scholarly journals In This World: Baptist and Methodist Churches in New Zealand 1948 to 1988

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Elaine Elizabeth Bolitho
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Extensive Reading ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Charismatic Movement ◽  
Baptist Churches ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Evangelical Theology

<p>New Zealand Baptist and Methodist Churches' growth and decline between 1948 and 1988 was caused by the manner of their involvement in this world, in their roles of experiencing and telling about God in word and action. These roles link with the three factors - secularisation, evangelical theology and practice and the Charismatic movement. The roles and factors are encompassed within the context of change and discontinuity. 1. The impact of secularisation showed in declining religious profession and membership, yet also in greater involvement in this world through experiencing God immanent within it. 2. Commitment to evangelical theology and practice led to short term Baptist success, but in the long term triggered membership losses. Methodists without this emphasis showed even greater membership decline. 3. The Charismatic movement which was initially divisive holds within it potential for experiencing God in this world, and for dynamic continuity to make sense of the changing world scene. The relationship of the context of change to the three major factors was that the greater the degree of responding to discontinuity with creative dynamic continuity, the greater the growth of the churches. Increasing the degree of static continuity induced decline. The absence of any form of continuity resulted in even greater decline. The Baptist Churches successfully increased membership through relating well to the post-war generation. Through social service and outreach ministries they became more involved in this world. Evangelism, through a variety of methods, provided continuity in sharing the God news. The Charismatic movement as catalyst for church change in times of societal change brought the potential, through emphases of servant theology, to channel God experience into relational outreach. This led to its meshing with the positive effects of secularisation and evangelism. Methodist church growth was restricted by suspicion of the Charismatic movement, loss of evangelical focuses and recruitment programmes. Social action continued to be the Methodist way of being involved in this world. Profiles completed by 200 Baptist and 168 Methodist churches demonstrated the interplay of these factors. These were complemented by surveys completed by 106 resigned ministers, over 170 interviews, 6 case studies, 46 church visits and extensive reading. Analysis of profiles and membership statistics showed that Baptist churches did not do better because of short term ministries, Pastoral terms, membership and evangelical theology. But without evangelical theology and practice Methodist membership declined more. For every 12 members welcomed Baptists would lose 8 and Methodists 15. This indicated that churches not retaining members and clergy needed a balance of evangelism and whole-of-life theology with longer term focuses to provide dynamic continuity in the discontinuity of life.</p>

scholarly journals In This World: Baptist and Methodist Churches in New Zealand 1948 to 1988

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Elaine Elizabeth Bolitho
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Extensive Reading ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Charismatic Movement ◽  
Baptist Churches ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Evangelical Theology

<p>New Zealand Baptist and Methodist Churches' growth and decline between 1948 and 1988 was caused by the manner of their involvement in this world, in their roles of experiencing and telling about God in word and action. These roles link with the three factors - secularisation, evangelical theology and practice and the Charismatic movement. The roles and factors are encompassed within the context of change and discontinuity. 1. The impact of secularisation showed in declining religious profession and membership, yet also in greater involvement in this world through experiencing God immanent within it. 2. Commitment to evangelical theology and practice led to short term Baptist success, but in the long term triggered membership losses. Methodists without this emphasis showed even greater membership decline. 3. The Charismatic movement which was initially divisive holds within it potential for experiencing God in this world, and for dynamic continuity to make sense of the changing world scene. The relationship of the context of change to the three major factors was that the greater the degree of responding to discontinuity with creative dynamic continuity, the greater the growth of the churches. Increasing the degree of static continuity induced decline. The absence of any form of continuity resulted in even greater decline. The Baptist Churches successfully increased membership through relating well to the post-war generation. Through social service and outreach ministries they became more involved in this world. Evangelism, through a variety of methods, provided continuity in sharing the God news. The Charismatic movement as catalyst for church change in times of societal change brought the potential, through emphases of servant theology, to channel God experience into relational outreach. This led to its meshing with the positive effects of secularisation and evangelism. Methodist church growth was restricted by suspicion of the Charismatic movement, loss of evangelical focuses and recruitment programmes. Social action continued to be the Methodist way of being involved in this world. Profiles completed by 200 Baptist and 168 Methodist churches demonstrated the interplay of these factors. These were complemented by surveys completed by 106 resigned ministers, over 170 interviews, 6 case studies, 46 church visits and extensive reading. Analysis of profiles and membership statistics showed that Baptist churches did not do better because of short term ministries, Pastoral terms, membership and evangelical theology. But without evangelical theology and practice Methodist membership declined more. For every 12 members welcomed Baptists would lose 8 and Methodists 15. This indicated that churches not retaining members and clergy needed a balance of evangelism and whole-of-life theology with longer term focuses to provide dynamic continuity in the discontinuity of life.</p>

scholarly journals Paleolithic Diet—Effect on the Health Status and Performance of Athletes?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019
Author(s):  
Barbara Frączek ◽  
Aleksandra Pięta ◽  
Adrian Burda ◽  
Paulina Mazur-Kurach ◽  
Florentyna Tyrała
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Paleolithic Diet ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this meta-analysis was to review the impact of a Paleolithic diet (PD) on selected health indicators (body composition, lipid profile, blood pressure, and carbohydrate metabolism) in the short and long term of nutrition intervention in healthy and unhealthy adults. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of 21 full-text original human studies was conducted. Both the PD and a variety of healthy diets (control diets (CDs)) caused reduction in anthropometric parameters, both in the short and long term. For many indicators, such as weight (body mass (BM)), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC), impact was stronger and especially found in the short term. All diets caused a decrease in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), albeit the impact of PD was stronger. Among long-term studies, only PD cased a decline in TC and LDL-C. Impact on blood pressure was observed mainly in the short term. PD caused a decrease in fasting plasma (fP) glucose, fP insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the short run, contrary to CD. In the long term, only PD caused a decrease in fP glucose and fP insulin. Lower positive impact of PD on performance was observed in the group without exercise. Positive effects of the PD on health and the lack of experiments among professional athletes require longer-term interventions to determine the effect of the Paleo diet on athletic performance.

scholarly journals “You Can Get Prepared, But It’s Still Scary Walking Out The Door”: Exploring the Role of Dynamic Re-entry Factors in Release Planning for High-Risk Offenders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Chelsea M. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Release Planning ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Indirect Relationship ◽  
The Impact

<p>The task of preparing high-risk prisoners for the multitude of challenges they will face once released is vital to their chances of successful re-entry. Recent research in New Zealand has found that developing good quality plans for life after prison is associated with reduced rates of reoffending after release – but how? One suggestion is that release plans help to ameliorate risks in offenders’ release environments. However, research examining how these risk factors are affected by the quality of release plans is scarce. This thesis investigates whether release planning has an indirect relationship with recidivism through its influence on dynamic risk and protective factors in re-entry, as measured by a risk management tool used by Community Probation Services in New Zealand: the Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-entry (DRAOR; Serin, 2007). A coding protocol to assess the quality of release plans was developed and retrospectively applied to a sample of 303 high-risk male parolees. Outcomes of interest were “short-term recidivism” (within 100 days of release) and “longer-term recidivism” (within one year of release) across four different indices. Results indicated that parolees who did not reoffend within the first 100 days of release had significantly better quality release plans than those who did reoffend. Better quality release plans also predicted greater stability in acute risk factors, and greater improvements in overall DRAOR scores, within the first 100 days of release. Logistic mediation analyses confirmed that release planning had an indirect relationship with both short-term and longer-term recidivism through its influence on DRAOR total scores. Together, these findings suggest that release planning may facilitate successful re-entry by reducing the impact of acute triggers or destabilisers in the release environment, thus protecting against a potential relapse. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed, along with limitations of the study and suggested directions for future research.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of Self-Talk Training on Competitive Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, Volitional Skills, and Performance: An Intervention Study with Junior Sub-Elite Athletes

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Walter ◽  
Lucie Nikoleizig ◽  
Dorothee Alfermann
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: Self-talk (ST) is used to influence athletes’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Samples of squad and competitive athletes are underrepresented, although research has proven the positive effects of ST in the context of sports. Thus, the present study focused on the impact of ST on psychological and performance outcomes of junior sub-elite athletes. (2) Methods: N = 117 athletes (55 females, 62 males; M = 16.0 years) were randomly assigned to either one of two experimental groups or to a control group (n = 30). The experimental groups received an ST intervention for either one week (n = 36) or eight weeks (n = 38), and the control group received no ST training. The dependent variables (competitive anxiety, volitional skills, self-efficacy, and coaches’ performance ratings) were assessed three times before and after the intervention. It was expected that (a) an ST intervention would reduce the competitive anxiety and increase volitional skills, self-efficacy, and performance; and, (b) long-term training would lead to higher effects than short-term training. (3) Results: As expected, ST training led to (less) somatic state anxiety and (higher) state self-confidence, self-optimization, self-efficacy, and performance. Additionally, long-term training was more effective than short-term training. (4) Conclusions: Targeted ST interventions may help to improve junior athletes’ psychological states and performance.

scholarly journals Assessing the sensitivity of the hydroxyl radical to model biases in composition and temperature using a single-column photochemical model for Lauder, New Zealand

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 14599-14619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura López-Comí ◽  
Olaf Morgenstern ◽  
Guang Zeng ◽  
Sarah L. Masters ◽  
Richard R. Querel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Photochemical Model ◽  
Model Biases ◽  
Photolysis Rate ◽  
Single Column ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. We assess the major factors contributing to local biases in the hydroxyl radical (OH) as simulated by a global chemistry–climate model, using a single-column photochemical model (SCM) analysis. The SCM has been constructed to represent atmospheric chemistry at Lauder, New Zealand, which is representative of the background atmosphere of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) mid-latitudes. We use long-term observations of variables essential to tropospheric OH chemistry, i.e. ozone (O3), water vapour (H2O), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), and temperature, and assess how using these measurements affect OH calculated in the SCM, relative to a reference simulation only using modelled fields. The analysis spans 1994 to 2010. Results show that OH responds approximately linearly to correcting biases in O3, H2O, CO, CH4, and temperature. The biggest impact on OH is due to correcting an overestimation by approximately 20 to 60 % of H2O, using radiosonde observations. Correcting this moist bias leads to a reduction of OH by around 5 to 35 %. This is followed by correcting predominantly overestimated O3. In the troposphere, the model biases are mostly in the range of −10 to 30 %. The impact of changing O3 on OH is due to two pathways; the OH responses to both are of similar magnitude but different seasonality: correcting in situ tropospheric ozone leads to changes in OH in the range −14 to 4 %, whereas correcting the photolysis rate of O3 in accordance with overhead column ozone changes leads to increases of OH of 8 to 16 %. The OH sensitivities to correcting CH4, CO, and temperature biases are all minor effects. The work demonstrates the feasibility of quantitatively assessing OH sensitivity to biases in longer-lived species, which can help explain differences in simulated OH between global chemistry models and relative to observations. In addition to clear-sky simulations, we have performed idealized sensitivity simulations to assess the impact of clouds (ice and liquid) on OH. The results indicate that the impacts on the ozone photolysis rate and OH are substantial, with a general decrease of OH below the clouds of up to 30 % relative to the clear-skies situation, and an increase of up to 15 % above. Using the SCM simulation we calculate recent OH trends at Lauder. For the period of 1994 to 2010, all trends are insignificant, in agreement with previous studies. For example, the trend in total-column OH is 0.5 ± 1.3 % over this period.

Post-War Tourism in the Reconciliation Process of New Zealand Vietnam War Veterans

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-134
Author(s):  
Maria Dorsey
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
Vietnam Veterans ◽  
War Veterans ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Post War ◽  
Vietnam War Veterans ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reconciliation Process ◽  
Positive Force

Tourism has the potential to act as a positive force in reconciliation efforts between countries. The basis of tourism in facilitating reconciliation is premised on people coming into contact with one another in non-adversarial settings, which support a higher probability that positive effects can result from this contact. The investigation on post-war tourism and its role in moving the reconciliation process forward has been limited. Since the Vietnam War ended, there has been a growing phenomenon of Vietnam War veterans returning to visit Vietnam. This chapter examines the impact of New Zealand Vietnam veterans' visits to post-war Vietnam on the reconciliation process with the Vietnamese and with self.

scholarly journals Assessing the sensitivity of the hydroxyl radical to model biases in composition and temperature using a single-column photochemical model for Lauder, New Zealand

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. López-Comí ◽  
O. Morgenstern ◽  
G. Zeng ◽  
S. L. Masters ◽  
R. R. Querel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Ice Clouds ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Photochemical Model ◽  
Single Column ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. We assess the major factors contributing to local biases in the hydroxyl radical (OH) as simulated by a global chemistry-climate model, using a single-column photochemical model (SCM) analysis. The SCM has been constructed to represent atmospheric chemistry at Lauder, New Zealand, which is representative of the background atmosphere of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) mid-latitudes. We use long-term observations of variables essential to tropospheric OH chemistry, i.e. ozone (O3), water vapour (H2O), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), and temperature, and assess how using these measurements affect OH calculated in the SCM, relative to a reference simulation only using modelled fields. The analysis spans 1994 to 2010. Results show that OH responds approximately linearly to correcting biases in O3, H2O, CO, CH4, and temperature. The biggest impact on OH is due to correcting H2O, using radiosonde observations. This is followed by correcting O3. Its impact is decomposed into a kinetics effect and a photolysis effect; both are of similar magnitude. The OH sensitivity to correcting CH4 and CO biases is inversely related to the relative changes applied to these two species. The work demonstrates the feasibility of quantitatively assessing OH sensitivity to biases in longer-lives species, which can help to explain differences in simulated OH between global chemistry models and relative to observations. In addition to clear-sky simulations, we have performed idealised sensitivity simulations to assess the impact of clouds (ice and liquid) on OH. The results indicate that the impacts on the ozone photolysis rate and OH are substantial, with a general decrease of OH below the clouds relative to the clear-sky situation, and an increase above. The effects of liquid and ice clouds are less-than-additive. Using the SCM simulation we calculate recent OH trends at Lauder. For the period of 1994 to 2010, all trends are insignificant, in agreement with previous studies.

scholarly journals Romania’s Tourism - Effects of the Accession

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela SIMTION ◽  
Roxana LUCA
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
The Impact ◽  
International Financing ◽  
Hardware Industry ◽  
The Eu

Romania’s accession to the European Union produced a number of effects on local economy, both positive and negative. Market specialists say that the positive effects of the accession are felt by improved services, improved healthcare and improved education or by creating efficient markets. The first areas that have felt the impact of the EU accession are: leasing, SMEs, telephony, internet, hardware industry, software industry etc. In contrast, there are areas that feel the effects after a longer period, and here enters the capital market, banking industry, tourism or HR industry (hotels and restaurants) and agriculture. While top areas in terms of performance, feel the positive effects of accession in the short term, certain sectors of the economy disappear or restrict their activity. Tourism and transport are areas that benefit from the accession, the main advantages, which Romania counts as attractive, in competition with other traditional destinations of the world, are: geographical position in Europe, accessibility by air links with most capitals and cultural tourism so fascinating for foreigners. The accession also brings an increase of professionalism of the services offered by hotel operators. In particular, the effects of our country's integration into the European Union touch many aspects of which are noted:increased competition, resulting in improved tourism offer; access to international financing; rebuilding infrastructure; increase of tourism traffic to and from our country.

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