scholarly journals Layered Pasts: Cultural Heritage Landscapes in Cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kendra Manning
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
Heritage Discourse ◽  
Indigenous Heritage

<p>This thesis aims to understand how indigenous heritage values might be represented in post-colonial urban environments. Using an urban design and landscape architecture lens, this paper builds on an emerging body of heritage knowledge in an attempt to recognize the contrasts between western and indigenous heritage values.  Through the study of a selection of indigenous landscape precedents from America, Canada, South Africa and New Zealand, common representational trends of heritage design are identified. These examples illustrate some of the issues that arise when landscapes of indigenous significance are presented within a western heritage framework.  The documents, Tapuwae and Te Aranga: Māori Cultural Landscape Strategy are introduced as guides to Māori intangible heritage. These guides are discussed in relation to the New Zealand urban design and heritage discourse. Contemporary outcomes of this current heritage climate include Waitangi Park and Pipitea pa. These are discussed and found to possess a number of values contributing to a positive approach to indigenous heritage design within Wellington’s challenging urban environment.  To continue this discussion, 39 Taranaki Street becomes the site of a design exploration. In 2005, three ponga (silver tree fern) whare (houses) of Te Aro pa, were unearthed on this site. The whare are the only known physical trace of the Taranaki whānui’s pa (village), which stood from 1835 to 1902. The whare are currently preserved in-situ as part of an apartment complex. The design concept is to link the past layers to the current and future development of the site and its precinct in order to celebrate the close connection between the past and the present that intangible heritage practices facilitate.</p>

scholarly journals Layered Pasts: Cultural Heritage Landscapes in Cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kendra Manning
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
Heritage Discourse ◽  
Indigenous Heritage

<p>This thesis aims to understand how indigenous heritage values might be represented in post-colonial urban environments. Using an urban design and landscape architecture lens, this paper builds on an emerging body of heritage knowledge in an attempt to recognize the contrasts between western and indigenous heritage values.  Through the study of a selection of indigenous landscape precedents from America, Canada, South Africa and New Zealand, common representational trends of heritage design are identified. These examples illustrate some of the issues that arise when landscapes of indigenous significance are presented within a western heritage framework.  The documents, Tapuwae and Te Aranga: Māori Cultural Landscape Strategy are introduced as guides to Māori intangible heritage. These guides are discussed in relation to the New Zealand urban design and heritage discourse. Contemporary outcomes of this current heritage climate include Waitangi Park and Pipitea pa. These are discussed and found to possess a number of values contributing to a positive approach to indigenous heritage design within Wellington’s challenging urban environment.  To continue this discussion, 39 Taranaki Street becomes the site of a design exploration. In 2005, three ponga (silver tree fern) whare (houses) of Te Aro pa, were unearthed on this site. The whare are the only known physical trace of the Taranaki whānui’s pa (village), which stood from 1835 to 1902. The whare are currently preserved in-situ as part of an apartment complex. The design concept is to link the past layers to the current and future development of the site and its precinct in order to celebrate the close connection between the past and the present that intangible heritage practices facilitate.</p>

Rock carving on Ayodhya Hill: an avenue for geoheritage, geoconservation and environmental sensitization

Ensemble ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Sanjukta Banik ◽  
◽  
Malay Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Empirical Observation ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Purulia District ◽  
The Hill

The present paper aims to throw light on the environmental sensitivity illustrated through art on a hill signifying interface of nature and culture .Ayodhya Hill in Purulia district, displays an aspect of aesthetic attachment of humans with nature in the form of in-situ rock cut sculpture ‘Pakhi Pahar’which has transformed the bare hill into a piece of art. For the past three decades the hill has been sculpted by a group of local artists, creating around 65 birds.Even the boulders lying on the foot of the hill are sculpted, to save these fragile components of nature from stone quarrying and crushing machines which are demolishing and fragmenting the rocks and hills of the chotanagpur terrain to gather stone chips for commercial use. It may also be argued by a few ,that the natural environment of Matha range of Ayodhya Hill is infringed upon for the sake of art. The present researcher seeks to explain through empirical observation, narrative analysis and perception study of local people whether Pakhi Pahar is an “Aesthetic Regard” or “Aesthetic Affront” for nature . This paper also tries to bring in to focus the future potential of this cultural landscape in developing as a tourism site and giving employment to the local youth.

scholarly journals Nautical Symbolism in Christian Maori Architecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Pamela Radburnd
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cosmological Beliefs ◽  
The Individual

<p><b>It is well known that many Maori cultural traditions and cosmological beliefs are anchored in a sea of knowledge associated with seafaring, navigation and the oceanic environment. Despite the loss of deep-sea voyaging, this thesis explores how nautical reflexes were still very influential on various modes of expression in Christian Maori architecture of three distinct Maori religious movements from the colonial and post-colonial periods. During this investigation, this thesis also identifies a relationship that can be found between the appropriation of nautical symbolism in Christian and Maori architecture.</b></p> <p>This relationship is examined on two levels: One, in terms of how Christian and Maori iconography has latent nautical meaning and secondly, how nautical symbolism in Christian Maori architecture is more signal than sculptural. The latter identifies the more powerful, metaphysical symbols in Maori architecture and spirituality which make Christian Maori architecture uniquely different from European Christian architecture. This thesis links these qualities in symbolic Christian maori architecture to the psychic and symbolic territories known to the navigator. In doing so, this thesis discovers how nautical symbols occupy a middle ground, an in-between area bridging the known with the unknown and examines their role as mediators between the present and the past; the individual and the collective.</p> <p>This thesis finally presents an architectural design which explores specific aspects of research. In doing so, the use of nautical symbolism and water-based pragmatism through architecture explores how such methods and expressions can influence and transform Western notions of knowledge or conventional notions of contemporary (terrestrial) architecture in New Zealand. To achieve this, nautical concepts from case study material are applied to a contemporary design project in order to open up architecture to its metaphysical dimension rather than focussing on the object (sculptural) that is frozen in time. As a result, this design also celebrates and revives the nautical instinct of Maori in terms of how it can offer new and meaningful ways to design architecture in oceania and New Zealand.</p>

scholarly journals Progenitor: An exploration of indigenous values and waterway management through immersive digital landscapes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Dylan Tariau
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
World View ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Sacred Landscapes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tribal Lands

<p>Over the last One hundred years water quality of New Zealand harbours and waterways have diminished due to the unconcern of infrastructural development and poor public waterway and harbour awareness. By exploring the conventional methods traditionally involved with kaitiakitanga and how to digitally map and represent these values through virtual representation, simulation and management, the ultimate aim of this thesis is to establish a kaitiaki approach to restoring a maori holistic world view perspective and the mana tupuna of the indigenous peoples of Porirua.  During the past decade, the Maori indigenous peoples of New Zealand have had land returned from the crown in light of the post treaty settlement. Due to the deforestation and ecocide of many Tribal lands across New Zealand, Tangata Whenua and Ahi Kaa have culturally detached with their lands, and the need to re-establish the Kaitiaki and mana within those areas is highly prioritized. The argument that unfolds now is ‘How to restore and revitalize sacred landscapes that have been exposed to the demise of natural resources and have lost significance value resulting in the disappearance of mana and whakapapa of many tribal lands?’  Through both a landscape architectural lens and an Indigenous lens the aim of this thesis is to research and employ new and alternative methods of resource management by incorporating new and upcoming design software in correlation to Maori Land holdings and collaboration with iwi.  The collateral damage caused by commercial and industrial development has over the past decade has also sabotaged values of Kaitiaki due to the increase of hard surface infrastructure and polluted waterways. Current methods of mapping traditional landscapes are limited when it comes to the ability to encapsulate an environment with cultural values. This research investigates the potential of digital tools and iwi collaboration to enhance the experiential aspect of an environment through an immersive, interactive and open collaborative 3D environment.  By leveraging the potential of photogrammetry to represent a 3D scene of certain areas, the potential to test and simulate current land management will be tested through a 3D model. Equipped with live feeds of data such as climate, tree species, this model’s purpose will be to emulate a cultural landscape and reconnect the loss of kaitiaki between Iwi and their Rohe.  This tool will be designed to enable user interaction and commentary to simulate realistic scenes of their day to day scenery in order to become more aware of the impacts of kaitiaki and whakapapa.  Both Iwi and council have a long-term interest in the design of good landscapes that reflect culturally while enabling methods of traditional kaupapa and kaitiakitanga. My goal is to aid this design process through landscape architecture.</p>

scholarly journals Nautical Symbolism in Christian Maori Architecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Pamela Radburnd
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cosmological Beliefs ◽  
The Individual

<p><b>It is well known that many Maori cultural traditions and cosmological beliefs are anchored in a sea of knowledge associated with seafaring, navigation and the oceanic environment. Despite the loss of deep-sea voyaging, this thesis explores how nautical reflexes were still very influential on various modes of expression in Christian Maori architecture of three distinct Maori religious movements from the colonial and post-colonial periods. During this investigation, this thesis also identifies a relationship that can be found between the appropriation of nautical symbolism in Christian and Maori architecture.</b></p> <p>This relationship is examined on two levels: One, in terms of how Christian and Maori iconography has latent nautical meaning and secondly, how nautical symbolism in Christian Maori architecture is more signal than sculptural. The latter identifies the more powerful, metaphysical symbols in Maori architecture and spirituality which make Christian Maori architecture uniquely different from European Christian architecture. This thesis links these qualities in symbolic Christian maori architecture to the psychic and symbolic territories known to the navigator. In doing so, this thesis discovers how nautical symbols occupy a middle ground, an in-between area bridging the known with the unknown and examines their role as mediators between the present and the past; the individual and the collective.</p> <p>This thesis finally presents an architectural design which explores specific aspects of research. In doing so, the use of nautical symbolism and water-based pragmatism through architecture explores how such methods and expressions can influence and transform Western notions of knowledge or conventional notions of contemporary (terrestrial) architecture in New Zealand. To achieve this, nautical concepts from case study material are applied to a contemporary design project in order to open up architecture to its metaphysical dimension rather than focussing on the object (sculptural) that is frozen in time. As a result, this design also celebrates and revives the nautical instinct of Maori in terms of how it can offer new and meaningful ways to design architecture in oceania and New Zealand.</p>

Fraud in New Zealand, 1840–1939

2020 ◽  
pp. 103237322094994
Author(s):  
Radiah Othman ◽  
Rashid Ameer ◽  
Fawzi Laswad
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Past ◽  
Female Criminality ◽  
Female Perpetrators ◽  
The Family ◽  
Societal Context

This study analyses fraudsters and their motives in New Zealand’s post-colonial times, using Papers Past, from 1840 to 1939. The aim is to understand the past societal context concerning fraud crimes. The historical analysis reveals that fraud was reported as early as 1840, and since then, reports of fraud have grown rapidly. False pretences and representation were the most common types of fraud, and there was a greater proportion of male than female perpetrators. Female criminality was the main subject of discussion during the period studied, and often biased perceptions regarding how typical women should behave were expressed. The motives of perpetrators of fraud were mainly to maintain cohesion for the family. Overall, the motivations for committing fraud indicated social struggles rather than greed. There is also some evidence for how fraudsters from privileged social classes received lighter sentencing regardless of the grave nature of the offence.

scholarly journals Progenitor: An exploration of indigenous values and waterway management through immersive digital landscapes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Dylan Tariau
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
World View ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Sacred Landscapes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tribal Lands

<p>Over the last One hundred years water quality of New Zealand harbours and waterways have diminished due to the unconcern of infrastructural development and poor public waterway and harbour awareness. By exploring the conventional methods traditionally involved with kaitiakitanga and how to digitally map and represent these values through virtual representation, simulation and management, the ultimate aim of this thesis is to establish a kaitiaki approach to restoring a maori holistic world view perspective and the mana tupuna of the indigenous peoples of Porirua.  During the past decade, the Maori indigenous peoples of New Zealand have had land returned from the crown in light of the post treaty settlement. Due to the deforestation and ecocide of many Tribal lands across New Zealand, Tangata Whenua and Ahi Kaa have culturally detached with their lands, and the need to re-establish the Kaitiaki and mana within those areas is highly prioritized. The argument that unfolds now is ‘How to restore and revitalize sacred landscapes that have been exposed to the demise of natural resources and have lost significance value resulting in the disappearance of mana and whakapapa of many tribal lands?’  Through both a landscape architectural lens and an Indigenous lens the aim of this thesis is to research and employ new and alternative methods of resource management by incorporating new and upcoming design software in correlation to Maori Land holdings and collaboration with iwi.  The collateral damage caused by commercial and industrial development has over the past decade has also sabotaged values of Kaitiaki due to the increase of hard surface infrastructure and polluted waterways. Current methods of mapping traditional landscapes are limited when it comes to the ability to encapsulate an environment with cultural values. This research investigates the potential of digital tools and iwi collaboration to enhance the experiential aspect of an environment through an immersive, interactive and open collaborative 3D environment.  By leveraging the potential of photogrammetry to represent a 3D scene of certain areas, the potential to test and simulate current land management will be tested through a 3D model. Equipped with live feeds of data such as climate, tree species, this model’s purpose will be to emulate a cultural landscape and reconnect the loss of kaitiaki between Iwi and their Rohe.  This tool will be designed to enable user interaction and commentary to simulate realistic scenes of their day to day scenery in order to become more aware of the impacts of kaitiaki and whakapapa.  Both Iwi and council have a long-term interest in the design of good landscapes that reflect culturally while enabling methods of traditional kaupapa and kaitiakitanga. My goal is to aid this design process through landscape architecture.</p>

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

In situ microprobe quantitation of inorganic particle burden in paraffin sections of lung tissue

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 990-991
Author(s):  
Jerrold L. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Data Result

Inorganic particulate material of diverse types is present in the ambient and occupational environment, and exposure to such materials is a well recognized cause of some lung disease. To investigate the interaction of inhaled inorganic particulates with the lung it is necessary to obtain quantitative information on the particulate burden of lung tissue in a wide variety of situations. The vast majority of diagnostic and experimental tissue samples (biopsies and autopsies) are fixed with formaldehyde solutions, dehydrated with organic solvents and embedded in paraffin wax. Over the past 16 years, I have attempted to obtain maximal analytical use of such tissue with minimal preparative steps. Unique diagnostic and research data result from both qualitative and quantitative analyses of sections. Most of the data has been related to inhaled inorganic particulates in lungs, but the basic methods are applicable to any tissues. The preparations are primarily designed for SEM use, but they are stable for storage and transport to other laboratories and several other instruments (e.g., for SIMS techniques).

An atomic-resolution microscope study of Al contracts on GaAs

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 726-727
Author(s):  
Z. Liliental-Weber ◽  
C. Nelson ◽  
R. Ludeke ◽  
R. Gronsky ◽  
J. Washburn
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Schottky Contacts ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
The Past ◽  
Semiconductor Interfaces ◽  
Deposited Metal ◽  
Microwave Applications ◽  
Free Interfaces ◽  
Potential Use

The properties of metal/semiconductor interfaces have received considerable attention over the past few years, and the Al/GaAs system is of special interest because of its potential use in high-speed logic integrated optics, and microwave applications. For such materials a detailed knowledge of the geometric and electronic structure of the interface is fundamental to an understanding of the electrical properties of the contact. It is well known that the properties of Schottky contacts are established within a few atomic layers of the deposited metal. Therefore surface contamination can play a significant role. A method for fabricating contamination-free interfaces is absolutely necessary for reproducible properties, and molecularbeam epitaxy (MBE) offers such advantages for in-situ metal deposition under UHV conditions

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