scholarly journals Some new insights into the semantics of English N+N compounds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Elizaveta Tarasova
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Content ◽  
Semantic Relation ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Cognitive Grammar ◽  
Corpus Study ◽  
Printed Media ◽  
Morphological Productivity ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods ◽  
N Compounds ◽  
The Way

<p>This thesis focuses on English N+N compounds and the primary purpose of the study is to investigate the way in which compounded structures acquire their meaning and to check the way in which the semantics of each of the constituents contributes to the overall meaning of the structure. The way in which such contributions are made should be inferable from the linguistic analysis of the structure and meaning of compounds. In order to do this, the thesis looks first at the morphological productivity of the constituents comprising a compound. The second aim is to identify whether the productivity of a compound constituent on the morphological level coincides with the productivity of the semantic relation realised in the constituent family. The discussion of the results obtained from a corpus study provides plausible explanations for the regularities noted in the course of the analysis by using some of the relevant principles from the complex of approaches including the Construction Grammar and Cognitive Grammar approaches. Examples of compounds were collected from the printed media (NZ broadsheets) and the BNC. The analysis of the data used both quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative analysis of the data confirms two hypotheses: (1) that a constituent is more productive in just one of the positions (modifier or head), and (2) the more productive a constituent is, the more likely it is to realise a single semantic relation in a constituent family. The qualitative analysis involves consideration of the semantic content of the concepts in each constituent in order to see how this content is reflected in the semantic relations realised by a constituent. It is discovered that the semantic content of the head is a stronger predictor of the relation realised in a compound than that of the modifier. The study is important in order to better understand the factors that govern the formation of compounds and the patterns that speakers use in the process of coining complex lexical items ...</p>

scholarly journals Some new insights into the semantics of English N+N compounds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Elizaveta Tarasova
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Content ◽  
Semantic Relation ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Cognitive Grammar ◽  
Corpus Study ◽  
Printed Media ◽  
Morphological Productivity ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods ◽  
N Compounds ◽  
The Way

<p>This thesis focuses on English N+N compounds and the primary purpose of the study is to investigate the way in which compounded structures acquire their meaning and to check the way in which the semantics of each of the constituents contributes to the overall meaning of the structure. The way in which such contributions are made should be inferable from the linguistic analysis of the structure and meaning of compounds. In order to do this, the thesis looks first at the morphological productivity of the constituents comprising a compound. The second aim is to identify whether the productivity of a compound constituent on the morphological level coincides with the productivity of the semantic relation realised in the constituent family. The discussion of the results obtained from a corpus study provides plausible explanations for the regularities noted in the course of the analysis by using some of the relevant principles from the complex of approaches including the Construction Grammar and Cognitive Grammar approaches. Examples of compounds were collected from the printed media (NZ broadsheets) and the BNC. The analysis of the data used both quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative analysis of the data confirms two hypotheses: (1) that a constituent is more productive in just one of the positions (modifier or head), and (2) the more productive a constituent is, the more likely it is to realise a single semantic relation in a constituent family. The qualitative analysis involves consideration of the semantic content of the concepts in each constituent in order to see how this content is reflected in the semantic relations realised by a constituent. It is discovered that the semantic content of the head is a stronger predictor of the relation realised in a compound than that of the modifier. The study is important in order to better understand the factors that govern the formation of compounds and the patterns that speakers use in the process of coining complex lexical items ...</p>

scholarly journals What's in a compound?

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW SPENCER
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Number ◽  
Head Noun ◽  
Semantic Relation ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Noun Compounds ◽  
General Semantic ◽  
The Way

The Oxford Handbook of Compoundingsurveys a variety of theoretical and descriptive issues, presenting overviews of compounding in a number of frameworks and sketches of compounding in a number of languages. Much of the book deals with Germanic noun–noun compounding. I take up some of the theoretical questions raised surrounding such constructions, in particular, the notion of attributive modification in noun-headed compounds. I focus on two issues. The first is the semantic relation between the head noun and its nominal modifier. Several authors repeat the argument that there is a small(-ish) fixed number of general semantic relations in noun–noun compounds (‘Lees's solution’), but I argue that the correct way to look at such compounds is what I call ‘Downing's solution’, in which we assume that the relation is specified pragmatically, and hence could be any relation at all. The second issue is the way that adjectives modify nouns inside compounds. Although there are languages in which compounded adjectives modify just as they do in phrases (Chukchee, Arleplog Swedish), in general the adjective has a classifier role and not that of a compositional attributive modifier. Thus, even if an English (or German) adjective–noun compound looks compositional, it isn't.

Interclausal relations with Old English verbs of inaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-584
Author(s):  
Ana Elvira Ojanguren López
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Finite Clause

Abstract The aim of this article is to analyse the syntactic and semantic interclausal relations that hold with Old English verbs of inaction. These verbs are studied from the perspective of juncture-nexus relations and the semantic relations Phase, Psych-action and Causative. The results are compared on the grounds of the Interclausal Relations Hierarchy. The comparison of semantic content and syntactic expression evidences discrepancies between too weak juncture-nexus types, such as clausal subordination, and very close semantic relations, like Phase. Two main conclusions are drawn. Firstly, the Interclausal Relations Hierarchy allows us to describe the variation in the complementation of inaction verbs in Old English; and to make predictions on the diachronic axis, given that the loss of finite clause complementation and the change to infinitival complementation presented by Present-Day English verbs of inaction are fully predicted by the IRH. Secondly, semantic relations and nexus types remain stable throughout the change, whereas juncture levels change.

scholarly journals A Simplified Model for Assembly Precision Information of Complex Products Based on Tolerance Semantic Relations

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Shi ◽  
Xitian Tian ◽  
Gangfeng Wang ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Dongping Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Relation ◽  
Assembly Sequence Planning ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Geometric Feature ◽  
Complex Products ◽  
Design Tolerance ◽  
Structure Knowledge ◽  
Whole Life Cycle ◽  
Assembly Precision

Assembly precision analysis (APA) plays an important role in the whole life cycle of complex products design, manufacturing, assembly and even remanufacturing. Assembly precision information model (APIM) is usually complex since it is affected by many factors, such as design tolerance of parts, assembly process scheme, assembly sequence planning and tolerance of positioning tooling, etc. Therefore, it is of practical significance for APA to reasonably reduce the workload of assembly precision information (API) modeling. A semantic simplification approach for APIM is proposed in this paper, which mainly takes semantic relations between APIM and design tolerance of parts into consideration. Initially, ontology of structure knowledge of APIM is constructed according to a tolerance standard. Furthermore, simplification rules are respectively established by considering two semantic relations: one semantic relation between deviation change direction and deviation accumulation direction and the other semantic relation among multiple geometric characteristics on the same geometric feature. Additionally, by utilizing ontology reasoning function, the simplified semantic APIM is generated. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by a practical example of engine front auxiliary drive equipment. It is expected that our work would lay the foundation for APA of complex products based on actual measured data.

Using multiple Web resources and inference rules to classify Chinese word semantic relation

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shutian Ma ◽  
Yingyi Zhang ◽  
Chengzhi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Semantic Relation ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Primary System ◽  
Chinese Word ◽  
Lexical Resources ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
External Resources

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to classify Chinese word semantic relations, which are synonyms, antonyms, hyponyms and meronymys. Design/methodology/approach Basically, four simple methods are applied, ontology-based, dictionary-based, pattern-based and morpho-syntactic method. The authors make good use of search engine to build lexical and semantic resources for dictionary-based and pattern-based methods. To improve classification performance with more external resources, they also classify the given word pairs in Chinese and in English at the same time by using machine translation. Findings Experimental results show that the approach achieved an average F1 score of 50.87 per cent, an average accuracy of 70.36 per cent and an average recall of 40.05 per cent over all classification tasks. Synonym and antonym classification achieved high accuracy, i.e. above 90 per cent. Moreover, dictionary-based and pattern-based approaches work effectively on final data set. Originality/value For many natural language processing (NLP) tasks, the step of distinguishing word semantic relation can help to improve system performance, such as information extraction and knowledge graph generation. Currently, common methods for this task rely on large corpora for training or dictionaries and thesauri for inference, where limitation lies in freely data access and keeping built lexical resources up-date. This paper builds a primary system for classifying Chinese word semantic relations by seeking new ways to obtain the external resources efficiently.

Ara⁠ʾaytum: The Exegetical Implications of a Qurʾānic Stance Marker

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-192
Author(s):  
Emad Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Discourse Markers ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Oral Discourse ◽  
Discourse Marker ◽  
Satanic Verses ◽  
The Way

Abstract Discourse markers are lexical items that play the role of conveying the speaker’s attitude towards the topic of conversation. Although discourse markers have this function, they have little semantic content, yet their importance for understanding (oral) discourse can hardly be overestimated. As such, they have been widely studied in English. While the Qurʾān has a number of these discourse markers, none of them seem to have been properly noticed, let alone studied, by Arabic linguists and Qurʾān commentators. This article introduces what I believe to be the most frequent of these in the Qurʾān: araʾaytum (literally: “have you seen?”) in its various morphological manifestations. This article uses concepts from historical linguistics, pragmatics, and corpus linguistics – and in particular lexical co-occurrences – to examine the development of this form from a sense verb that simply means “to see” to a pragmatic attitudinal marker that is semantically vacuous and whose main function is to express the speaker’s dissatisfaction with, resentment at, or disapproval of the topic of conversation. While the analysis provided in this article is mainly linguistic, the findings will affect the way we read the Arabic-Islamic heritage, especially as regards the authenticity of what are known as the Satanic Verses, also known as the episode of the High-Flying Cranes (Qiṣṣat al-ġarānīq). This article also provides suggestions for the translation of this discourse marker.

scholarly journals Using a core word to identify different forms of semantically related formulaic sequences and their potential as a marker of authorship

Corpora ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-369
Author(s):  
Samuel Larner
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Content ◽  
Formulaic Sequences ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Lexical Choice ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

Formulaic sequences should make an excellent marker of style because if authors treat them as one lexical choice, they are unlikely to be aware of the individual words contained within. However, there is no clear-cut way to robustly identify all, and only, formulaic sequences in a text. If one particular word which occurs frequently in formulaic sequences – a core word – can be isolated, then a reasonable sub-set of word sequences will be identified, the majority of which can be expected to be formulaic. Using the core word way which occurs in many formulaic sequences (e.g., ‘in a way’, ‘by the way’ and ‘by way of’), the aim of this research is to establish whether individual authors use different way-phrases from one another and, for comparative purposes, whether authors use alternative non-formulaic realisations of the same semantic content. If inter-authorial differences can be found, way-phrases may hold potential as a marker of authorship. The results indicate that for one author, the phrase ‘in a way’ appeared to be used distinctively. Therefore, there is potential for formulaic sequences to be used as a marker of authorship, albeit for only one author out of twenty, which limits the usefulness of such a marker in a forensic context.

scholarly journals Leksikon Klasik pada Permainan Anak di Masyarakat Budaya Minangkabau

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Rona Almos ◽  
Sonezza Ladyanna
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Children's Education ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Ancient Manuscripts ◽  
Children’S Education ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods ◽  
The Way

The lexicon is an important part of the heritage of local wisdom which is also important in culture-based children's education. This article, it is explained the classic lexicon of children's games in Minangkabau culture and the cultural significance of the lexicon. This research was conducted through quantitative and qualitative methods. Sources of data in this study are edited ancient manuscripts, documentation of folklore, and traditional holders in Minangkabau culture. The data were analyzed through an anthropolinguistic approach. The classic lexicon of children's games in Minangkabau culture are boborea, sapu-sapu rangik, and tang-tang buku, ulo-ulo, dama, and badie balantak. The classical lexicon must be maintained because it has cultural significance for the Minangkabau people who have a sense of togetherness, shrewdness, and strong intelligence in thinking and must be familiar with children from an early age through education, one of which is through games. In addition to technological developments and lifestyle changes, the Covid-19 pandemic has also affected the way children play.

scholarly journals Printing Tibetan Epistolaria: A Bibliographical Analysis of Epistolary Transformations from Manuscript to Xylograph

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Kilby
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Content ◽  
Letter Writing ◽  
Woodblock Printing ◽  
Epistolary Texts ◽  
Editorial Decisions ◽  
And Function ◽  
Paper Format ◽  
The Way

In Tibetan tradition, letter writing is a sophisticated art in which the material aspects of a letter––paper format, script style and size, text spacing and layout––are integral to the letter's semantic content. What meaning is lost and gained in the transformation from manuscript original to printed edition? What scribal and editorial decisions are at play in this textual transformation? My aims in this article are twofold: to introduce scholars of global epistolary literatures to the Tibetan epistolary tradition, and to examine the ways in which editing and printing epistolaria can thoroughly transform letters’ materiality and meaning. This study not only contributes a bibliographical analysis of printed Tibetan epistolaria, but also offers a model for investigating how woodblock printing or other printing technologies can change the way epistolary texts both look and function.

scholarly journals Frege’s Puzzle and Cognitive Relationism: An Essay on Mental Files and Coordination

Disputatio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (56) ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Paolo Bonardi
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Content ◽  
Semantic Relation ◽  
Frege’S Puzzle ◽  
Mental Files ◽  
Frege's Puzzle ◽  
Modes Of Presentation

AbstractThis paper will critically examine two solutions to Frege’s puzzle: the Millian-Russellian solution proposed by Salmon and Braun, which invokes non-semantic modes of presentation (guises, ways of believing or the like); and Fine’s relationalist solution, which appeals to semantic coordination. Special attention will be devoted to discussing the conception of modes of presentation as mental files and to elucidating the nature of coordination. A third solution to Frege’s puzzle will be explored which, like Salmon’s and Braun’s, adopts the Millian-Russellian semantics but, like Fine’s, involves coordination instead of modes of presentation; however, coordination will not be conceived as a semantic relation but as a cognitive and subjective relation, which provides no contribution to semantic content. This novel Millian-Russellian account involving cognitive coordination will be labelled cognitive relationism.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document