scholarly journals Comparative microbiological analysis of raw fishes and sun-dried fishes collected from the Kawran bazaar in Dhaka city, Bangladesh

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 846-851
Author(s):  
I.T. Nur ◽  
B. Ghosh ◽  
M. Acharjee
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Coliform Count

Along with the raw fishes, dry fishes also have a huge contribution to meet up the demand of protein in our daily meal. The assay of microbiological quality is therefore needed to ensure the public health safety. The present study was emphasized on the existence of pathogenic bacteria in raw and dry fish. A total of 50 samples of raw fishes and sun-dried fishes was accumulated aseptically for microbiological quality analysis. Isolation of bacteria was done by spread plate method. All the samples including both (raw and dry) fishes harbored bacteria and fungi up to 106 CFU/g. E. coli was found in all samples as a specific pathogen. In case of raw fishes total viable count (TVC) and total coliform count (E. coli) were recorded up to 2.5x106 CFU/g and 5.2 x104 CFU/g respectively whereas a significant load of Salmonella spp. was observed in almost all samples. Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were present up to 5 x102 CFU/g and 1.8 x 102 CFU/g respectively. Likewise, total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (E. coli) and fungal load were recorded in dry fish up 3.50 x 105 CFU/g, 1.2 x103 CFU/g respectively. Fungal growth was observed in all experimental raw and dried fishes. For most of the pathogenic isolates, higher rates of resistance were found against Ceftriaxone, Penicillin, Nalidixic acid, Neomycin. On the other hand, most of the isolates were found to retain higher sensitivity against Imipenem, Ciprofloxacin, Tetracyclin and Amoxicillin. This data suggested that the dry fish harbored fewer bacteria than raw fish and sun drying method is still a useful technique for the preservation of fish.

scholarly journals Effect of Antibacterial Agents on the Microbial Flora of Some Fruits and Vegetables.

2020 ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
Omorodion Nnenna ◽  
Oriji Gift
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Bacillus Spp

Six samples of fruits (apple, banana, mango, orange, pineapple and watermelon) and six samples of vegetables (cabbage, carrot, cucumber, lettuce, potato and tomato) were purchased from wokem market in Choba town PH, Rivers State and microbiological analysis were carried out these fruits and vegetables samples and the effects of the antimicrobial agents (Ethanol and Hydrogen peroxide) on the microbial load. The Total viable count, Total coliform count and Escherichia count were determined via standard microbiological methods. The Total viable count ranged from 4.1x10106 to 1.0x107 cfu/g Total coliform count from 4.5x107 to 1.5x106 cfu/g nd the E.coli count ranged from 5.1x102 to 1.0x102 cfu/g. The Total viable count for apple ranged between to 5.1 x107 to 2.07x109 , Cabbage 1.45x109 to 4.9x107 , banana 1.10x109 to 5.9x107 , cucumber 1.82x108 to 6.0x107. The microorganisms isolated were Escherichia coli 42%, Staphylococcus aureus 30%, Pseudomonas spp 18%, Bacillus spp,6% and Serratia spp, 2%. Hydrogen perioxide had a high pathogen reduction rate than ethanol.The isolation of E coli and other pathogenic microorganisms indicates the presences of faecal contamination and the poor hygienic production, storage and transport system. Fruits and vegetables should be properly handled from their seeds planted in the farm to the matured ones sold in the market

scholarly journals Public Health Safety in Relation to Microbiological Quality of Freshly Drawn Cow’s Milk in Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
R Khaton ◽  
MA Hasnat ◽  
S Rahman ◽  
MM Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Milk Samples

The aim of the present study was to determine the microbial quality of freshly drawn cow’s milk belonging to the arsenic affected and non-affected areas. In the present work 25 milk sample were collected from five different arsenic affected and non-affected areas. The analysis comprised enumeration of total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC) and total staphylococcal count (TSC) for the determination of sanitary quality. The highest total viable count, total coliform count and total staphylococcus count were log 5.894 ± 0.221, log 2.832± 0.129 and log 2.898 ± 0.162 respectively. Staphylococcus spp, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp and Bacillus spp were isolated from the milk samples. Among them Escherichia coli were isolated from the maximum milk samples. It is found that the level of microbial quality in terms of TVC, TCC and TSC were high in arsenic affected areas than arsenic non-affected area. It also found that TVC and TCC were positively correlated with each other. This survey indicates that most of the raw milk samples were not satisfactory in course of public health standard as some pathogenic bacteria were detected from these samples and it is necessary to improve the hygienic practices required for the handling and processing of milk.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v12i2.21297 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2014). 12 (2): 231-236 

Irradiation of Chewable Tobacco Mixes for Improvement in Microbiological Quality

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 678-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAHUL G. WARKE ◽  
ANU S. KAMAT ◽  
MADHUSUDAN Y. KAMAT
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Chewable Tobacco ◽  
Sterilization Dose ◽  
Mold Count

Microbiological quality of chewable tobacco mixes traditionally known as “Gutkha” was studied. The microbiological analysis of 15 samples analyzed revealed high bacterial and fungal counts. The total viable counts were in the range of 1.8 × 104 to 7.2 × 104 CFU g−1 and the yeast and mold count from 3.6 × 103 to 7.1 × 104 CFU g−1. The proteolytic and lipolytic counts were 9 × 102 to 2.6 × 103 CFU g−1 and 2.6 × 103 CFU g−1, on an average, respectively. Lecithinase-positive Staphylococcus aureus was found in 2 of the 15 samples analyzed; the counts were up to 3.4 × 103 CFU g−1. Coliform and Salmonella spp. were found to be absent. Aflatoxins B1, B2, and G2 were found to be present in all the samples. These samples were exposed to gamma radiation (60Co) at 1-, 2-, 3-, 5-, 10-, and 25-kGy doses. The decrease in total viable count and fungal count was noticed with increase of radiation dose. The 3-kGy dose was observed to be the sterilization dose for Gutkha. At this dose no survival of organisms was noticed and no revival was observed during postirradiation storage at room temperature for 6 months.

scholarly journals Microbiological analysis of pasteurized and fresh fruit juice sold in Rawalpindi of Pakistan

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Batool ◽  
SS Tahir ◽  
N Rauf ◽  
R Kalsoom
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Freshly prepared and pasteurized fruit juices sold by vendors in local market of Rawalpindi city from 10 locations were analyzed for the microbiological quality. Total viable count (TVC), total coliform, faecal coliform, molds and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms such as E. coli, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, and fungi like Aspergillus, Pencillum, Rhizopus were determined .In open fruit juices available in city were highly contaminated with bacteria and fungi. E. coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, and Pseudomonas were isolated with different frequency. Aspergillus, Pencillum and Rhizopus were also found in juices especially Aspergillus was with high percentages. The pasteurized juices have less contamination as compared to the fresh juices samples. The number and type of microorganisms recovered from the freshly squeezed fruit juices made them unsafe for drinking. The results of this study demonstrate the unhygienic quality of popular types of market vended freshly squeezed fruit juices and their risk to the consumers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i3.17329 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 48(3), 185-192, 2013

scholarly journals Microbiological Quality and Adulteration of Pasteurized and Raw Milk Marketed in Dharan, Nepal

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Dhiren Subba Limbu ◽  
Kamana Bantawa ◽  
Dil Kumar Limbu ◽  
Mandira Devkota ◽  
Monika Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Standard Guideline ◽  
Routine Monitoring

 This study was aimed to evaluate the quality of raw and pasteurized milk marketed in Dharan. Milk may be contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms and a mixture of several adulterants and such milk pose a risk to consumers. The study was carried out from September 2019 to January 2020. Collected samples were tested for adulterants (starch, formalin, neutralizer and table sugar) as well as microbial quality (Total Coliform count, Total Viable Count, Thermoduric Count, Escherichia. coli and Staphylococcus aureus) as per standard guideline. The adulterants starch, formalin and neutralizer were not detected in both raw and pasteurized milk. However, table sugar was present in 45% (9 out of 20) raw milk and 90% (18 out of 20) pasteurized milk. The average Total Viable Count, Total Coliform Count and Thermoduric Count of raw milk were, 59×105 CFU/ml, 14×104 CFU/ml and 5×103 CFU/ml respectively. Similarly, the average Total Viable Count, Total Coliform Count and Thermoduric Count of pasteurized milk were found to be 15×104 CFU/ml, 14×103CFU/ml and 4×103 CFU/ml respectively. E. coli was detected in 30% pasteurized milk whereas S. aureus was isolated from only 20%. Likewise, E.coli and S. aureus were found in 55% and 45% of raw milk respectively. The results of the study indicated that routine monitoring of dairy industries and raw milk vendors, awareness campaign and good hygienic practice should be promoted to upgrade the quality of raw and pasteurized milk.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation of bacterial load in river and lake waters of Dhaka city, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
Md Suprio Sadat Sikdar ◽  
Maruf Abony ◽  
Tamanna Zerin ◽  
Avijit Banik ◽  
Suvamoy Datta
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Lake Waters ◽  
Analysis Of Waters

Surface water is often contaminated due to human excreta and urban and industrial pollution. The increased population growth and industrialization are likely to exacerbate the situation. Microbiological analysis of waters from rivers (Turag and Buriganga) and lakes (Banani and Dhanmondi) around Dhaka city were conducted for Spring, Monsoon and Fall seasons of the year, 2016 and 2017. Total Viable Count (TVC), Total Coliform Count (TCC), Total Fecal Coliform Count (TFCC) and Total Salmonella Shigella Count (TSSC) were conducted to obtain bacterial load in both enriched and without enrichment water samples. All the Isolates were identified by microscopy, cultural characteristics and biochemical methods. Most of the water reservoirs have a decline in the bacterial load in monsoon where the microbial load of pathogens is highest during spring. Without enrichment, E. coli, Enterobacter sp., Klebsiella sp. and S. aureus were abundant, where others like Shigella sp., Proteus sp., Serratia sp., Pseudomonas sp., Acinetobacter sp., and Alcaligenes faecalis mostly exhibited growth following enrichment. Results indicate that pathogenic environmental isolates can cause serious health issue if water is left untreated or poorly treated from reservoirs within and around Dhaka city. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 35 Number 2 December 2018, pp 116-121

scholarly journals Hygiene management in newborn individually housed dairy calves focusing on housing and feeding practices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Heinemann ◽  
Caroline D Leubner ◽  
Jason J Hayer ◽  
Julia Steinhoff-Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Protein Residues ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hygiene Management ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Calf Rearing

Abstract In calf rearing, the first weeks of life are critical and associated with the highest mortality due to enteric and respiratory diseases. A well-implemented hygiene management can help to protect calves´ health preventively by reducing the load of pathogenic bacteria and interrupting infection chains. The aim of this study was to identify deficiencies in hygiene management of individually housed dairy calves by surveying current practice and examining feeding and housing equipment with different hygiene indicators. On 11 farms, different locations in 2 pens or hutches for individual calf rearing prepared for restocking and 2 feeding buckets per farm, including the inner and outer surfaces of artificial teats, were visually scored for cleanliness and sampled with swabs (housing equipment: n = 167; feeding equipment: n = 120). The sanitation of floors was tested with sock samples (n = 41). A total of 328 samples were analyzed for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and protein residues, aerobic total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC), Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria (ESBL) and Salmonella spp. After evaluation of these results, the farmers were informed about the findings and trained on improvement in hygiene management personally. The sampling was repeated after one year to detect possible changes in hygiene management. The highest bacterial loads (TVC, TCC and E. coli) were observed in feeding equipment, especially the inner teat of milk feeding buckets. Environmental samples, primarily the sidewalls and back walls of tested pens and hutches, exhibited the lowest bacterial counts and ATP and protein residues. All samples were negative for MRSA and Salmonella spp. In 10.5% of all samples, ESBL was detected, and in 6.8%, ESBL E. coli was detected, predominately in sock samples, followed by feeding equipment samples. Training in hygiene management showed only limited effects. In conclusion, there is still great potential to improve the implementation of hygiene measures in individual calf housing. In particular, more attention should be paid to the cleaning of feeding buckets and artificial teats, as this is a simple means of interrupting the possible spread of pathogens among calves.

scholarly journals Assessment of Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of Public Swimming Pools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kokebe Yedeme ◽  
Melese Hailu Legese ◽  
Almaz Gonfa ◽  
Somson Girma
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Swimming Pool Water

Background: From swimming pools, bathers may acquire many potential pathogens or may be affected by the physicochemical characteristics of water used during bathing. Hence, this study aimed at assessing the physicochemical and microbiological quality of public swimming pools located at different hotels and recreation center in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method: A cross sectional study was carried out from February to May, 2016. Nine hotels and one recreation center which recognized to have public swimming services were included. A total of 60 swimming pool water samples from 10 swimming pools were collected at deeper, shallow and intake point twice on a weekly basis using a 250 ml sterile bottle containing sodium thiosulphate. PH, residual chlorine and temperature of samples were recorded at the time of collection. Sample containing bottles were transported in ice box to microbiological laboratory and analyzed on the same day. Standard cultural and biochemical methods were used for isolation and characterization of the main microbial groups. Total viable count, total coliform count, fecal coliform count and E. coli were determined. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Results: Average PH and temperature of swimming pool water samples were 7.1 and 29oC respectively. Of all analyzed water samples, 58.4% (n=35/60) of them had PH range of 7.2-7.8, 58.3% (n=35/60) of samples had temperature in the range of 21oC-32oC and 25% (n=15/60) of water samples had residual chlorine in the range of 2-3mg/l. 73.3% (n=44/60) of the samples had a total viable count below 200 MPN/ml and 70% (n-42/60) of the samples had Total Coliform Count values less than 2 MPN/100 ml. Moreover, 66.7% (n=40/60) of the samples had fecal coliform counts falling below 1 MPN /100 ml. E. coli was absent in 70% (n=42/60) of the samples while it was present in 30% (n=18/60) of the samples. Conclusion: PH, residual chlorine and temperature value of majority of the swimming pools’ water samples were within the acceptable limit. Regarding microbial quality, most swimming pools’ water samples complied to the WHO standard. Swimming pools that did not comply to the standard both in physicochemical levels and microbial quality need improvement due to their significant health implication.

scholarly journals Microbial Status and Multidrug Resistance Pattern of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Street Food in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Avijit Banik ◽  
Maruf Abony ◽  
Suvamoy Datta ◽  
Syeda Tasneem Towhid
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Coliform Count

Aims: This study aims to evaluate the microbiological safety in street foods available in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Study Design: Seven categories of street foods were collected aseptically in triplicates from 10 locations of the most populous areas of Dhaka city, transported to the microbiology laboratory of Center of Excellence, Primeasia University, Dhaka. The samples were analyzed for microbiological quality. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, between November 2015 to March 2017. The microbiological analysis was done at the microbiology laboratory of the Center for Excellence Laboratory (CEL), Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh. Methodology: Ninety street food samples belonging to 7 different categories were collected aseptically from ten different places in Dhaka. All samples were tested according to the standard food analysis methods. Total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC), total Salmonella-Shigella count (TSSC) and total S. aureus count (TSAC) were estimated by using Plate Count agar (PCA), MacConkey agar, Salmonella-Shigella agar and Mannitol Salt agar plates respectively. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar was used to determine the sensitivity of the isolated strains to commonly prescribed antibiotics. Results: Fried Aubergine, sugarcane juice, potato balls, peanut, rice cake, sweetened coconut, local salty snacks nimki and chanachur, sesame cookies revealed high total viable count (1011 CFU/gm or /mL) and high total coliform count (109 CFU/g or /mL). Some street foods were found to contain potential pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp. and Campylobacter spp. Some of the isolates of E. coli, S. aureus and Salmonella isolates were found to be resistant against azithromycin (15 µg), sulphomethoxazole (25 μg), penicillin (10 µg), nalidixic acid (30 µg), vancomycin (30 µg) and tetracycline (30 μg). Conclusion: This study reveals the presence of pathogenic bacteria in street foods of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Hence, there is a necessity for strict surveillance on microbial safety of street foods. There should be public engagement projects for.public awareness against consumption of low-quality and unhygienic street foods of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Investigation of microbial contamination of Powdered Infant Formula during different storage periods after opening

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Khalid Al-atrash
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Powdered Infant Formula ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Significant Difference

The present study was carried out to knowing effect different storage periods of the microbial quality for the Powdered Infant Formula (PIF) after opening the tin, and ensuring from the safety note (after opening, use within 3 weeks). Thirty (30) samples of (PIF) from category (1 – 6 months) in five different types are collected from pharmacies and local markets in Baquba city / Iraq, which are used as substitutes for breast milk during the first day of opening the tin powders such as Total viable count, Total coliform count, Salmonella count and Yeast and Molds count. These experiments repeated at each week of same samples within (5) weeks. Results were obtained at opening the tin, Total viable count (less than 0.05 1.0 x 103 ±1.5x10 CFU/g) were significantly higher than Total Coliform count (less than 0.05 ± 0.3 x 10 CFU/g) and Total Salmonella count (less than 0.05 0 x 10 CFU/g) and Yeasts and Molds (less than 0.05 ± 0.3 x 10 CFU/g). while results obtained at fifth week were (less than 0.05 8.8 x 103 ±5.5x102 CFU/g), (less than 0.05 0.9 x 102 ± 0.4x101 CFU/g), (less than 0.05 0 x 10 CFU/g), (less than 0.05 9.5 x 10 ± 1.2x101 CFU /g) respectively. All samples of (PIF) having non-significant difference. These results compared to Iraqi Quality Standards (IQS), all the results from the opening samples to fifth week were within the range of IQS and USA Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and as indicates the hygienic condition of (PIF) without risk level for human health. also observed increase in microbial contamination in each week because increase the moisture content for powdered milk. Can be used more than 3 weeks after opening if stored in good conditions with good hygienic practices during milk preparation.

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