that participants with longer fascicle lengths have also higher MFCVs.

scholarly journals Effect of tapering after a period of high-volume sprint interval training on running performance and muscular adaptations in moderately trained runners

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casper Skovgaard ◽  
Nicki Winfield Almquist ◽  
Thue Kvorning ◽  
Peter Møller Christensen ◽  
Jens Bangsbo
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Trained Runners

The effect of tapering following a period of high-volume sprint interval training (SIT) and a basic volume of aerobic training on performance and muscle adaptations in moderately trained runners was examined. Eleven (8 men, 3 women) runners [maximum oxygen uptake (V̇o2max): 56.8 ± 2.9 ml·min−1·kg−1; mean ± SD] conducted high-volume SIT (HV; 20 SIT sessions; 8–12 × 30 s all-out) for 40 days followed by 18 days of tapering (TAP; 4 SIT sessions; 4 × 30 s all-out). Before and after HV as well as midway through and at the end of TAP, the subjects completed a 10-km running test and a repeated running test at 90% of vV̇o2max to exhaustion (RRT). In addition, a biopsy from the vastus lateralis muscle was obtained at rest. Performance during RRT was better ( P < 0.01) at the end of TAP than before HV (6.8 ± 0.5 vs. 5.6 ± 0.5 min; means ± SE), and 10-km performance was 2.7% better ( P < 0.05) midway through (40.7 ± 0.7 min) and at the end of (40.7 ± 0.6 min) TAP than after HV (41.8 ± 0.9 min). The expression of muscle Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA)α1, NKAβ1, phospholemman (FXYD1), and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium transport ATPase (SERCA1) increased ( P < 0.05) during HV and remained higher during TAP. In addition, oxygen uptake at 60% of vV̇o2max was lower ( P < 0.05) at the end of TAP than before and after HV. Thus short-duration exercise capacity and running economy were better than before the HV period together with higher expression of muscle proteins related to Na+/K+ transport and Ca2+ reuptake, while 10-km performance was not significantly improved by the combination of HV and tapering. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Short-duration performance became better after 18 days of tapering from ~6 wk of high-volume sprint interval training (SIT), whereas 10-km performance was not significantly affected by the combination of high-volume SIT and tapering. Higher expression of muscle NKAα1, NKAβ1, FXYD1, and SERCA1 may reflect faster Na+/K+ transport and Ca2+ reuptake that could explain the better short-duration performance. These results suggest that the type of competition should determine the duration of tapering to optimize performance.

scholarly journals Protein Supplementation to Augment the Effects of High Intensity Resistance Training in Untrained Middle-Aged Males: The Randomized Controlled PUSH Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Wittke ◽  
Simon von Stengel ◽  
Michael Hettchen ◽  
Michael Fröhlich ◽  
Jürgen Giessing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Training Stimulus ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Study Endpoint ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Single Set

High intensity (resistance exercise) training (HIT) defined as a “single set resistance exercise to muscular failure” is an efficient exercise method that allows people with low time budgets to realize an adequate training stimulus. Although there is an ongoing discussion, recent meta-analysis suggests the significant superiority of multiple set (MST) methods for body composition and strength parameters. The aim of this study is to determine whether additional protein supplementation may increase the effect of a HIT-protocol on body composition and strength to an equal MST-level. One hundred and twenty untrained males 30–50 years old were randomly allocated to three groups: (a) HIT, (b) HIT and protein supplementation (HIT&P), and (c) waiting-control (CG) and (after cross-over) high volume/high-intensity-training (HVHIT). HIT was defined as “single set to failure protocol” while HVHIT consistently applied two equal sets. Protein supplementation provided an overall intake of 1.5–1.7 g/kg/d/body mass. Primary study endpoint was lean body mass (LBM). LBM significantly improved in all exercise groups (p≤0.043); however only HIT&P and HVHIT differ significantly from control (p≤0.002). HIT diverges significantly from HIT&P (p=0.017) and nonsignificantly from HVHIT (p=0.059), while no differences were observed for HIT&P versus HVHIT (p=0.691). In conclusion, moderate to high protein supplementation significantly increases the effects of a HIT-protocol on LBM in middle-aged untrained males.

Carbohydrate Supplementation Attenuates Muscle Glycogen Loss during Acute Bouts of Resistance Exercise

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gregory Haff ◽  
Alexander J. Koch ◽  
Jeffrey A. Potteiger ◽  
Karen E. Kuphal ◽  
Lawrence M. Magee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Placebo Treatment ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Isokinetic Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Leg Exercise ◽  
Wet Weight

The effects of carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation on muscle glycogen and resistance exercise performance were examined with eight highly resistance trained males (mean ± SEM, age: 24.3 ± 1.1 years, height: 171.9±2.0 cm, body mass: 85.7 ± 3.5 kg; experience 9.9 ± 2.0 years). Subjects participated in a randomized, double blind protocol with testing sessions separated by 7 days. Testing consisted of an initial isokinetic leg exercise before and after an isotonic resistance exercise (IRT) session consisting of 3 leg exercises lasting ~39 min. Subjects consumed a CHO (1.0 g CHO ·kg body mass−1) or placebo treatment (PLC), prior to and every 10-min (0.5 g CHO ·kg body mass−1) during the IRT. Muscle tissue was obtained from the m vastus lateralis after a supine rest (REST) immediately after the initial isokinetic test (POST-ISO) and immediately after the IRT (POST-IRT). The CHO treatment elicited significantly less muscle glycogen degradation from the POST-ISO to POST-IRT (126.9 ± 6.5 to 109.7 ± 7.1 mmol·kg wet weight−1) compared to PLC (121.4±8.1 to 88.3±6.0 mmol·kg wet weight−1). There were no differences in isokinetic performance between the treatments. The results of this investigation indicate that the consumption of a CHO beverage can attenuate the decrease in muscle glycogen associated with isotonic resistance exercise but does not enhance the performance of isokinetic leg exercise.

scholarly journals Effects ofβ-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate Free Acid Ingestion and Resistance Exercise on the Acute Endocrine Response

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy R. Townsend ◽  
Jay R. Hoffman ◽  
Adam M. Gonzalez ◽  
Adam R. Jajtner ◽  
Carleigh H. Boone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Endocrine Response ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Volume Resistance ◽  
Heavy Resistance Exercise ◽  
Plasma Gh

Objective. To examine the endocrine response to a bout of heavy resistance exercise following acuteβ-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid (HMB-FA) ingestion.Design. Twenty resistance trained men were randomized and consumed either 1 g of HMB-FA (BetaTor) or placebo (PL) 30 min prior to performing an acute heavy resistance exercise protocol. Blood was obtained before (PRE), immediately after (IP), and 30 min after exercise (30P). Circulating concentrations of testosterone, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), and insulin were assayed. Data were analyzed with a repeated measures ANOVA and area under the curve (AUC) was analyzed by the trapezoidal rule.Results. The resistance exercise protocol resulted in significant elevations from PRE in testosteroneP<0.01, GHP<0.01, and insulinP=0.05at IP, with GHP<0.01and insulinP<0.01remaining elevated at 30P. A significant interaction was noted between groups in the plasma GH response at IP, which was significantly higher following HMB-FA compared to PLP<0.01. AUC analysis revealed an elevated GH and IGF-1 response in the HMB-FA group compared to PL.Conclusion. HMB-FA prior to resistance exercise augments the GH response to high volume resistance exercise compared to PL. These findings provide further support for the potential anabolic benefits associated with HMB supplementation.

Effects of Ultratrail Running on Skeletal-Muscle Oxygenation Dynamics

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Vernillo ◽  
Alfredo Brighenti ◽  
Eloisa Limonta ◽  
Pietro Trabucchi ◽  
Davide Malatesta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Oxygenation Index ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Muscle Oxygenation ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Oxygenation ◽  
Power Outputs ◽  
And Function

Purpose:To quantify changes in skeletal-muscle oxygenation and pulmonary O2 uptake (V̇O2) after an extreme ultratrail running bout.Methods:Before (PRE) and after (POST) the race (330-km, 24000 D±), profiles of vastus lateralis muscle oxygenation (ie, oxyhemoglobin [O2Hb], deoxyhemoglobin [HHb], and tissue oxygenation index [TOI]) and V̇O2 were determined in 14 athletes (EXP) and 12 control adults (CON) during two 4-min constant-load cycling bouts at power outputs of 1 (p1) and 1.5 (p1.5) W/kg performed in randomized order.Results:At POST, normalized [HHb] values increased (p1, +38.0%; p1.5, +27.9%; P < .05), while normalized [O2Hb] (p1, –20.4%; p1.5, –14.4%; P < .05) and TOI (p1, –17.0%; p1.5, –17.7%; P < .05) decreased in EXP. V̇O2 values were similar (P > 0.05). An “overshoot“ in normalized [HHb]:V̇O2 was observed, although the increase was significant only during p1.5 (+58.7%, P = .003). No difference in the aforementioned variables was noted in CON (P > .05).Conclusions:The concentric and, particularly, the eccentric loads characterizing this extreme ultratrail-running bout may have led to variations in muscle structure and function, increasing the local muscle deoxygenation profile and the imbalance between O2 delivery to working muscles and muscle O2 consumption. This highlights the importance of incorporating graded training, particularly downhill bouts, to reduce the negative influence of concentric and severe eccentric loads to the microcirculatory function and to enhance the ability of runners to sustain such loading.

Monocyte Recruitment Following High-intensity And High-volume Resistance Exercise

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 393-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Wells ◽  
Jay R. Hoffman ◽  
Adam R. Jajtner ◽  
Alyssa N. Varanoske ◽  
David D. Church ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Monocyte Recruitment ◽  
Volume Resistance

Comparison of the Effects of Electrical Stimulation and Cold-Water Immersion on Muscle Soreness After Resistance Exercise

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam R. Jajtner ◽  
Jay R. Hoffman ◽  
Adam M. Gonzalez ◽  
Phillip R. Worts ◽  
Maren S. Fragala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Average Power ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Peak Performance

Context:Resistance training is a common form of exercise for competitive and recreational athletes. Enhancing recovery from resistance training may improve the muscle-remodeling processes, stimulating a faster return to peak performance.Objective:To examine the effects of 2 different recovery modalities, neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and cold-water immersion (CWI), on performance and biochemical and ultrasonographic measures.Participants:Thirty resistance-trained men (23.1 ± 2.9 y, 175.2 ± 7.1 cm, 82.1 ± 8.4 kg) were randomly assigned to NMES, CWI, or control (CON).Design and Setting:All participants completed a high-volume lower-body resistance-training workout on d 1 and returned to the human performance laboratory 24 (24H) and 48 h (48H) postexercise for follow-up testing.Measures:Blood samples were obtained preexercise (PRE) and immediately (IP), 30 min (30P), 24 h (24H), and 48 h (48H) post. Subjects were examined for performance changes in the squat exercise (total repetitions and average power per repetition), biomarkers of inflammation, and changes in cross-sectional area and echo intensity (EI) of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis muscles.Results:No differences between groups were observed in the number of repetitions (P = .250; power: P = .663). Inferential-based analysis indicated that increases in C-reactive protein concentrations were likely increased by a greater magnitude after CWI compared with CON, while NMES possibly decreased more than CON from IP to 24H. Increases in interleukin-10 concentrations between IP and 30P were likely greater in CWI than NMES but not different from CON. Inferential-based analysis of RF EI indicated a likely decrease for CWI between IP and 48H. No other differences between groups were noted in any other muscle-architecture measures.Conclusions:Results indicated that CWI induced greater increases in pro- and anti-inflammatory markers, while decreasing RF EI, suggesting that CWI may be effective in enhancing short-term muscle recovery after high-volume bouts of resistance exercise.

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