scholarly journals The influence of parenteral influenza vaccination on local immunity indices and microbiota of oropharyngeal secretion in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
D.I. Zabolotny ◽  
O.F. Melnikov ◽  
S.V. Timchenko ◽  
M.B. Sambur ◽  
O.G. Rylska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Interferon Α ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Upper Respiratory

When studying the effect of vaccines against influenza, attention is mainly paid to obtaining high titers of protective antibodies in the blood and reducing the incidence of respiratory infections among vaccinated people. At the same time, the changes  occurring in patient,s body from the factors of local specific and innate immunity remain insufficiently studied. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of parenteral influenza vaccination on the state of local immunity, cytology and microbiota of oropharyngeal secretion (OS) in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract. The study of immunological and microbiological parameters was performed in 32 patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract, including 11 diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis, 9 – with chronic tonsillitis, 12 – with chronic pharyngitis, 3 and 12 weeks after vaccination with trivalent inactivated influenza-vaccine (PASTEUR, SA, France), which was administered intramuscularly. Single vaccination against influenza A and B has been shown to normalize reduced local humoral immunity indices, in particular sIgA and immune complexes concentrations, increase lymphocyte output to oropharyngeal secretions and cause a significant decrease in the representation of OS transient microflora without affecting the overall level of bacterial contamination. In both periods after the vaccination the reduced content of interferon-α in the OS of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract did not change. The obtained data allow to recommend vaccination against influenza virus in the period up to 3 months before the the beginning of mass infections as an effective means of stimulating the protective reactions of local immunity of oropha­rynx and nasopharynx mucous membranes in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

scholarly journals Clinical and immunological changes in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract at different periods after administration of influenza vaccine. Message 1. The influence of parenteral influenza vaccination on the clinical condition and indicators of systemic humoral immunity in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Dmitry I. Zabolotny ◽  
Oleg F. Melnikov ◽  
Sergei V. Timchenko ◽  
Oksana G. Rylska ◽  
Inna V. Faraon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Total Ige ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Topicality: Today, as an assessment of the effectiveness of vaccination against influenza infection is to determine the level of antibodies against influenza virus hemagglutinin, which is determined by the reaction of inhibition of hemagglutination. It is known that the effect of vaccination with modern drugs is short-lived, compared with what remains after the disease. Therefore, there is a need for further vaccinations, which are carried out without taking into account the state of immunity in those who will be vaccinated. This raises the question of the appropriateness of this approach in individuals who, according to this indicator, can already be considered protected from influenza infection and how often such patients occur in clinical practice. Material and methods: From the autumn-winter period of 2019 to November 2020, 32 donors and 32 patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract of both sexes who were not vaccinated for 1 year before the study were examined. Among these patients, 11 were diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis, 9 with chronic tonsillitis, and 12 with chronic pharyngitis. All patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract underwent a complete otolaryngological examination prior to influenza vaccination and were monitored for another 36 weeks thereafter. Attention was paid to their general clinical condition, cases of exacerbations of chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract and the number of episodes of acute respiratory viral infections during the year before vaccination according to the anamnesis and for the observation period during the post-vaccination period. Samples of serum venous blood of donors, as well as persons with chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract were obtained at the initial examination, and in vaccinated patients 3, 12 and 36 weeks after vaccination and stored at -20°C (Ardo, Italy) until the simultaneous detection of antibodies (Ab) to influenza A and B viruses by hemagglutination inhibition reaction with human erythrocytes 0 group. Trivalent influenza inactivated split vaccine Vaxigrip (France) was used both for vaccination and in the determination of Ab in the blood for influenza viruses. In all examinations, the titer of anti-influenza Ab and the content of immune complexes were determined in the sera of patients, and the content of total IgE was measured in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract before and after 12 and 36 weeks. Statistical processing of the obtained results was performed in accordance with the recommendations of Glantz. Results: In 41% of those examined protectively significant titers of antibodies to hemagglutinins of vaccine strains of influenza virus vaccine Vaxigrip were detected in the blood. Parenteral vaccination of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract against influenza helped to improve the course of their underlying clinical disease and reduce their incidence of acute respiratory viral infections within 36 weeks after vaccination. The effect of increasing the level of antibodies to hemagglutinins of influenza virus remained at the limit of 3 months and decreased. Influenza vaccination in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract with the presence of most of them at the time of vaccination of clinically significant protective titers of antibodies to hemagglutinins vaccine strains of viruses led to an increase in blood in the long term of the vaccination process levels of immune complex and total IgE relative to their initial level, while these indicators did not exceed the limits of their physiological values. Conclusion: Single parenteral influenza vaccination leads to a short-term increase in the blood of specific projective antibodies, improving the clinical condition of patients with inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract, increasing the level of immune complexes and total IgE.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PARENTERAL INFLUENZA VACCINATION ON THE CELL COMPOSITION AND ITS MICROBIOTA OF THE OROPHARYNGEAL SECRETION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
M.D. Timchenko ◽  
S.V. Timchenko ◽  
L.I. Volosevich
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Cell Composition ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Relevance. Until recently, the issues of changes in immunological and microbiological parameters of the oropharynx in vaccinated against viral infections remain insufficiently covered. Objective: to determine the effect of parenteral influenza vaccination on the cellular and microbial composition of the oropharyngeal secretion in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract with the presence of anamnestic antibodies to vaccine strains of viruses. Materials and methods. Oropharyngeal secretion samples of 18 patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract studied before and 3, 12, and 36 weeks after vaccination with inactivated split influenza vaccine. As control 25 donors were used. The cell composition of the sediment was determined. A microbiological study of the oropharyngeal secretion was performed. Results. At 3 and 12 weeks after vaccination, vaccinated patients significantly changed the relative rates of entry into the oropharyngeal secretion of lymphocytes and the composition of its microbiota while maintaining its total number. After 36 weeks, the cell composition and the representation of pathogenic and opportunistic microflora practically returned to baseline with a significant increase in the total microbiota. Conclusions. Parenteral administration of inactivated split vaccine to persons with chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract with the presence in the blood of anamnestic antibodies to vaccine strains of viruses is accompanied by a simultaneous temporary increase in lymphocyte representation with a simultaneous decrease in the number of transfusion microflora in the oropharyngeal secretion.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the low-molecular inductor of interferon of Amiksin® in treatment and preventive maintenance of the chronic recurrent inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
A. E. Shulzhenko ◽  
I. N. Zuikova ◽  
A. V. Karaulov ◽  
R. V. Shchubelko
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Symptomatic Therapy ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Interferon Inductor

Introduction. In the formation of recurrent and/or prolonged chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract in addition to the known, previously studied, factors that play an important role in the violation of the human immune system at the level of local (mucosal) and systemic immunity and activation of herpes virus group (Epstein Virus Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus type 6). In the treatment of herpesvirus infections, activation of antiviral immunity in domestic medicine used drugs interferon inducer. Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of interferon inductor Amiksin® in patients with chronic recurrent inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Materials and methods. Based on separation of “Allergy and Immunotherapy” SSC “Institute of Immunology” FMBA studied low-molecular interferon inductor Amixin® (JSC “Pharmstandard-Tomskhimpharm”, Russia) in the treatment of chronic recurrent inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract. The study included 40 patients between men and women, aged 18 to 65years old with a history of recurrent chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Clinical research methods included a medical history, previous efficiency of the treatment, the presence of comorbidities. Laboratory methods include bacteriological crop on flora in the material from the oropharynx and the detection of DNA viruses of herpes group in saliva. Patients of the main group, after clinical and laboratory examination, prescribed therapy with Amixin®. Patients in both groups received symptomatic therapy. The total duration of observation of each patient was 3 months. Results. Amiksin® receiving the drug in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic recurrent upper respiratory tract inflammatory diseases contributed to a more rapid relief of general and local symptoms. Also it found that reduces performance Amiksin® average viral load against Epstein-Barr virus. Over the next 3 months follow-up, 25 % of patients the main group marked exacerbation study pathology of the upper respiratory tract, in the control group of patients with recurrent exacerbations were more - 60 %, indicating that preventive action Amiksin® therapy. Conclusions: The use of low-molecular interferon inductor Amiksin®(JSC “Pharmstandard-Tomskhimpharm”, Russia) in the combined therapy showed good efficacy in reducing the concentration of chronic viral infections in the oropharynx and prevention of chronic relapsing inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

scholarly journals Application of mucosecretolytics of plant origin in otorinolaryngology

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Serebryakova ◽  
T. I. Garashchenko ◽  
A. O. Kuznetsov ◽  
A. O. Akhinyan
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Laryngeal Mucosa ◽  
Upper Respiratory

In modern otorhinolaryngology the use of herbal remedies, so-called clinical homeopathy, is widely used both as a basic and as part of complex therapy. A special place among this category belongs to medicines with secretolytic and mucolytic properties. This is due to the developed mucociliary system of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, which primarily suffers in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Most chemical mucoactive preparations have only one of the three mucosecretolytic effects and have a large number of contraindications. Herbal preparations, such as those containing Myrtol standardized, have secretolytic and mucolytic properties at the same time. Phytopreparations have deservedly occupied a leading place in the treatment of otorhinolaryngological diseases, as they have practically no contraindications and are successfully used in patients with comorbid pathology, children of all age groups and pregnant women. The efficacy of using preparations containing Myrtol standardized in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs and chronic atrophic diseases of the upper respiratory tract has been studied in a number of randomized clinical trials. The authors analysed 21 literature sources, reflecting the results of using mucosecretolytic drugs in otorhinolaryngology. In the complex treatment of acute rhinosinusitis and rhinopharyngitis the use of natural mucosecretolytic drugs significantly reduces the period of disability and avoids bacterial complications in both adult and paediatric practice. Mucolytic and antioxidant properties of preparations containing Myrtol allow for long-term effective therapy of subatrophic and atrophic processes of pharyngeal and laryngeal mucosa in elderly patients with comorbid pathology. An analysis of randomised trials has proven the efficacy of plant-based mucosecretolytics in the treatment of not only acute but also chronic upper respiratory tract diseases

scholarly journals Immunodiagnostics, immunotherapy and immunoprophylaxis in the clinic of otolaryngology. Message 2. Indicators of local immunity in assessment of clinical and laboratory status of patients in inflammatory ENT diseases (Analytical summary)

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Oleg F. Melnikov ◽  
Dmitry I. Zabolotny ◽  
Diana D. Zabolotna ◽  
Alexander Yu. Bredun ◽  
Oksana G. Rylska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
The State ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Topicality: It is considered proven that the state of the immune system determines the development and course of many pathological processes, which are based on inflammation. At the same time, taking into account modern trends in assessing the immunological status, a mandatory component is to determine the state of local immunity in the upper respiratory tract. Aim: to conduct an integral analysis of data to determine the state of local immunity in inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract (URT) to select the optimal necessary informative indicators. Materials and methods: A generalization of the data of immunological studies of 168 people with inflammatory pathology of the upper respiratory tract (VDS) was carried out, of whom 42 had chronic tonsillitis (CT), 36 – chronic rhinitis (HR – catarrhal form), 40 – chronic pharyngitis (CP), 28 – secretory mean otitis media (CO), 22 people made up the control group (C) of practically healthy donors. The age of the surveyed was from 14 to 60 years, the duration of the diseases was from 1 to 5 years, female patients predominated (~ 60%). The examination was carried out at the stage of clinical remission. The material for the research was mixed saliva, in which the content of immunolobulins and citrokines was investigated by the ELISA method: enzyme immunoassay, the following factors of immunity and inflammation in the CGS were determined: - secretory and monomeric form of immunoglobulin A (Hema Medica, RF); - immunoglobulins of classes G, M (Hema Medica, RF); - interleukins – 1β; 4; 8; 10 (Cytokine, RF); - interferons α and γ (Cytokine, RF); - pro- and defensins (Nucalt bioteknology, Netherlands); - macrophage inflammatory protein-Mip-1b (Assauro, USA); - salivary lysozyme (Diagnostik Nord, Germany). Statistical processing was carried out using the methods of Student’s t-criterion and angular transformation “φ” according to Fisher. Results: Integral of all methods for determining various types of immunity in diseases of the upper respiratory tract with a chronic course is the insufficiency of factors of both innate and acquired immunity, especially during the period of clinical remission of the disease. A special role in protective reactions belongs to the humoral component, in which the most stable indicator is the level of class A secretory immunoglobulin; it has been shown that almost all the studied components of the immune response had abnormalities in the presence of a chronic inflammatory process in the upper respiratory tract and they can be presented as a line the degree of decrease in the frequency of deviations: secretory IgA, IgG., pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1β and IL-8), γ-interferon, lysozyme, defensin-β, Mip-1b. Conclusion: The developed criteria and approaches to assessing systemic immunity in patients with inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract can be used in examining patients and assessing the effectiveness of therapy.

scholarly journals New prospects for local etiotropic treatment of acute respiratory viral infections

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
A. A. Krivopalov ◽  
V. A. Shatalov ◽  
S. V. Shervashidze
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

According to WHO, the respiratory system diseases are currently inside the ten most common pathologies. The modern strategy for treating influenza and ARVI gives priority to the antiviral and immunostimulating agents, but the symptomatic drugs, which include preparations based on silver and its compounds, also play an important role. The large positive experience in using silver preparations supported by numerous clinical studies shows their high efficacy and satisfactory safety profile in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the nose and upper respiratory tract in children and adults.

scholarly journals Modern possibilities of herbal medicine in the treatment of acute inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
A. V. Gurov ◽  
A. V. Muzhichkova
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Pelargonium Sidoides ◽  
Medicinal Substances ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

The article provides data on the effectiveness of the use of the drug in the treatment of acute, chronic and recurrent diseases of the respiratory tract and ENT organs. The drug is an extract of Pelargonium sidoides. From the standpoint of modern pharmacology, it is known that the use of natural products based on plant materials ensures safety and the absence of pronounced side effects. The main active ingredients of pelargonium are phenolic compounds: coumarins, flavonoids and phenolic acids. The article details the biochemical and pharmacological properties of each of the above groups of compounds. It has been shown that the presence of several classes of phenolic compounds simultaneously contributes to the potentiation of the pharmacological effects of each group separately. Therefore, drug has a pronounced polytropic effect: antiviral, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, mucolytic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytoprotective. The article presents the results of numerous domestic and foreign randomized, placebo-controlled studies demonstrating its high efficacy and safety in the treatment of ENT diseases, upper respiratory tract infections and bronchitis, not only in adults, but also in children over 1 year old. On the basis of the analyzed and presented material, the authors concluded that the use of a natural-based drug in the treatment of acute respiratory infection is effective and safe, both as monotherapy and in combination with other medicinal substances. He is able to quickly eliminate not only the symptoms of inflammation, but also to support the body with any ailments of this type.

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