scholarly journals MODEL PENYELESAIAN PERSELISIHAN PERKAWINAN PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ADAT DAN HUKUM ISLAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 777
Author(s):  
Muhammad Habibi Miftakhul Marwa
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Approach

<p>Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis konsep hukum perkawinan dan model penyelesaian perselisihan perkawinan untuk menghindari perceraian perspektif hukum adat dan hukum Islam. Prinsip utama dilakukan perkawinan adalah untuk mewujudkan kebahagiaan selama-lamanya bukan sementara. Perselisihan rumah tangga yang tidak segera diselesaikan menjadi salah satu pemicu terjadinya perceraian. Akibat perceraian akan menimbulkan problematika terhadap anak, harta selama perkawinan, dan status salah satu bekas suami-istri menjadi janda atau duda. Artikel ini secara spesifik fokus menganalisis bagaimana konsep perkawinan dan model penyelesaian perselisihan perkawinan menurut hukum adat dan hukum Islam. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan <em>(statute approach) </em>dan pendekatan perbandingan <em>(comparative approach).</em> Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) Hukum perkawinan adat berpedoman pada pandangan hidup masyarakat adat yang dicerminkan pada sistem kekeluargaan yang berlaku dalam masyarakat tersebut. Sedangkan, pelaksanaan hukum perkawinan Islam berdasarkan sumber hukum Islam. Perkawinan dalam hukum adat dan hukum Islam dimaksudkan untuk mewujudkan keluarga yang bahagia dan kekal abadi. Setiap terjadi perselisihan perkawinan dianjurkan untuk segera diselesaikan supaya tidak mengganggu keharmonisan rumah tangga yang dapat mengakibatkan putusnya perkawinan. (2) Model penyelesaian perselisihan perkawinan dalam hukum adat dan hukum Islam diutamakan diselesaikan melalui musyawarah untuk mufakat. Mekanisme pelaksanaan musyawarah untuk damai dalam hukum adat dilakukan terlebih dahulu oleh para pihak yang berselisih dibantu keluarga. Apabila tidak berhasil dimintakan bantuan kepada tokoh adat dan kepala desa yang dianggap memilik kewenangan dan otoritas lebih dalam penyelesaian sengketa. Sedangkan model penyelesaian perselisihan perkawinan menurut hukum Islam ialah melalui musyawarah, mediasi dan mengangkat <em>hakam.</em></p>

Lectin-Induced RBC Agglutination: Chemical vs. Cryofixation

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 664-665
Author(s):  
Dean A. Handley ◽  
Lanping A. Sung ◽  
Shu Chien
Keyword(s):  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Electrostatic Charge ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Chemical Fixation ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Minimal Cell ◽  
Membrane Stiffness ◽  
Cell Contour

RBC agglutination by lectins represents an interactive balance between the attractive (bridging) force due to lectin binding on cell surfaces and disaggregating forces, such as membrane stiffness and electrostatic charge repulsion (1). During agglutination, critical geometric parameters of cell contour and intercellular distance reflect the magnitude of these interactive forces and the size of the bridging macromolecule (2). Valid ultrastructural measurements of these geometric parameters from agglutinated RBC's require preservation with minimal cell distortion. As chemical fixation may adversely influence RBC geometric properties (3), we used chemical fixation and cryofixation (rapid freezing followed by freeze-substitution) as a comparative approach to examine these parameters from RBC agglutinated with Ulex I lectin.

"The Word of St. Gregory": the beginning of a comparative approach to supernatural

1997 ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Natalia Fatyushyna
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Domestic Literature ◽  
12Th Century

In the domestic literature, the beginnings of comparative ideas about supernatural belong to the writing of Kievan Rus. The most meaningful such representation is presented by "The Word of St. Gregory, reproduced in the interpretation of how the first pagans, that is, the pagans, worshiped the idols and laid them down, as they now do." The basis of this monument of the Kyivan culture of the 12th century, also known as the "Word of the Idols," was the sermon of the prominent patriarch Gregory the Theologian on the Epiphany, in which he reacted negatively to ancient paganism. But "The Word," as Y. Anichkov noted, is not a preaching, nor a translation of the thoughts of Gregory the Theologian, but an attempt to study Old Believers: it gives an interpretation of the work of the Byzantine theologian "in the interpretation" of the local paganism.

Trust in Modern Russia (Comparative Approach to "Social Virtues")

2010 ◽  
pp. 83-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sasaki ◽  
Yu. Latov ◽  
G. Romashkina ◽  
V. Davidenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Institutional Trust ◽  
Opinion Poll ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
International Projects

This article offers economic and sociological theory of trust, embodying the idea of "social capital" by James Coleman. It also analyzes empirical data on personal and institutional trust obtained on the basis of nationwide opinion poll in the project "Comparative studies of trust in different countries during the period of globalization". The problem of trust is considered in the context of the international projects "World Values Survey" and "Trust Barometer" which made it possible to construct a mental world map of personal and institutional trust for various countries. It is shown that Russia has not a low, but a medium level of trust. In the mental world map some patterns were presented that reflect the basic trust as a form of social capital.

Migration and family change in Egypt: a comparative approach to social remittances

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucile Gruntz ◽  
Delphine Pagès-El Karoui
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Return Policies ◽  
Social Remittances ◽  
Power Set ◽  
Gender Ideals ◽  
Gulf States ◽  
And Gender

Based on two ethnographical studies, our article explores social remittances from France and from the Gulf States, i.e. the way Egyptian migrants and returnees contribute to social change in their homeland with a focus on gender ideals and practices, as well as on the ways families cope with departure, absence and return. Policies in the home and host countries, public discourse, translocal networks, and individual locations within evolving structures of power, set the frame for an analysis of the consequences of migration in Egypt. This combination of structural factors is necessary to grasp the complex negotiations of family and gender norms, as asserted through idealized models, or enacted in daily practices in immigration and back home.

Breeding Better Babies in the Eugenic Garden City: ‘Municipal Darwinism’ and the (Anti)Cosmopolitan Utopia in the early Twentieth Century

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Currell
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Core Beliefs ◽  
Garden City ◽  
New Town ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
National Body ◽  
Practical Level ◽  
The Way

Showing how ‘modernist cosmopolitanism’ coexisted with an anti-cosmopolitan municipal control this essay looks at the way utopian ideals about breeding better humans entered into new town and city planning in the early twentieth century. An experiment in eugenic garden city planning which took place in Strasbourg, France, in the 1920s provided a model for modern planning that was keenly observed by the international eugenics movement as well as city planners. The comparative approach taken in this essay shows that while core beliefs about degeneration and the importance of eugenics to improve the national ‘body’ were often transnational and cosmopolitan, attempts to implement eugenic beliefs on a practical level were shaped by national and regional circumstances that were on many levels anti-cosmopolitan. As a way of assuaging the tensions between the local and the global, as well as the traditional with the modern, this unique and now forgotten experiment in eugenic city planning aimed to show that both preservation and progress could succeed at the same time.

Colonialism and the Highland Clearances

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain Mackinnon
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Indigenous Research ◽  
Internal Colonialism ◽  
New Approach ◽  
A Site ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Imperial State ◽  
Late Modern

This article employs a new approach to studying internal colonialism in northern Scotland during the 18th and 19th centuries. A common approach to examining internal colonial situations within modern state territories is to compare characteristics of the internal colonial situation with attested attributes of external colonial relations. Although this article does not reject the comparative approach, it seeks to avoid criticisms that this approach can be misleading by demonstrating that promoters and managers of projects involving land use change, territorial dispossession and industrial development in the late modern Gàidhealtachd consistently conceived of their work as projects of colonization. It further argues that the new social, cultural and political structures these projects imposed on the area's indigenous population correspond to those found in other colonial situations, and that racist and racialist attitudes towards Gaels of the time are typical of those in colonial situations during the period. The article concludes that the late modern Gàidhealtachd has been a site of internal colonization where the relationship of domination between colonizer and colonized is complex, longstanding and occurring within the imperial state. In doing so it demonstrates that the history and present of the Gaels of Scotland belongs within the ambit of an emerging indigenous research paradigm.

Assessment of Ecological Potential of the Aquatic Technoecosystems on the Basis of Comparative Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-86
Author(s):  
O. O. Protasov ◽  
A. A. Silayeva ◽  
T. M. Novosiolova ◽  
Y. I. Uzunov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Ecological Potential
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