scholarly journals Effect of Antibacterial Agents on the Microbial Flora of Some Fruits and Vegetables.

2020 ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
Omorodion Nnenna ◽  
Oriji Gift
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Bacillus Spp

Six samples of fruits (apple, banana, mango, orange, pineapple and watermelon) and six samples of vegetables (cabbage, carrot, cucumber, lettuce, potato and tomato) were purchased from wokem market in Choba town PH, Rivers State and microbiological analysis were carried out these fruits and vegetables samples and the effects of the antimicrobial agents (Ethanol and Hydrogen peroxide) on the microbial load. The Total viable count, Total coliform count and Escherichia count were determined via standard microbiological methods. The Total viable count ranged from 4.1x10106 to 1.0x107 cfu/g Total coliform count from 4.5x107 to 1.5x106 cfu/g nd the E.coli count ranged from 5.1x102 to 1.0x102 cfu/g. The Total viable count for apple ranged between to 5.1 x107 to 2.07x109 , Cabbage 1.45x109 to 4.9x107 , banana 1.10x109 to 5.9x107 , cucumber 1.82x108 to 6.0x107. The microorganisms isolated were Escherichia coli 42%, Staphylococcus aureus 30%, Pseudomonas spp 18%, Bacillus spp,6% and Serratia spp, 2%. Hydrogen perioxide had a high pathogen reduction rate than ethanol.The isolation of E coli and other pathogenic microorganisms indicates the presences of faecal contamination and the poor hygienic production, storage and transport system. Fruits and vegetables should be properly handled from their seeds planted in the farm to the matured ones sold in the market

scholarly journals Comparative microbiological analysis of raw fishes and sun-dried fishes collected from the Kawran bazaar in Dhaka city, Bangladesh

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 846-851
Author(s):  
I.T. Nur ◽  
B. Ghosh ◽  
M. Acharjee
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Coliform Count

Along with the raw fishes, dry fishes also have a huge contribution to meet up the demand of protein in our daily meal. The assay of microbiological quality is therefore needed to ensure the public health safety. The present study was emphasized on the existence of pathogenic bacteria in raw and dry fish. A total of 50 samples of raw fishes and sun-dried fishes was accumulated aseptically for microbiological quality analysis. Isolation of bacteria was done by spread plate method. All the samples including both (raw and dry) fishes harbored bacteria and fungi up to 106 CFU/g. E. coli was found in all samples as a specific pathogen. In case of raw fishes total viable count (TVC) and total coliform count (E. coli) were recorded up to 2.5x106 CFU/g and 5.2 x104 CFU/g respectively whereas a significant load of Salmonella spp. was observed in almost all samples. Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were present up to 5 x102 CFU/g and 1.8 x 102 CFU/g respectively. Likewise, total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (E. coli) and fungal load were recorded in dry fish up 3.50 x 105 CFU/g, 1.2 x103 CFU/g respectively. Fungal growth was observed in all experimental raw and dried fishes. For most of the pathogenic isolates, higher rates of resistance were found against Ceftriaxone, Penicillin, Nalidixic acid, Neomycin. On the other hand, most of the isolates were found to retain higher sensitivity against Imipenem, Ciprofloxacin, Tetracyclin and Amoxicillin. This data suggested that the dry fish harbored fewer bacteria than raw fish and sun drying method is still a useful technique for the preservation of fish.

Investigation of microbial contamination of Powdered Infant Formula during different storage periods after opening

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Khalid Al-atrash
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Powdered Infant Formula ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Significant Difference

The present study was carried out to knowing effect different storage periods of the microbial quality for the Powdered Infant Formula (PIF) after opening the tin, and ensuring from the safety note (after opening, use within 3 weeks). Thirty (30) samples of (PIF) from category (1 – 6 months) in five different types are collected from pharmacies and local markets in Baquba city / Iraq, which are used as substitutes for breast milk during the first day of opening the tin powders such as Total viable count, Total coliform count, Salmonella count and Yeast and Molds count. These experiments repeated at each week of same samples within (5) weeks. Results were obtained at opening the tin, Total viable count (less than 0.05 1.0 x 103 ±1.5x10 CFU/g) were significantly higher than Total Coliform count (less than 0.05 ± 0.3 x 10 CFU/g) and Total Salmonella count (less than 0.05 0 x 10 CFU/g) and Yeasts and Molds (less than 0.05 ± 0.3 x 10 CFU/g). while results obtained at fifth week were (less than 0.05 8.8 x 103 ±5.5x102 CFU/g), (less than 0.05 0.9 x 102 ± 0.4x101 CFU/g), (less than 0.05 0 x 10 CFU/g), (less than 0.05 9.5 x 10 ± 1.2x101 CFU /g) respectively. All samples of (PIF) having non-significant difference. These results compared to Iraqi Quality Standards (IQS), all the results from the opening samples to fifth week were within the range of IQS and USA Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and as indicates the hygienic condition of (PIF) without risk level for human health. also observed increase in microbial contamination in each week because increase the moisture content for powdered milk. Can be used more than 3 weeks after opening if stored in good conditions with good hygienic practices during milk preparation.

scholarly journals Microbiological Analysis of Beef Meat Collected at different Hours of the Day in Ekpoma Town Market

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
P. I. Okoh
Keyword(s):  
Viable Count ◽  
Meat Sample ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Beef Meat ◽  
Proteolytic Bacteria ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Meat Samples

A study on the microbiological analysis of beef meat collected at different hours of the day in Ekpoma market was carried out. 1 Kg of meat sample was purchased from the market at the different times (8 am, 12 noon and 5 pm) respectively. A part was cut into ten samples of ten grams each, which served as replicates. They were put in a clean polythene bag, labeled accordingly, and taken to the laboratory for microbiological analysis. Ten grams of the meat samples were weighed and homogenized into 90 mls of sterile distiller de-ionized water, using a sterile warring blender and ten folds dilution of the homogenates was made using sterile pipettes. Mean counts of total proteolytic bacteria count (TPC), total viable count (TVC), Coliforms, Salmonella spp, Pseudomonas organisms and Bacillus spp, were all determined in the collected samples. Results from the study showed that total proteolytic bacteria count (TPC) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in samples collected at 5pm having 7.867, compared with those collected at 12 noon and 8 am having 6.050 and 5.267 log10 CFU/g respectively. Total viable count (TVC) were significantly (P<0.05) lesser at 8am having 4.517, compared with 12 noon and 5 pm which recorded 5.520 and 7.723 log10 CFU/g respectively. Also, coliforms counts were significantly (P<0.05) higher at 5 pm when compared at 12 noon and 8 am, while Pseudomonas count recorded significantly (P<0.05) lesser value at 8 am having 1.193, compared with 12 noon and 5 pm which had 2.500 and 3.557 log10 CFU/g respectively. Total Bacillus counts also recorded a significantly (P<0.05) lesser values of 1.100 at 8am compared with 1.823 at 12noon and 3.030 at 5 pm, while those of Salmonella spp. recorded significantly (P<0.05) higher value of 3.030 at 5 pm compared with 3.283 and 2.937 log10 CFU/g recorded at 12 noon and 8 am respectively. This shows that microbiological analysis of beef meat were higher as the time (hours) of the day progressed. In conclusion, meat should be bought from the market in the early hours (8 am) of the day.

scholarly journals Public Health Safety in Relation to Microbiological Quality of Freshly Drawn Cow’s Milk in Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
R Khaton ◽  
MA Hasnat ◽  
S Rahman ◽  
MM Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Milk Samples

The aim of the present study was to determine the microbial quality of freshly drawn cow’s milk belonging to the arsenic affected and non-affected areas. In the present work 25 milk sample were collected from five different arsenic affected and non-affected areas. The analysis comprised enumeration of total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC) and total staphylococcal count (TSC) for the determination of sanitary quality. The highest total viable count, total coliform count and total staphylococcus count were log 5.894 ± 0.221, log 2.832± 0.129 and log 2.898 ± 0.162 respectively. Staphylococcus spp, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp and Bacillus spp were isolated from the milk samples. Among them Escherichia coli were isolated from the maximum milk samples. It is found that the level of microbial quality in terms of TVC, TCC and TSC were high in arsenic affected areas than arsenic non-affected area. It also found that TVC and TCC were positively correlated with each other. This survey indicates that most of the raw milk samples were not satisfactory in course of public health standard as some pathogenic bacteria were detected from these samples and it is necessary to improve the hygienic practices required for the handling and processing of milk.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v12i2.21297 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2014). 12 (2): 231-236 

scholarly journals Bacterial Analysis of Different Types of Ice Creams from Dhaka City

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
Sabrina Akter ◽  
Sangita Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Good Manufacturing Practice ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ice Creams

Different types of ice creams available in Dhaka were analyzed for their bacteriological quality. A total number of 24 ice cream samples from two different brands (Brand 1 and 2) were collected from street vendors and local shops of different parts of Dhaka city. Average total viable count in the Brand 1 samples ranged from 9.5x102 to 4.72 x104 cfu/ml, while total coliform count and fecal coliform counts were 2.3x101 to 2.43x103 cfu/ml and zero to 100 cfu/ml, respectively. In case of Brand 2, average total viable count, total coliform count and fecal coliform count were 9.5x103 to 4.43x104 cfu/ml; 10 to 2.49x103 cfu/ml and zero to 200 cfu/ml, respectively. Bacteria isolated from the ice cream samples included Staphylococcus sp. (96%), Bacillus sp (50%), Listeria sp. (41.66%), Micrococcus sp. (12.5%), Escherichia coli (8.33%) and Klebsiella sp (8.33%). Presence of these bacteria in the ice cream indicates the lack of good manufacturing practice in the production of ice cream, which imposes great risk to the consumers.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 29, Number 1, June 2012, pp 41-43

scholarly journals Microbiological Quality and Adulteration of Pasteurized and Raw Milk Marketed in Dharan, Nepal

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Dhiren Subba Limbu ◽  
Kamana Bantawa ◽  
Dil Kumar Limbu ◽  
Mandira Devkota ◽  
Monika Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Standard Guideline ◽  
Routine Monitoring

 This study was aimed to evaluate the quality of raw and pasteurized milk marketed in Dharan. Milk may be contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms and a mixture of several adulterants and such milk pose a risk to consumers. The study was carried out from September 2019 to January 2020. Collected samples were tested for adulterants (starch, formalin, neutralizer and table sugar) as well as microbial quality (Total Coliform count, Total Viable Count, Thermoduric Count, Escherichia. coli and Staphylococcus aureus) as per standard guideline. The adulterants starch, formalin and neutralizer were not detected in both raw and pasteurized milk. However, table sugar was present in 45% (9 out of 20) raw milk and 90% (18 out of 20) pasteurized milk. The average Total Viable Count, Total Coliform Count and Thermoduric Count of raw milk were, 59×105 CFU/ml, 14×104 CFU/ml and 5×103 CFU/ml respectively. Similarly, the average Total Viable Count, Total Coliform Count and Thermoduric Count of pasteurized milk were found to be 15×104 CFU/ml, 14×103CFU/ml and 4×103 CFU/ml respectively. E. coli was detected in 30% pasteurized milk whereas S. aureus was isolated from only 20%. Likewise, E.coli and S. aureus were found in 55% and 45% of raw milk respectively. The results of the study indicated that routine monitoring of dairy industries and raw milk vendors, awareness campaign and good hygienic practice should be promoted to upgrade the quality of raw and pasteurized milk.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation of bacterial load in river and lake waters of Dhaka city, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
Md Suprio Sadat Sikdar ◽  
Maruf Abony ◽  
Tamanna Zerin ◽  
Avijit Banik ◽  
Suvamoy Datta
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Lake Waters ◽  
Analysis Of Waters

Surface water is often contaminated due to human excreta and urban and industrial pollution. The increased population growth and industrialization are likely to exacerbate the situation. Microbiological analysis of waters from rivers (Turag and Buriganga) and lakes (Banani and Dhanmondi) around Dhaka city were conducted for Spring, Monsoon and Fall seasons of the year, 2016 and 2017. Total Viable Count (TVC), Total Coliform Count (TCC), Total Fecal Coliform Count (TFCC) and Total Salmonella Shigella Count (TSSC) were conducted to obtain bacterial load in both enriched and without enrichment water samples. All the Isolates were identified by microscopy, cultural characteristics and biochemical methods. Most of the water reservoirs have a decline in the bacterial load in monsoon where the microbial load of pathogens is highest during spring. Without enrichment, E. coli, Enterobacter sp., Klebsiella sp. and S. aureus were abundant, where others like Shigella sp., Proteus sp., Serratia sp., Pseudomonas sp., Acinetobacter sp., and Alcaligenes faecalis mostly exhibited growth following enrichment. Results indicate that pathogenic environmental isolates can cause serious health issue if water is left untreated or poorly treated from reservoirs within and around Dhaka city. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 35 Number 2 December 2018, pp 116-121

scholarly journals Microbial Status and Multidrug Resistance Pattern of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Street Food in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Avijit Banik ◽  
Maruf Abony ◽  
Suvamoy Datta ◽  
Syeda Tasneem Towhid
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Coliform Count

Aims: This study aims to evaluate the microbiological safety in street foods available in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Study Design: Seven categories of street foods were collected aseptically in triplicates from 10 locations of the most populous areas of Dhaka city, transported to the microbiology laboratory of Center of Excellence, Primeasia University, Dhaka. The samples were analyzed for microbiological quality. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, between November 2015 to March 2017. The microbiological analysis was done at the microbiology laboratory of the Center for Excellence Laboratory (CEL), Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh. Methodology: Ninety street food samples belonging to 7 different categories were collected aseptically from ten different places in Dhaka. All samples were tested according to the standard food analysis methods. Total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC), total Salmonella-Shigella count (TSSC) and total S. aureus count (TSAC) were estimated by using Plate Count agar (PCA), MacConkey agar, Salmonella-Shigella agar and Mannitol Salt agar plates respectively. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar was used to determine the sensitivity of the isolated strains to commonly prescribed antibiotics. Results: Fried Aubergine, sugarcane juice, potato balls, peanut, rice cake, sweetened coconut, local salty snacks nimki and chanachur, sesame cookies revealed high total viable count (1011 CFU/gm or /mL) and high total coliform count (109 CFU/g or /mL). Some street foods were found to contain potential pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp. and Campylobacter spp. Some of the isolates of E. coli, S. aureus and Salmonella isolates were found to be resistant against azithromycin (15 µg), sulphomethoxazole (25 μg), penicillin (10 µg), nalidixic acid (30 µg), vancomycin (30 µg) and tetracycline (30 μg). Conclusion: This study reveals the presence of pathogenic bacteria in street foods of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Hence, there is a necessity for strict surveillance on microbial safety of street foods. There should be public engagement projects for.public awareness against consumption of low-quality and unhygienic street foods of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Quality of ultra-high temperature treated milk available in Gazipur and Mymensingh of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-136
Author(s):  
MY Arafat ◽  
R Habib ◽  
MSR Siddiki ◽  
MF Imam
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Uht Milk ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Ultra High Temperature

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the quality of existing ultra-high temperature (UHT) treated milk available in two selected town markets of Bangladesh. A total of 27 UHT milk samples from three different brands–Pran Dairy (A), Aarong Dairy (B) and Farm Fresh (C) were collected from local markets at Mymensingh and Gazipur districts during the period of 1stSeptember to 29th November, 2014. Parameters studied in this experiment were organoleptic (flavour, consistency, colour and appearance), physic-chemical (specific gravity, acidity, total solids, solids-not-fat, fat, protein, lactose, and ash) and microbiological (Total Viable Count and Coliform Count). All the samples were similar in respect of color, flavor, taste and texture, and no significant difference was observed. However, significant differences were revealed (p<0.05) in case of specific gravity, acidity, total solids, solids-not-fat, and protein content. On the other hand, insignificant differences were found (p>0.05) in case of fat, lactose, and ash content. Total Viable Count and Coliform count were found to be nil in all the milk samples. Milk samples of Farm Fresh UHT milk were superior to other brands of UHT Milk in terms of contents of total solids (119.23±0.57 g/kg),fat (34.97±0.35g/kg), lactose (43.23±0.51g/kg), and ash (7.00±0.26g/kg). Though there were some fluctuations in all the parameters studied, all the milk samples conformed to the standard values for UHT milk, and in general all of the UHT milk samples studied in this experiment was of good quality.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2015. 44 (3):132-136

scholarly journals Detection and identification of public health important pathogens present in fruit salads sold on Lagos State University campus

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Adedayo Emmanuel Ogunware ◽  
Odubiyi Opeyemi Esther ◽  
Pelumi Abimbola Adedigba ◽  
Adesewa Adeyinka Adekoya
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
State University ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Bacillus Spp

A total of fifteen pre-packaged fruit salad samples containing pineapple, water melon, pawpaw and cucumber sold in the Lagos State University, Ojo Campus was analyzed using culture techniques for its microbial qualities. Five bacteria genera isolates obtained are Bacillus spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas spp, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus and the three fungi genera isolates are Aspergillus species, Penicillium species, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Escherichia coli had the highest frequency of (40%) followed by Streptococcus with (20%), Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas has the same frequency of (13%). The total viable count was in the range of 1.6 × 105 cfu/g to 5.65 × 105 cfu/g while the total coliform count ranged from 1.0 × 105 to 3.3 × 105 cfu/g. The fungal count ranged from 1.5 × 105 to 3.4 × 105 cfu/g. This study revealed that fruit salads in the studied area needs proper sanitation practice during processing in order to avoid risks associated with the consumption of contaminated fruits for the consumers.

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