scholarly journals The feasibility of using immunocytochemical research in the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid tumors

Morphologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
O. I. Zalyubovska ◽  
N. O. Hladkykh
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Preoperative Diagnosis ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Cytokeratin 19 ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Cytoplasmic Staining ◽  
Strong Expression ◽  
E Cadherin

Background. Thyroid cancer has long been an urgent problem of health care in Ukraine and requires both improved timely detection of the disease and increased coverage by special treatment of this category of patients to improve its results. Objective. Investigate the complex of immunocytochemical and ultrasound characteristics of thyroid tumors to improve diagnostic algorithms in the preanalytical stage. Methods. During the the research work the results of diagnostics of 60 patients with thyroid neoplasms aged 21 to 83 years who underwent fine-needle aspiration. Patients were divided into three groups according to the Bethesda System (BSRTC) classification category. The 1st group included 18 patients of category II BSRTC (Benign. Group 2 included 20 patients with category V BSRTC (Suspicious for Malignancy – SFM). And other 22 patients with category VI BSRTC (malignant tumor) formed the 3rd group). Patients of all groups underwent questionnaires, ultrasound examination with FNA, cytological and immunocytochemical examination. Results. There is no clear link between E-cadherin expression and neoplasia. Negative expression occurred in 36.4% of cases of metastatic lesions. This partially satisfies the requirements of timely preoperative diagnosis. That is why E-cadherin cannot be used as a separate marker. The expression of cytokeratin-19 with different degrees of intensity of cytoplasmic staining of tumor cells was determined in all studied neoplasms of V and VI category on the BSRTC scale. Strong expression of cytokeratin-19 was observed in 40.0% of cases with BSRTC-5 and 45.4% with BSRTC-6, moderate - in 50.0% and 36.4% of cases, respectively, weak - in 10.0% and 18.2%, without significant differences between groups (p> 0.05). At the same time, in the benign process in 55.6% of cases there was no reaction of cytokeratin-19, and in 44.4% - weak expression (p <0.001 in comparison with the 2nd and 3rd groups). Conclusion. Benign thyroid disease (category II BSRTC) is likely to be associated with younger patients (46.6 ± 3.7 years), low serum REA (less than 0.95 ng / ml), poor thyroglobulin expression (77.8 %), negative reaction with TTF-1 (100%) and cytokeratin-19 (55.6%). Differential-prognostic markers of thyroid cancer with risk of malignancy (V category BSRTC) include elevated serum REA (0.95 ng / ml and above), the presence of a moderate reaction with antibodies to thyroglobulin (80.0%), a positive reaction - to TTF-1 (100.0%) and E-cadherin (90.0%), with moderate or strong expression of cytokeratin-19 (90.0%).

scholarly journals THE PRINCIPLE OF COMBINED PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS OF THYROID TUMORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-534
Author(s):  
Olga I. Zalyubovska ◽  
Nadiia O. Hladkykh ◽  
Petro O. Gritsenko
Keyword(s):  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Preoperative Diagnosis ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Cytokeratin 19 ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Strong Expression ◽  
Embryonic Antigen

The aim of the research is to increase the effectiveness of preoperative diagnosis of patients with thyroid tumors and to assess the use of cancer-embryonic antigen and immunocytochemical research. Materials and methods: Patients were interviewed about their complaints and lifestyle; performed ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration, determination of the level of cancer-embryonic antigen (CEA), cytological and immunocytochemical researches. Results: The Benign process in the thyroid gland is low serum REA (less than 0.95 ng / ml), poor expression of thyroglobulin (77.8%), negative reaction with TTF-1 (100%) and cytokeratin-19 (55.6%). Differential-prognostic markers of thyroid neoplasms with risk of malignancy include increased serum REA (0.95 ng / ml and above), the presence of a moderate reaction with antibodies to thyroglobulin (80.0%), a positive reaction — to TTF-1 (100.0%) and E-cadherin (90.0%), with moderate or strong expression of cytokeratin-19 (90.0%). Statistically significant markers of malignant thyroid disease were determined: the presence of harmful factors at work (45.5%), smoking (27.3%), elevated serum REA (0.95 ng / ml and above), the presence of strong cytoplasmic expression of thyroglobulin (63.6%), moderate or strong expression of TTF-1 (90.9%) and cytokeratin-19 (81.8%). Conclusions: The most appropriate and practically significant for preoperative diagnosis of thyroid tumors is a set of several diagnostic methods, which are carried out in one hospital – ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration, cytomorphological, and immunocytochemical and REA levels in a primary screening.

scholarly journals The Immunocytochemistry Is a Valuable Tool in the Diagnosis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer in FNA's Using Liquid-Based Cytology

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalliopi Pazaitou-Panayiotou ◽  
Nikolas Mygdakos ◽  
Kyriaki Boglou ◽  
Anastasia kiziridou ◽  
Alexandra Chrisoulidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cytokeratin 19 ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Cytological Features ◽  
E Cadherin

Introduction. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common malignancy of the thyroid. An accurate cytological diagnosis is based on distinctive cytological features in combination with immunocytochemistry.Methods. A number of 83 fine needle aspirations, positive for papillary thyroid cancer (44 from thyroid nodules and 39 from cervical lymph nodes), were studied using Thin Layer Cytology. A panel of the immunomarkers Cytokeratin-19, Galectin-3, HBME1, CD-44, CD-56, and E-Cadherin was performed.Results. Positive expression of CK-19 was observed in 77 cases (92.7%), of Galectin-3 in 74 cases (89.1%), of HBME1 in 65 (78.3%), and of CD-44 in 72 cases (86.7%). Loss of expression of CD-56 was observed in 80 cases (96.4%) and of E-cadherin in 78 (93.9%).Conclusions. Our data suggest that Thin Layer Cytology increases the diagnostic accuracy in papillary carcinoma and seems to be a promising technique for further investigation of thyroid lesions permitting the possibility to use archive material. Positive immunoexpression of CK-19, Galectin-3, HBME-1, and CD-44 improves the diagnostic accuracy of papillary thyroid cancer. Furthermore, loss of E-cadherin and of CD-56 expression is a feature of malignancy.

Immunoscintigraphy in Medullary Thyroid Cancer Using an 123I- or 111ln-Labelled Monoclonal Anti-CEA Antibody Fragment

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (06) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chr. Eilles ◽  
W. Spiegel ◽  
W. Becker ◽  
W. Börner ◽  
Chr. Reiners
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Potassium Iodide ◽  
Medullary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Antibody Fragment ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Medullary Thyroid ◽  
Medullary Cancer ◽  
Serum Cea

The monoclonal anti-CEA F(ab’)2 fragment MAb BW 431/31, labelled with 123I or111 In, was used for immunoscintigraphy (IS) in 9 patients with medullary cancer of the thyroid (CCC). The results of 11 studies lead to the following conclusions: 1) When using radioiodine as a label for MAb in IS, potassium iodide is absolutely necessary to block the thyroid which is of special importance in patients with thyroid cancer; 2) Preinjection of “cold” MAb reduces the relatively high unspecific uptake (especially in bone marrow) of MAb BW 431/31, which is of special importance for the antibody labelled with 111 In; 3) IS with MAb BW 413/31 in patients with CCC and elevated serum CEA is positive only in cases with large secondaries; and 4) In patients with CCC and several manifestations of secondaries, only a single (large) metastasis may be apparent.

scholarly journals Notch Signaling Is Involved in Expression of Thyrocyte Differentiation Markers and Is Down-Regulated in Thyroid Tumors

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 4080-4087 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ferretti ◽  
E. Tosi ◽  
A. Po ◽  
A. Scipioni ◽  
R. Morisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Notch Pathway ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Differentiation Markers ◽  
Thyroid Follicular Cells ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Cells

Context: Notch genes encode receptors for a signaling pathway that regulates cell growth and differentiation in various contexts, but the role of Notch signaling in thyroid follicular cells has never been fully published. Objective: The objective of the study was to characterize the expression of Notch pathway components in thyroid follicular cells and Notch signaling activities in normal and transformed thyrocytes. Design/Setting and Patients: Expression of Notch pathway components and key markers of thyrocyte differentiation was analyzed in murine and human thyroid tissues (normal and tumoral) by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The effects of Notch overexpression in human thyroid cancer cells and FTRL-5 cells were explored with analysis of gene expression, proliferation assays, and experiments involving transfection of a luciferase reporter construct containing human NIS promoter regions. Results: Notch receptors are expressed during the development of murine thyrocytes, and their expression levels parallel those of thyroid differentiation markers. Notch signaling characterized also normal adult thyrocytes and is regulated by TSH. Notch pathway components are variably expressed in human normal thyroid tissue and thyroid tumors, but expression levels are clearly reduced in undifferentiated tumors. Overexpression of Notch-1 in thyroid cancer cells restores differentiation, reduces cell growth rates, and stimulates NIS expression via a direct action on the NIS promoter. Conclusion: Notch signaling is involved in the determination of thyroid cell fate and is a direct regulator of thyroid-specific gene expression. Its deregulation may contribute to the loss of differentiation associated with thyroid tumorigenesis.

Combined Treatment with Laser Ablation and Tyrosine-Kinase Inhibitor as a Novel Multimodality Approach to Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer: a Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnese Persichetti ◽  
Salvatore Monti ◽  
Carmela Coccaro ◽  
Federica Presciuttini ◽  
Maria Grazia Deiana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Tumor Burden ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Multimodality Approach

Background: Direct locoregional treatments were recently proposed for the local control of cervical and distant metastasis of thyroid cancer, but data on their use as part of a multimodality approach for primary thyroid tumors are poor. In this feasibility study, laser ablation (LTA) was successfully used for the initial debulking of unresectable radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer in sequential therapy with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKI). Clinical case: A 69-year-old woman underwent partial resection of papillary thyroid cancer with extensive tracheal infiltration. Post-treatment whole-body scan (131I, 8140 MBq) showed the absence of cervical thyroid uptake. The patient experienced a rapid increase in her cervical mass associated with dysphonia, dyspnea, and dysphagia. Due to a concomitant severe hypertensive state and cardiac failure, the patient was treated with LTA after a multidisciplinary consultation. After local anesthesia, two 300 nm optic fibers were inserted into the lesion through 21G spinal needles. Two illuminations with 4-watt output power and 3600 Joules energy delivery were performed with a diode-laser source. LTA resulted in rapid cancer debulking, and mass volume decreased from 23.9 to 7.5 mL resulting in significant improvement of pressure symptoms. Three months later, the patient was started on lenvatinib due to the initial regrowth of the tumor mass. The cervical tumor burden was controlled by TKI for 20 months when a rapid disease progression occurred, and the patient died. Discussion: Locally advanced, unresectable, and radioiodine-refractory thyroid tumors can be managed with a novel multimodality approach. The initial debulking with LTA of the locally aggressive disease results in rapid control of the tumor burden threatening patients’ life and is effectively followed by long-term control with TKI treatment. Conclusion: Based on this experience, sequential multimodality treatment with an initial locally directed laser ablation procedure followed by TKI therapy may be considered as a salvage option in patients with unresectable and rapidly progressive RR thyroid tumors.

INFORMATIVE VALUE OF SONOELASTOGRAPHY IN THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF FOLLICULAR THYROID CANCER

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Lyubov A. Timofeeva ◽  
Tatiana N. Aleshina ◽  
Marina E. Baranova ◽  
Marina A. Yusova ◽  
Natalia N. Nikolaeva
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Preoperative Diagnosis ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Follicular Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Multiparametric Ultrasound

In recent years, the opportunities of radiation diagnostic methods have stepped far ahead and today they play a leading role at the stage of preoperative diagnosis of thyroid diseases. The most promising of them is multiparametric ultrasound examination, as well as sonoelastography associated with it. Strain elastography and shear wave elastography make it possible to determine the boundaries of pathological formation and quantitative characteristics of nodular stiffness, which is important when determining the boundaries of invasive tumor growth, primarily thyroid cancer, when planning an upcoming surgical intervention. The article describes a clinical case of radiation diagnosis made for follicular thyroid cancer; it shows the importance of multiparametric ultrasound, including sonoelastography, in the early detection of thyroid cancer. A timely diagnosis and a correct chosen tactics for treating follicular thyroid cancer resulted in a favorable disease outcome.

Markedly elevated serum preoperative thyroglobulin predicts radioiodine refractory thyroid cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Cheng ◽  
Shichen Xu ◽  
Yun Zhu ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Jiandong Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Elevated Serum

Elevated Serum TSH in Human Thyroid Cancer

Oncology ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Hargadine ◽  
J.M. Lowenstein ◽  
F.S. Greenspan
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Serum Tsh

scholarly journals Ptimary thyroid lymphomas and other rare thyroid tumors

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Diklic ◽  
Vladan Zivaljevic ◽  
Ivan Paunovic ◽  
Ksenija Krgovic ◽  
Rastko Zivic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Residual Tumor ◽  
Hashimoto Thyroiditis ◽  
Local Relapse ◽  
Thyroid Tumor ◽  
Recurrent Nerve ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Treatment Frequency ◽  
Recurrent Nerve Palsy

Primary thyroid lymphomas are rare. Surgery is seldom indicated. The aim of the study is to find out the main characteristics of primary thyroid lymphomas in our patients, indications for surgery and the possibility of treatment, frequency and characteristics of rare thyroid tumors. Method: retrospective study of 1044 patient operated for malignant thyroid tumor. Results: From 1995 to may 2003, we operated upon 15 patients with primary thyroid lymphomas, 2 men and 13 women mean age of 50.12 years (from 22 to 74 years), also one patient of age 69 with insular thyroid cancer. Reason for surgery was thyroid tumor in all, compressive disturbances in 9, among them 4 with asphyxia. Radical total thyroidectomy was performed in 4 (26.7%), whole in others some residual tumor tissue was could not be removed in spite of thyroidectomy in 3, hemithyroidectomy in 2, tumor debulking in 5 and only open biopsy was performed in one patient. There was no operative mortality, no postoperative hypocalcaemia and no recurrent nerve palsy. Histological type of tumor was Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 13 patients, Hodgkin disease in 2 female patients of age 22 and 24. Hashimoto thyroiditis was present in 3 patients. After surgery, 13 patients were treated with chemotherapy, one patient died one month after the operation and one patient refused chemotherapy. Follow-up data are available for 9 patients and the mean follow-up period was 20 months (1-48months). Three patients died after a month, 2 and 3 years after surgery. Six patients are without local relapse. In one patient who refused chemotherapy, a year after thyroid surgery, resection of large intestine was performed because of lymphoma of the colon. Conclusion: Malignant thyroid lymphomas are rare. They present with rapidly growing thyroid tumor, compression and asphyxia. Surgery is only temporarily effective and it is necessary to start with chemo-radiotherapy as soon as possible. Rare forms of thyroid cancer have to be histological recognized in order to choose the best way of treatment.

E-Cadherin Expression in Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasms: An Unrecognized Finding and Potential Diagnostic Pitfall

2020 ◽  
pp. 106689692093813
Author(s):  
Patrick Shenjere ◽  
Richard Chasty ◽  
Anshuman Chaturvedi ◽  
Michael W. Dennis ◽  
Angelia Ong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cell ◽  
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell ◽  
Primary Myelofibrosis ◽  
Diagnostic Pitfall ◽  
Strong Expression ◽  
Erythroid Precursors ◽  
Cell Neoplasm ◽  
Erroneous Diagnosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
E Cadherin

E-cadherin is expressed in hematopoietic erythroid precursors, but to our knowledge, its expression in blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) has not been described. We report a case of BPDCN showing strong expression of E-cadherin, arising in a patient with history of primary myelofibrosis. Four more cases of BPDCN tested all showed strong expression of E-cadherin. Lack of awareness of this pattern of expression may lead to erroneous diagnosis of acute erythroid leukemia. It is increasingly becoming important to correctly identify this group of neoplasms, as approved new anti-CD123–targeted therapies are becoming available.

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