scholarly journals Intertidal Community Differences Between the Cook Strait and Wellington Harbour

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jamie C. Tam
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Rocky Intertidal ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
Filter Feeder ◽  
The North ◽  
Cook Strait ◽  
Filter Feeders ◽  
Complex Relationships

<p>Wellington Harbour which lies near the southern tip of the North Island, New Zealand, exhibits a typical rocky intertidal shoreline with groups of species similar to those found on many temperate rocky coasts around the world. A short distance away, the Cook Strait displays a very different shoreline in community composition compared with Wellington Harbour, most notably a distinct lack of filter feeders. This thesis aims to examine how exactly the community composition is different between the two coasts at a species level and if there are any environmental factors that can explain the differing distributions. Here, a series of field and laboratory experiments aim to examine why certain filter feeders (mussels) are absent from the Cook Strait shore, yet so abundant in Wellington Harbour ... This work indicates that the Cook Strait coastline has lower filter feeder abundances and an overall different community composition than Wellington Harbour. The cause of these differences appears to be bottom up regulation through the lack of food availability (phytoplankton) during winter months in the Cook Strait. The high commercial value of coastal environments in both fisheries and tourism heightens the need to understand these habitats. Unravelling the complex relationships between the seasonal changes in the water column and onshore biota is important for conserving and protecting these essential ecosystems in New Zealand and temperate shores worldwide.</p>

scholarly journals Intertidal Community Differences Between the Cook Strait and Wellington Harbour

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jamie C. Tam
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Rocky Intertidal ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
Filter Feeder ◽  
The North ◽  
Cook Strait ◽  
Filter Feeders ◽  
Complex Relationships

<p>Wellington Harbour which lies near the southern tip of the North Island, New Zealand, exhibits a typical rocky intertidal shoreline with groups of species similar to those found on many temperate rocky coasts around the world. A short distance away, the Cook Strait displays a very different shoreline in community composition compared with Wellington Harbour, most notably a distinct lack of filter feeders. This thesis aims to examine how exactly the community composition is different between the two coasts at a species level and if there are any environmental factors that can explain the differing distributions. Here, a series of field and laboratory experiments aim to examine why certain filter feeders (mussels) are absent from the Cook Strait shore, yet so abundant in Wellington Harbour ... This work indicates that the Cook Strait coastline has lower filter feeder abundances and an overall different community composition than Wellington Harbour. The cause of these differences appears to be bottom up regulation through the lack of food availability (phytoplankton) during winter months in the Cook Strait. The high commercial value of coastal environments in both fisheries and tourism heightens the need to understand these habitats. Unravelling the complex relationships between the seasonal changes in the water column and onshore biota is important for conserving and protecting these essential ecosystems in New Zealand and temperate shores worldwide.</p>

scholarly journals Phylogeography of southern New Zealand: Implications of Pliocene and Pleistocene Processes and Evolutionary Concordance Across Independent  Loci

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Shay B. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Genealogical Concordance ◽  
Cook Strait ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Genetic Break

<p>The endemic fauna of the South Island has proven to be an ideal taxonomic group to examine the impact of climatic and geological processes on the evolution of New Zealand's biota since the Pliocene. This thesis examines the phylogeography of McCann's skink (Oligosoma maccanni) in order to provide insight into the relative contribution of Pliocene and Pleistocene processes on patterns of genetic structure in South Island biota. This thesis also investigates the phylogeography of the brown skink (O. zelandicum) to examine whether Cook Strait landbridges facilitated gene flow between the North and South Island in the late-Pleistocene. This thesis also investigates the presence of genealogical concordance across independent loci for the endemic alpine stick insect, Niveaphasma. I obtained mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data (ND2 and ND4; 1284 bp) from across the range of both skink species and mtDNA (COI; 762 bp) and nuclear sequence data (EF1 ; 590 bp) from across the range of Niveaphasma. I used DGGE in order to resolve nuclear EF1 alleles and examined phylogeographic patterns in each species using Neighbour-Joining, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods. Substantial phylogeographic structure was found within O. maccanni, with divergences among clades estimated to have occurred during the Pliocene. Populations in the Otago/Southland region formed a well-supported lineage within O. maccanni. A genetic break was evident between populations in east and west Otago, while north-south genetic breaks were evident within the Canterbury region. There was relatively minor phylogeographic structure within O. zelandicum. Our genetic data supports a single colonization of the North Island by O. zelandicum from the South Island, with the estimated timing of this event (0.46 Mya) consistent with the initial formation of Cook Strait. There was substantial genetic structuring identified within Niveaphasma, with a well-supported lineage present in the Otago/Southland region. There was also a genetic break between populations in Canterbury and eastern Otago with those in central Otago and Southland. The genetic data provided strong genealogical concordance between mtDNA haplotypes and nuclear alleles suggesting an accurate depiction of the historical isolation identified between the major clades of Niveaphasma. This finding offers compelling evidence for the use of nuclear gene  phylogeography alongside mtDNA for future evolutionary studies within New Zealand.</p>

Geological Interpretation of Airborne Magnetometer Observations from Nelson to Waikato River, New Zealand

1959 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Wellman
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Axial Plane ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Geological Interpretation ◽  
The North ◽  
Cook Strait ◽  
Waikato River

AbstractA map is presented showing a series of airborne magnetometer profiles from the north end of the South Island of New Zealand to the mouth of Waikato River. The two southern profiles are related to the exposed Upper Palaeozoic igneous rocks which are considered to extend north across Cook Strait and along the west coast of the North Island to cause the anomalies in the northern profiles. The North Island profiles are considered to reflect the Kawhia Syncline and a major anticline to the east. The eastward displacement of the magnetic low relative to the synclinal axis at the surface is considered due to the eastward dip of the axial plane of the syncline.

Recruitment of Packhorse Rock Lobster Jasus verreauxi in New Zealand

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 2212-2220 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Booth
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Larval Transport ◽  
Rock Lobster ◽  
The North ◽  
Tasman Sea ◽  
Cook Strait ◽  
Extreme North ◽  
Migratory Pathway

The main breeding population of packhorse rock lobster Jasus verreauxi around mainland New Zealand is in the extreme north, near Cape Reinga. Some larvae from this area (and possibly some from Australia) are carried southeastward in the East Auckland Current along the east coast of North Island, and settlement occurs as far south as Cook Strait. Recapture of tagged animals shows that most juveniles migrate toward Cape Reinga where they mature and breed. The single major breeding population and migratory pathway may mean that the species is particularly vulnerable to overfishing. New Zealand and Australian stocks may be linked by larval transport across the north Tasman Sea.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of southern New Zealand: Implications of Pliocene and Pleistocene Processes and Evolutionary Concordance Across Independent  Loci

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Shay B. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Genealogical Concordance ◽  
Cook Strait ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Genetic Break

<p>The endemic fauna of the South Island has proven to be an ideal taxonomic group to examine the impact of climatic and geological processes on the evolution of New Zealand's biota since the Pliocene. This thesis examines the phylogeography of McCann's skink (Oligosoma maccanni) in order to provide insight into the relative contribution of Pliocene and Pleistocene processes on patterns of genetic structure in South Island biota. This thesis also investigates the phylogeography of the brown skink (O. zelandicum) to examine whether Cook Strait landbridges facilitated gene flow between the North and South Island in the late-Pleistocene. This thesis also investigates the presence of genealogical concordance across independent loci for the endemic alpine stick insect, Niveaphasma. I obtained mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data (ND2 and ND4; 1284 bp) from across the range of both skink species and mtDNA (COI; 762 bp) and nuclear sequence data (EF1 ; 590 bp) from across the range of Niveaphasma. I used DGGE in order to resolve nuclear EF1 alleles and examined phylogeographic patterns in each species using Neighbour-Joining, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods. Substantial phylogeographic structure was found within O. maccanni, with divergences among clades estimated to have occurred during the Pliocene. Populations in the Otago/Southland region formed a well-supported lineage within O. maccanni. A genetic break was evident between populations in east and west Otago, while north-south genetic breaks were evident within the Canterbury region. There was relatively minor phylogeographic structure within O. zelandicum. Our genetic data supports a single colonization of the North Island by O. zelandicum from the South Island, with the estimated timing of this event (0.46 Mya) consistent with the initial formation of Cook Strait. There was substantial genetic structuring identified within Niveaphasma, with a well-supported lineage present in the Otago/Southland region. There was also a genetic break between populations in Canterbury and eastern Otago with those in central Otago and Southland. The genetic data provided strong genealogical concordance between mtDNA haplotypes and nuclear alleles suggesting an accurate depiction of the historical isolation identified between the major clades of Niveaphasma. This finding offers compelling evidence for the use of nuclear gene  phylogeography alongside mtDNA for future evolutionary studies within New Zealand.</p>

Model Experiments on the Site of Rongotai Aerodrome, Wellington, New Zealand

1938 ◽  
Vol 42 (326) ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
C. I. Kidson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Model Experiments ◽  
The North ◽  
Venturi Effect ◽  
Atmospheric Disturbances ◽  
Cook Strait ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Northern Shore ◽  
The City

Wellington, the capital city of New Zealand, is situated in the south of the North Island, among the mountainous masses 2,000ft., high which form the northern shore of Cook Strait. The winds in this latitude are strong and persistent, and this, combined with the venturi effect of the Straits, gives-Wellington a very boisterous climate. The average run of wind per 24 hours is 310 miles and the average number of gales of force 8 or over is in excess of 60 per annum. There is little open ground near the city, and there is no aerodrome site within 30 miles which is free from atmospheric disturbances or topographical defects.

Studies of Ptiliidae (Coleoptera) in the Spirit Collection of the Natural History Museum, London 2: New species and records from P. Hammond's visit to New Zealand in 1983–84

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-196
Author(s):  
Michael Darby
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Natural History Museum ◽  
History Museum ◽  
The North ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
North And South

Some 2,000 Ptiliidae collected in the North and South Islands of New Zealand in 1983/1984 by Peter Hammond of the Natural History Museum, London, are determined to 34 species, four of which are new to the country. As there are very few previous records, most from the Auckland district of North Island, the Hammond collection provides much new distributional data. The three new species: Nellosana insperatus sp. n., Notoptenidium flavum sp. n., and Notoptenidium johnsoni sp. n., are described and figured; the genus Ptiliodes is moved from Acrotrichinae to Ptiliinae, and Ptenidium formicetorum Kraatz recorded as a new introduction. Information is provided to aid separation of the new species from those previously recorded.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Lichens in Metrosideros excelsa in Northern New Zealand Urban Forests

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Gladys N. Benitez ◽  
Glenn D. Aguilar ◽  
Dan Blanchon
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Lichen Community ◽  
The North ◽  
The City ◽  
Lichen Flora

The spatial distribution of corticolous lichens on the iconic New Zealand pōhutukawa (Metrosideros excelsa) tree was investigated from a survey of urban parks and forests across the city of Auckland in the North Island of New Zealand. Lichens were identified from ten randomly selected trees at 20 sampling sites, with 10 sites classified as coastal and another 10 as inland sites. Lichen data were correlated with distance from sea, distance from major roads, distance from native forests, mean tree DBH (diameter at breast height) and the seven-year average of measured NO2 over the area. A total of 33 lichen species were found with coastal sites harboring significantly higher average lichen species per tree as well as higher site species richness. We found mild hotspots in two sites for average lichen species per tree and another two separate sites for species richness, with all hotspots at the coast. A positive correlation between lichen species richness and DBH was found. Sites in coastal locations were more similar to each other in terms of lichen community composition than they were to adjacent inland sites and some species were only found at coastal sites. The average number of lichen species per tree was negatively correlated with distance from the coast, suggesting that the characteristic lichen flora found on pōhutukawa may be reliant on coastal microclimates. There were no correlations with distance from major roads, and a slight positive correlation between NO2 levels and average lichen species per tree.

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