scholarly journals Architectural style spreads its wings: New Zealand Architecture in the 1880s

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Christine McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Women Workers ◽  
Architectural History ◽  
Banking Crisis ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Economic Depression ◽  
General Business ◽  
Family Distress

The 1880s was a period in New Zealand of economic depression. It caused "unemployment, family distress, ragged children and exploited women workers, general business collapse, a crash in the property market, a ten-year banking crisis, bankruptcies and unstable ministries." But despite this Hodgson identifies this period in New Zealand's architectural history as one when: "Architectural style ... started to spread its wings and this period contains some fine examples of building design which was definitely out of the mainstream."

Catch Animal Spirits in Auction: Evidence from New Zealand Property Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Shi ◽  
M. Humayun Kabir
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Animal Spirits

scholarly journals Transcultured Architecture: Mudéjar’s Epic Journey Reinterpreted

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 137-151
Author(s):  
Ila Nicole Sheren
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
New World ◽  
Architectural History ◽  
Visual Language ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Medieval Spain ◽  
Fernando Ortiz ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
Art And Architecture

The Mudéjar phenomenon is unparalleled in the history of architecture. This style of architecture and ornamentation originated with Arab craftsmen living in reconquered medieval Spain. Embraced by Spanish Christians, Mudéjar traveled over the course of the next four centuries, becoming part of the architectural history of Latin America, especially present-day Mexico and Peru. The style’s transmission across different religions and cultures attests to its ability to unify disparate groups of people under a common visual language. How, then, did mudejar managto gain popularity across reconquered Spain, so much so that it spread to the New World colonies? In this article, I argue that art and architecture move more fluidly than ideologies across boundaries, physical and political. The theory of transculturation makes it possible to understand how an architectural style such as Mudéjar can be generated from a cultural clash and move to an entirely different context. Developed in 1947 by Cuban scholar and theorist Fernando Ortíz, transculturation posited means by which cultures mix to create something entirely new. This process is often violent, the result of intense conflict and persecution, and one culture is almost always defeated in the process. The contributions of both societies, however, coexist in the final product, whether technological, artistic, or even agricultural. I argue that mudejar in Latin America is a product of two separate transculturations: the adoption of Arab design and ornamentation by Spanish Christians, and the subsequent transference of these forms to the New World through the work of indigenous laborers.

scholarly journals Expecting the unexpected: Redefining the home to adapt to the lifetime requirements of its occupants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sarah Groom
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Modular System ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Property Market ◽  
The Government

<p>What happens when the home expects the unexpected?  Since the beginning of the current housing price rise in 2012, homeownership in New Zealand has become increasingly difficult. The desire to enter the property market has been impeded by the unsuitability of current housing stock that no longer meets the needs of the modern household.  While it is widely accepted by economists, yet denied by politicians, New Zealand is amid a housing crisis. The government is addressing the issue by introducing a means to allow housing to be produced more quickly. This new housing is expected to mitigate the issues surrounding a shortage of land and population increase, by developing a large proportion of new developments in the classification of medium density housing.  With a shortfall of 10,000 houses per annum, the current situation presents an opportunity to reassess how medium density housing (MDH) is configured in New Zealand. To break the cycle of housing stock rendering itself unsuitable in the future, this thesis aims to investigate how housing could be designed to allow for change over time.  All age groups stand to benefit from a home that is carefully planned and considers their lifetime needs. An established design framework enables the prefabricated modular system to adapt, reflecting the lifetime requirements of its occupants.  The outcome is an innovative, alternate design solution that considers the wellbeing of occupants through a lifetime design approach, offering adaptability and efficient production through prefabrication.   A home that expects the unexpected.</p>

scholarly journals A HOUSE THAT GROWS ON THE INSIDE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Amy Lane
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Housing Affordability ◽  
Flexible Design ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Alternative Housing ◽  
Incremental Change ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Incremental Construction ◽  
The Cost

<p>With house prices rising so rapidly, many New Zealand families find the stretch to homeownership beyond them. It is now customary to hear of people unable to purchase a property for their needs, in relation to the size of the house, its location or both and the idea of homeownership is fast becoming a pipeline dream for most people. With large upfront costs and large mortgage repayments, the cost of purchasing or building a house is unaffordable for a growing number of the population (Aravena & Lacobelli, 2012; Michael Bassett, 2013). Affordability is a broad notion but in essence, this research portfolio addresses it as the concern for accessibility of New Zealanders to put a roof over their heads. The crux of this issue is the relatively high cost to purchase a place to call home, making housing a commodity to enrich a few. An alternative solution to building and financing a home is needed.  This research portfolio questions how flexible design and incremental construction approaches can be applied to a range of sites typical to the New Zealand context, providing an alternative housing solution that addresses housing affordability. This alternative housing solution demonstrates flexible design and incremental construction tactics derived from the comparative and critical analysis of literature and precedence. These tactics are demonstrated through the design of four typologies that accommodate the users changing needs and financial circumstances. Housing affordability has been addressed by the consideration of these flexible design and incremental construction tactics to allow for incremental investment. As the users, financial circumstances increase or change, the design and construction of their dwelling allows them to make changes easily. This reduces the need for major construction work in order to change the layout and use and it easily allows for the opportunity to expand when the money becomes available. It also averts the necessity to move which in the current property market is costly in terms of finances and time.  To address the aims of this research portfolio, this alternative housing solution inverts the typical process of building and financing a home. It responds effortlessly to the occupant’s requirements, however varied. Incorporating flexible design and incremental construction tactics allows for incremental change and incremental investment over the lifetime of the building. At times when a lack of supply has resulted in rampant price increases, we need to question why, would one build a house that takes a great amount of time, money and effort to construct but so quickly becomes redundant? A dwelling, therefore, shouldn’t be a product. A dwelling should be an ongoing process.</p>

scholarly journals Architectural Indicators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jonathan Hay
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Educational Design ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Design And Construction

<p>A political crisis is currently underway in New Zealand with a critical lack of affordable well-designed housing. Due to the presence in New Zealand of such vast timber resources and our enviable global location for export shipping, there are great economic and industry opportunities for the production of prefabricated timber housing. However, the contemporary architectural position on prefabrication is often limited by the inability to evidence individuality, diverse detailing and robust habitability with a predetermined production ‘formula’. This thesis argues that the anonymous open plan nature of prefabrication facilities is restricting prefabrication from achieving high levels of architectural design that evidence qualities of craft. This thesis argues that by using an interdisciplinary approach recognising qualities of shared authorship with prefabrication, this highly effective form of construction can satisfy a wider market while maintaining key architectural values of individuality (authorship), detailing (craft) and habitability (integrated technical functions, sustainability, etc.).  The design research explores how the design of a large-scale prefabrication facility can encourage craft and authorship within production processes. Similarly through design exploration the facility intends to provide a cohesive understanding and implementation of complex and specialised industry systems alongside production processes. The design also explores how the facility can provide an environment where this collaboration can be meaningfully encouraged, while also facilitating collaborative learning to resolve prefabrication design-related problems.  The site for the proposed new Trade Build Facility is on the border of Wellington’s operational port of Centre Port, on the south intersection of Waterloo Quay and Cornwell Street, Pipitea, alongside a resource of raw logs with multiple national and international transport modes. The thesis proposes the experimental design of a facility that focuses on timber beginning with the processing of the raw log at the input end, through to the pre-fabricated housing units at the output end. This thesis proposes a production facility that also takes on the role of an educational design vehicle for both the architect and the architectural student to develop and engage the latest technologies of design and construction in the field of prefabrication, providing them with the foundation for entering the complexities of the current architectural design profession. It is intended that users will witness the actual creation of a system of architecture, in a setting explicitly designed to enable these conditions to transform and evolve in step with the latest industry developments. This results in a productive partnering between design and construction, production and education, architect and architectural student through the refined inclusion of craft and authorship in architectural design.  The thesis actively seeks a design solution that develops future design outcomes of prefabricated timber production facilities through an enhanced and responsive adaptability within the facility. The building design also encourages robust and cohesive collaboration by incorporating multidisciplinary specialists with the production and education processes of prefabrication. As a result this thesis argues that architects will be provided greater opportunities for exploring craft and authorship within the context of prefabrication. The problems addressed by the strategic design experiments are prefabrication focused; however the situation is emblematic of a greater problem in the overall field of architecture. Through a focused evaluation on the collaborative environment experienced in the production of prefabrication, valuable lessons are transferable to all collaborative construction-based work environments, facilitating the ability to engender qualities of craft in an architecturally advanced industry.</p>

scholarly journals Architectural Indicators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jonathan Hay
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Educational Design ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Design And Construction

<p>A political crisis is currently underway in New Zealand with a critical lack of affordable well-designed housing. Due to the presence in New Zealand of such vast timber resources and our enviable global location for export shipping, there are great economic and industry opportunities for the production of prefabricated timber housing. However, the contemporary architectural position on prefabrication is often limited by the inability to evidence individuality, diverse detailing and robust habitability with a predetermined production ‘formula’. This thesis argues that the anonymous open plan nature of prefabrication facilities is restricting prefabrication from achieving high levels of architectural design that evidence qualities of craft. This thesis argues that by using an interdisciplinary approach recognising qualities of shared authorship with prefabrication, this highly effective form of construction can satisfy a wider market while maintaining key architectural values of individuality (authorship), detailing (craft) and habitability (integrated technical functions, sustainability, etc.).  The design research explores how the design of a large-scale prefabrication facility can encourage craft and authorship within production processes. Similarly through design exploration the facility intends to provide a cohesive understanding and implementation of complex and specialised industry systems alongside production processes. The design also explores how the facility can provide an environment where this collaboration can be meaningfully encouraged, while also facilitating collaborative learning to resolve prefabrication design-related problems.  The site for the proposed new Trade Build Facility is on the border of Wellington’s operational port of Centre Port, on the south intersection of Waterloo Quay and Cornwell Street, Pipitea, alongside a resource of raw logs with multiple national and international transport modes. The thesis proposes the experimental design of a facility that focuses on timber beginning with the processing of the raw log at the input end, through to the pre-fabricated housing units at the output end. This thesis proposes a production facility that also takes on the role of an educational design vehicle for both the architect and the architectural student to develop and engage the latest technologies of design and construction in the field of prefabrication, providing them with the foundation for entering the complexities of the current architectural design profession. It is intended that users will witness the actual creation of a system of architecture, in a setting explicitly designed to enable these conditions to transform and evolve in step with the latest industry developments. This results in a productive partnering between design and construction, production and education, architect and architectural student through the refined inclusion of craft and authorship in architectural design.  The thesis actively seeks a design solution that develops future design outcomes of prefabricated timber production facilities through an enhanced and responsive adaptability within the facility. The building design also encourages robust and cohesive collaboration by incorporating multidisciplinary specialists with the production and education processes of prefabrication. As a result this thesis argues that architects will be provided greater opportunities for exploring craft and authorship within the context of prefabrication. The problems addressed by the strategic design experiments are prefabrication focused; however the situation is emblematic of a greater problem in the overall field of architecture. Through a focused evaluation on the collaborative environment experienced in the production of prefabrication, valuable lessons are transferable to all collaborative construction-based work environments, facilitating the ability to engender qualities of craft in an architecturally advanced industry.</p>

scholarly journals Second-hand poetics: Dynamic shifts from home to monument

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Tina Williams
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Architectural History ◽  
Historical Identity ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Natural Architecture ◽  
Developed World ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
The Relationship

<p>This thesis began with an Antarctic story. There is something sublime about the adventures of Scott and Shackleton; their ability to entertain the emotive sensation of place, despite a physical detachment. Tales of exploration arrest moments of suspense, drama and inspiration and yet they are surrounded by the fact that Antarctica is a barren, isolated expanse. The opportunity of these particular constructs, which operate between intimacy and departure, to serve the creation of a special experience, it exists beyond the replication of these narratives; they might suggest how New Zealand national identity might be framed.  The natural architecture of the frozen continent is grand. Its timelessness rivals the foundations that the rest of the developed world is built on. Yet simultaneously its stories create a rapport which personalises identity and allows memory to be mobilised. New Zealand built history has only recently emerged but representationally the identity of the nation is monumental, especially in relation to Antarctic. This thesis asks how the relationship between NZ and Antarctica might be physically manifested through architecture, in order to deepen the stability of NZ historical identity.  The project is situated on the Lyttelton harbour where New Zealand and Antarctica have historically converged. At this location the vicarious nature of the Antarctic story is exploited so that the sense of place might exist even though, physically and temporally, it is not attached to the Antarctic. This is realised through a set of imagined dwellings on Dampier Bay, which are contained within the definition of ‘Home’.  The programme of this research acts to acknowledge this duality and formalises it as the ‘monument’ and the ‘home’. The primary understanding of programme will however be domestic, as it is the point at which our most intimate memories are created. The realisation of the monument will be introduced through the act of designing itself.  Architecture is used as a tool to negotiate the exchange of personality between the two places and ideas, with the poetics of representation providing a framework for investigation. Because the method is derived from such poetics, my own subjective will is asserted onto these interpretations. The process has therefore become non-quantifiable, it relies instead on a level of intuition.  The Antarctic story resonates with the moments we find identity in, they have the potential to complement New Zealand’s Architectural history where it is wanting of poetic agency.</p>

The Gatehouse of the Shogun's Senior Councillor: Building Design and Status Symbolism in Japanese Architecture of the Late Edo Period

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-410
Author(s):  
William H. Coaldrake
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
High Rank ◽  
Japanese History ◽  
Edo Period ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Precise Meaning ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Japanese Architecture

Gateways, or mon, have served as powerful symbols of authority throughout Japanese history. In particular the stately mon built for the Edo city residences of the regional lords expressed the dignity of high rank in the Tokugawa political and social order, but unlike their earlier counterparts in temples and palaces, they have been neglected as a subject for scholarly study. These gateways, virtually the only surviving examples of secular buildings from the great castle-city of Edo, clarify our understanding of the use of architectural style as a symbol of status in the period of Tokugawa rule (1603-1867). The Rōjūmon, or "Gatehouse of the Senior Councillor," is one of three well-preserved gatehouses dating from the last century of warrior government in Japan. Analysis of the structure of the building reveals the design principles upon which it was based and details of building practices at the time. The technical and stylistic features of the gatehouse are interpreted in the light of Tokugawa government laws and pictorial records to establish the importance of mon architecture as a status symbol in general terms and the precise meaning of this building as an example of the gatehouse type.

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