scholarly journals Disparities in antimicrobial consumption and resistance within a country: the case of beta-lactams in Argentina

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Silvia Boni ◽  
Gustavo H. Marin ◽  
Laura Campaña ◽  
Lupe Marin ◽  
Alejandra Corso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Antimicrobial Consumption ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Consumption Ratio ◽  
Defined Daily Doses ◽  
And Control

Objective. To describe bacterial resistance and antimicrobial consumption ratio at the subnational level in Argentina during 2018, considering beta-lactams group as a case-study. Methods. Antimicrobial consumption was expressed as defined daily doses (DDD)/1000 inhabitants. Resistance of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus to beta-lactams was recorded. Resistance/consumption ratio was estimated calculating “R” for each region of Argentina, and this data was compared with other countries. Results. The most widely consumed beta-lactams in Argentina were amoxicillin (3.64) for the penicillin sub-group, cephalexin (0.786) for first generation cephalosporins, cefuroxime (0.022) for second generation; cefixime (0.043) for third generation and cefepime (0.0001) for the fourth generation group. Comparison between beta-lactams consumption and bacterial resistance demonstrated great disparities between the six regions of the country. Conclusions. The case-study of Argentina shows that antimicrobial consumption and resistance of the most common pathogens differed among regions, reflecting different realities within the same country. Because this situation might also be occurring in other countries, this data should be taken into account to target local efforts towards better antimicrobial use, to improve antimicrobial stewardship programs and to propose more suitable sales strategies in order to prevent and control antimicrobial resistance.

Antimicrobial Consumption and Multidrug Resistant Organisms in Intensive Care Units

2015 ◽  
pp. 209-240
Author(s):  
Fouad Farouk Jabri
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Antimicrobial Consumption ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Unit Of Measurement ◽  
And Control

Improper antimicrobial use and bacterial resistance can affect an entire community, threaten public health and create economic burdens and ecological consequences on societies. This chapter discusses the importance of counteracting this public health issue. In Saudi Arabia, the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents is of particular concern. The prescribing of broad-spectrum antimicrobials in hospital settings is not highly restricted, and antimicrobials are available over the counters in pharmacies. This unwise use provides a scenario for the emergence of bacterial resistance and subsequent public health concerns. In addition, there is a lack of representative epidemiological research on antimicrobial consumption and quantitative data linking consumption to the incidence of resistance. This chapter illustrates that the implementation and the success of the strategies that monitor and control antimicrobial consumption depend on the availability of information about the extent and patterns of antimicrobial consumption. It demonstrates the potentials and recommendations on obtaining antimicrobial consumption data using defined daily dose as a unit of measurement in Saudi hospital settings.

scholarly journals Targets for the reduction of antibiotic use in humans in the Transatlantic Taskforce on Antimicrobial Resistance (TATFAR) partner countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio D’Atri ◽  
Jacqueline Arthur ◽  
Hege Salvesen Blix ◽  
Lauri A Hicks ◽  
Diamantis Plachouras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
Antimicrobial Consumption ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
And Control

Unnecessary and inappropriate use of antibiotics in human healthcare is a major driver for the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance; many countries are implementing measures to limit the overuse and misuse of antibiotics e.g. through the establishment of antimicrobial use reduction targets. We performed a review of antimicrobial use reduction goals in human medicine in Transatlantic Taskforce on Antimicrobial Resistance partner countries. On 31 March 2017, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control sent a questionnaire to National Focal Points for Antimicrobial Consumption and the National Focal Points for Antimicrobial Resistance in 28 European Union countries, Iceland and Norway. The same questionnaire was sent to the TATFAR implementers in Canada and the United States. Thirty of 32 countries replied. Only nine countries indicated that they have established targets to reduce antimicrobial use in humans. Twenty-one countries replied that no target had been established. However, 17 of these 21 countries indicated that work to establish such targets is currently underway, often in the context of developing a national action plan against antimicrobial resistance. The reported targets varied greatly between countries and can be a useful resource for countries willing to engage in the reduction of antibiotic use in humans.

Antimicrobial Consumption and Multidrug Resistant Organisms in Intensive Care Units

2016 ◽  
pp. 151-182
Author(s):  
Fouad Farouk Jabri
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Antimicrobial Consumption ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Unit Of Measurement ◽  
And Control

Improper antimicrobial use and bacterial resistance can affect an entire community, threaten public health and create economic burdens and ecological consequences on societies. This chapter discusses the importance of counteracting this public health issue. In Saudi Arabia, the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents is of particular concern. The prescribing of broad-spectrum antimicrobials in hospital settings is not highly restricted, and antimicrobials are available over the counters in pharmacies. This unwise use provides a scenario for the emergence of bacterial resistance and subsequent public health concerns. In addition, there is a lack of representative epidemiological research on antimicrobial consumption and quantitative data linking consumption to the incidence of resistance. This chapter illustrates that the implementation and the success of the strategies that monitor and control antimicrobial consumption depend on the availability of information about the extent and patterns of antimicrobial consumption. It demonstrates the potentials and recommendations on obtaining antimicrobial consumption data using defined daily dose as a unit of measurement in Saudi hospital settings.

scholarly journals Comparing antibiotic consumption between two European countries: are packages an adequate surrogate for prescriptions?

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (46) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Watier ◽  
Philippe Cavalié ◽  
Bruno Coignard ◽  
Christian Brun-Buisson
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Antimicrobial Consumption ◽  
European Level ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Defined Daily Doses ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
And Control

Defined daily doses (DDD) are the gold standard indicator for quantifying prescriptions. Since 2014, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) has also been using the number of packages per 1,000 inhabitants per day (ipd), as a surrogate for prescriptions, to report antibiotic consumption in the community and to perform comparisons between European Union (EU) countries participating in the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption Network (ESAC-Net). In 2015, consumption was reported to range across Europe from 1.0 to 4.7 packages per 1,000 ipd. Our analysis showed that consumption of antibiotics for systemic use per 1,000 ipd was on average 1.3 times greater in France than in Belgium when considering prescriptions in the numerator, 2.5 times greater when considering packages and 1.2 times greater when considering DDD. As long as the same metrics are used over time, antibiotic consumption data aggregated and disseminated by ECDC are useful for assessing temporal trends at the European level and within individual countries; these data may also be used for benchmarking across EU countries. While DDD - although imperfect - are the most widely accepted metric for this purpose, antibiotic packages do not appear suitable for comparisons between countries and may be misleading.

Antimicrobial Consumption and Multidrug Resistant Organisms in Intensive Care Units

Biometrics ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 61-92
Author(s):  
Fouad Farouk Jabri
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Antimicrobial Consumption ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Unit Of Measurement ◽  
And Control

Improper antimicrobial use and bacterial resistance can affect an entire community, threaten public health and create economic burdens and ecological consequences on societies. This chapter discusses the importance of counteracting this public health issue. In Saudi Arabia, the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents is of particular concern. The prescribing of broad-spectrum antimicrobials in hospital settings is not highly restricted, and antimicrobials are available over the counters in pharmacies. This unwise use provides a scenario for the emergence of bacterial resistance and subsequent public health concerns. In addition, there is a lack of representative epidemiological research on antimicrobial consumption and quantitative data linking consumption to the incidence of resistance. This chapter illustrates that the implementation and the success of the strategies that monitor and control antimicrobial consumption depend on the availability of information about the extent and patterns of antimicrobial consumption. It demonstrates the potentials and recommendations on obtaining antimicrobial consumption data using defined daily dose as a unit of measurement in Saudi hospital settings.

SIMULATION AND CONTROL OF FLOODS IN A WATER NETWORK. CASE STUDY OF JIJIA RIVER CATCHMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-595
Author(s):  
Vasile Mircea Cristea ◽  
Ph.m Thai Hoa ◽  
Mihai Mogos-Kirner ◽  
Csavdari Alexandra ◽  
Paul Serban Agachi
Keyword(s):  
Water Network ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Simulation And Control ◽  
And Control

Case study: Simulation and control of high frequency noise for commercial vehicle cab considering leak

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-329
Author(s):  
Rongjiang Tang ◽  
Zhe Tong ◽  
Weiguang Zheng ◽  
Shenfang Li ◽  
Li Huang
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
High Frequency Noise ◽  
Simulation And Control ◽  
And Control

Obesity management through Ayurveda - A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dheeraj Kumar Tyagi ◽  
Shivakumar .
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Lifestyle Management ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
And Control

Lifestyle disorders are one of the biggest threats for the population living unhealthy lifestyle. Sthoulya (Obesity) is one such disorder which creates lot of physical as well as mental disorder to the sufferer. Due to changing lifestyle, comforts and dietary habit lots of individuals changed their life totally. Obesity is a growing disease in developed and developing countries. Prevalence is drastically hike in past few years. Ayurveda, the science of life with which we can manage and control lots of lifestyle disorders. Focusing on dietary and lifestyle management along with treatment, we can overcome the hazards of obesity which is growing in a uncontrolled manner. The available data is based on the clinical findings only. Aim and objective: To assess the effect of “Guru Cha Atarpanam Chikitsa” in the management of Sthoulya. Setting: Swastharakshana evam Yoga, OPD and IPD, SDMCAH, Hassan. Method: Udwarthana, Parisheka, Shamana Aushadhis, Ahara, and Vihara was followed within the treatment duration and effect of treatment was assessed before and after treatment, advised for follow up. Results: The treatment adopted is effective in the management of Sthoulya and to improve the quality of life.

A case study of wear-type rail corrugation prediction and control using speed variation

2009 ◽  
Vol 325 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 85-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Meehan ◽  
P.A. Bellette ◽  
R.D. Batten ◽  
W.J.T. Daniel ◽  
R.J. Horwood
Keyword(s):  
Rail Corrugation ◽  
Speed Variation ◽  
Prediction And Control ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Rotary steerable systems: mathematical modeling and their case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2743-2761
Author(s):  
Caetano P. S. Andrade ◽  
J. Luis Saavedra ◽  
Andrzej Tunkiel ◽  
Dan Sui
Keyword(s):  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Steering Control ◽  
Fundamental Physics ◽  
Drilling Tools ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Beam Bending ◽  
Extended Reach Drilling ◽  
And Control ◽  
2D And 3D

AbstractDirectional drilling is a common and essential procedure of major extended reach drilling operations. With the development of directional drilling technologies, the percentage of recoverable oil production has increased. However, its challenges, like real-time bit steering, directional drilling tools selection and control, are main barriers leading to low drilling efficiency and high nonproductive time. The fact inspires this study. Our work aims to contribute to the better understanding of directional drilling, more specifically regarding rotary steerable system (RSS) technology. For instance, finding the solutions of the technological challenges involved in RSSs, such as bit steering control, bit position calculation and bit speed estimation, is the main considerations of our study. Classical definitions from fundamental physics including Newton’s third law, beam bending analysis, bit force analysis, rate of penetration (ROP) modeling are employed to estimate bit position and then conduct RSS control to steer the bit accordingly. The results are illustrated in case study with the consideration of the 2D and 3D wellbore scenarios.

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