scholarly journals A Regional Labour Market Profile

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Morrison
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Surface Phenomenon ◽  
High Unemployment ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Regional Labour Market ◽  
Regional Labour Markets

As unacceptably high unemployment levels persist throughout the OECD so greater attention is being paid to differences in the way regional Labour markets adjust to growth and recession. Comparatively speaking New Zealand has lacked both the conceptual and empirical analyses necessary to build local and regional specific approaches into its active labour market policies - despite the persistence of regional disparities through the post war period. When regional differences are raised for public discussion in New Zealand it is the geographical variations in the unemployment rate that usually receives attention. What this paper shows is that unemployment is merely the surface phenomenon of a condition which is much more deeply embedded in the regional labour markets affected. This is illustrated by constructing a regional labour market profile which measures each of the 14 regions on four separate labour market indicators. When applied at the height of the New Zealand recession in 1991 the profile demonstrated how regions with high unemployment rates not only experience Low labour force participation rates but that when members of the labour force in such regions do find work they work fewer hours and even when fulltime employment is obtained the levels of remuneration are lower than those in the more buoyant regions. The result of these interconnected characteristics of regional labour markets is a series of indirect multipliers which serve to exaggerate and compound the effect of depressed labour demand on weaker markets.

A Choice-Theoretical Labour-Market Model: Empirical Tests at the Mesolevel

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1085-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Baumann ◽  
M M Fischer ◽  
U Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Regional Labour Markets ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
Supply Model

This paper contains an analysis of a multiregional labour-supply model for Austria. In the approach suggested here attempts are made to combine the advantages of random-utility-based discrete choice theory and partial reduced-form estimation. Two recursive submodels, the labour-force participation submodel, and the commuting and employment submodel, are developed. Three different types of model specifications at the mesolevel are used to analyse the consequences of choosing a spatial framework of overlapping regional labour markets upon the model parameters, to investigate the usefulness of the model approach in relation to different regionalisation variants, and to carry out a sensitivity analysis with respect to the effects of the model parameters used to delineate the labour-market regions.

scholarly journals Functional Labour Markets Revealed by Travel to Work Data 1991 and 2001

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Newell ◽  
Martin Perry
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Market Analysis ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Regional Labour Market ◽  
Overall Stability ◽  
Commuting Patterns

Regional labour market analysis is ideally based on functional rather than administrative areas. Travel-to-work data obtained from the 1991 and 2001 Census are used to define a set of functional labour markets for New Zealand. Considerable stability is found in the boundaries of the identified labour markets 1991 and 2001 although with a reduction in the number of areas from 140 to 106. The overall stability in the identified areas suggests that they provide a robust basis for regional analysis. The reduction in the number of areas is explained in part by data deficiencies associated with the 2001 Census and in some instances by changes in commuting patterns.

scholarly journals A Framework for Sub-Optimal Employment

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Dupuis ◽  
Nick Taylor
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Demographic Projections ◽  
Inadequate Information ◽  
The One

Demographic projections for New Zealand indicate there will be major labour shortages in the future which will not be met through either natural increase in population or immigration. It is therefore necessary that for New Zealand to retain and or improve its current economic position, the labour force we di have is employed in ways that optimize outcomes for individuals, families/whanau and communities on the one hand, and businesses, enterprises and institutions on the other. At present, there is inadequate information about the labour market and employment due, in part, to the way many employment-related measures are defined. Additionally the importance given to two specific measures – official unemployment and labour force participation – as indicators of a buoyant labour market, provide an incomplete picture of the complex and increasingly diverse patterns of employment in New Zealand. While most measures used in New Zealand mirror those used internationally and thus allow for large-scale international comparisons, much more could be done to understand shortfalls in employment. This paper provide a preliminary conceptualization of sub-optimal employment, which emphasis the complexity of the issue under examination by suggesting the extent to which some of employment statuses could be considered sub-optimal.

scholarly journals Beyond Unemployment: Measuring Regional Labour Market Performance

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Rutherford ◽  
Shaun Twaddle ◽  
Dafydd Davies
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Regional Labour Markets ◽  
Global Skills

High performing regional labour markets support the shift towards greater value and improved rewards for businesses, workers and communities. This occurs through gains in productivity achieved through sectoral economies of scale and more efficient regional environments, which provide the climate for global skills and talent. As such they are an important contributor creating: competitive sectors and regions, thriving communities and make significant contributions to national economic output. In the long-term, economic growth, increases in living standards and economic wellbeing depend on sustained growth in productivity and the significant contributions that sectors and regions make. This paper presets an initial investigation into measuring the performance of New Zealand regional labour markets. New Zealand contains many local and regional labour markets which operate at a variety of geographic levels. The paper discusses the concept of ‘high performing’ labour markets and investigates and considers a general framework which can, in principle, be applied to consider the performance of the labour market at any geographic level. The framework identifies the key characteristics of high performing regional labour markets and suggests how these can be measured in terms of supply, demand and functionality characteristics.

scholarly journals The State of the New Zealand Labour Market

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Paterson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation Rate ◽  
Demand Growth

This paper will review recent developments in the New Zealand labour market and trace the passage of these indicators through the global financial crisis to the outlook for the coming 3 years. The paper is based on the Ministry’s Quarterly Labour Market report and Short-term Employment Forecasts. The paper describes a strong labour market.  Indicators of labour demand growth have moderated from the elevated levels recorded earlier in 2014, but remain solid. Construction is a significant source of employment demand across the entire country, and not just Canterbury. Migration-led population growth and near-record labour force participation rates are expanding labour supply. Women in general are showing increased involvement in the labour market: the female labour force participation rate returned to its record high of 63.7 per cent (equal to that recorded in March 2014), and the female employment rate (59.7 per cent) is at its highest rate since December 2008. Single mothers in particular have seen a sharp increase in their employment rate, which has reached its highest level since the series began in 1986. High participation is likely slowing the fall in the unemployment rate, which nevertheless hit its lowest level since March 2009. Wage growth remains subdued over the September quarter, but this comes against the backdrop of low inflation.

scholarly journals Regional Labour Market Dynamics and Economics Participation: The Mediation Role of Education and Training Institutions

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Bartley ◽  
Ann Dupuis ◽  
Anne De Bruin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Market Dynamics ◽  
Regional Labour Market ◽  
Economic Participation ◽  
Training Institutions ◽  
And Training

Since the late 1970s in New Zealand, education and training have been essential elements as governments have grappled with maintaining and increasing the employability of the labour force. This paper reports on one phase of the Labour Market Dynamics and Economic Participation research programme which addresses the role that education and training institutions play in mediating labour supply and demand and promoting economic participation within various New Zealand regional labour markets. The paper refines and extends some of the key concepts of the Department of Labour's Human Capability Framework to explore the effectiveness of regional education and training institutions, and other intersecting regional and national organisations, in mediating regional labour market supply and demand.

TYPOLOGY OF REGIONAL LABOR MARKETS

10.12737/7755 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Сарычева ◽  
Tatyana Sarycheva
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Regional Labor Markets ◽  
Population Concentration ◽  
Regional Labor ◽  
Regional Labour Markets

The article considers the disparities in the development of labour markets in the Volga Federal District. The method for the regions’ typology is proposed, which is based on the analysis of the employed population concentration in the sectors of economy using the index of localization, which allows presenting the labour market of the Volga Federal District as the sum of four segments: agroindustrial, industrial, mixed and service. The comparison of the obtained typology of the regional labour markets with the labour market indicators was carried out based on the analysis of unemployment level and duration, levels of employment and economic activity. According to the results of this comparison, the regions which belong to the group with industrial labour market have the best positions at the labour market. Agroindustrial regions and regions with mixed labour markets, where the share of employment in the primary sector of the economy is large enough, have the greatest level of unemployment and the lowest level of employment. Thus, if the structure of regional labour demand has a large share of agricultural labour force than all other things being equal the risk of unemployment in the region increases.

scholarly journals Changes in Regional Incomes 1986 to 1991

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Fraser Jackson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Income Distributions ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Main Effects

This paper shows the importance of occupational detail in analysis of regional income distributions in New Zealand. Changes in regional incomes are shown to be linked to two main effects, those associated with changes in the occupational and workforce structure of the population, and to changes in national patterns in occupational incomes. Once these structural features have been included, there is little scope for remaining economic effects associated with labour force participation, and other features of the labour force. These observations are consistent with a rationing model as a primary means of describing the operation of local labour markets.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL LABOUR MARKETS IN CONDITIONS OF DECENTRALIZATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-119
Author(s):  
TKACHENKO Lidiia
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Labour Market Policies ◽  
Regional Labour Markets ◽  
Decentralization Reform

The decentralization reform in Ukraine began in 2014 and is aimed at implementing the provisions of the European Charter of Local Self-Government, which provides for the redistribution of powers, resources and responsibilities on the basis of subsidiarity. Currently, local governments are endowed with powers and instruments of influence on enterprises located on their territory, but employment and labour market policies remains the prerogative of the central government. For a comparative analysis of the development of regional labour markets in the context of decentralization, labour force survey indicators are more appropriate, since they reflect the actual policy results from the perspective of households. For the 2015–2019 period in most regions of Ukraine, there was an increase in the level of employment and a decrease in the level of unemployment; at the same time, the gender gap in employment has increased in 16 of 25 regions; the sectoral structure of employment continues to stagnate. Some regions have significantly increased the coverage of public works, but this may indicate not the activity of territorial communities, but the lack of stable employment opportunities. Local self-government bodies should play a key role in the formation and implementation of local employment and the labour market policies, their interaction with the state employment service requiring a corresponding transformation.

scholarly journals The Pitfalls of Monitoring Minority Labour Market Phenomena

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Baines ◽  
James Newell
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Constant State ◽  
Policy Analysts ◽  
Statistical Surveys ◽  
Household Labour

Labour markets are in a constant state of change, in both scale and composition. Policy analysts and researchers alike have an interest in tracking such changes over time. Statistics New Zealand is the major source of data on labour markets, and various statistical surveys and census keep us updated at varying frequencies, from quarterly to 5-yearly. For policy purposes. frequency and timeliness of monitoring data are important. The Household Labour Force Survey is therefore used as the statistical basis for monitoring various aspects of New Zealand labour markets, including trends in employment and unemployment levels. However, comparison of various statistical data sets reveals substantial differences in estimates as data are disaggregated, or as data refer to less universal (i.e. minority) labour market phenomena. Which data set is likely to be more accurate? Is reduced accuracy a casualty of survey sampling., weighting and estimation procedures?

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