scholarly journals Predicting outdoor thermal comfort in urban areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Victoria Jo Louise Toner
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Comfort Index ◽  
Built Form ◽  
Design Changes

<p>Outdoor thermal comfort is key to creating vibrant outdoor urban spaces. The built form is able to modify solar radiation and wind. However, there is currently no way of considering the effect of the built form on thermal comfort when designing a new development based on the environmental factors – wind, solar radiation, and ambient temperature. Current practice for designing outdoor thermal comfort is based on simple design guidelines, and knowledge of local wind and sun patterns.  A Process for Predicting Outdoor Thermal Comfort has been developed. This predicts thermal comfort based on solar radiation, wind, and ambient temperature using The Wellington Comfort Index. The process is able to predict comfort at a single point within a proposed urban development using specialised computer programs. Through predicting how the combination of solar radiation, wind, and ambient temperature will affect comfort, improvements can be made to comfort during the design phase.  The aim of this thesis project is to develop the Process for Predicting Outdoor Thermal Comfort into a Comfort Tool for use at the preliminary design stage of a development. The intended users of the tool are professionals working in urban planning and architecture, such as designers and consultants who have experience with three-dimensional modelling and simulation programs.  A case study research approach was used to test The Comfort Tool’s ability to inform design changes through communicating thermal comfort across a proposed development. A range of case studies were selected with different built forms. This was to test if The Comfort Tool can predict comfort in case studies with different levels of solar radiation and wind at pedestrian level due to the variations in the built forms.  This research confirmed that a tool can be developed for predicting comfort across a proposed development, which can also test proposed design changes for their success during the design phase. However, further investigation is needed to determine whether The Wellington Comfort Index can be used in other cities.</p>

scholarly journals Predicting outdoor thermal comfort in urban areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Victoria Jo Louise Toner
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Comfort Index ◽  
Built Form ◽  
Design Changes

<p>Outdoor thermal comfort is key to creating vibrant outdoor urban spaces. The built form is able to modify solar radiation and wind. However, there is currently no way of considering the effect of the built form on thermal comfort when designing a new development based on the environmental factors – wind, solar radiation, and ambient temperature. Current practice for designing outdoor thermal comfort is based on simple design guidelines, and knowledge of local wind and sun patterns.  A Process for Predicting Outdoor Thermal Comfort has been developed. This predicts thermal comfort based on solar radiation, wind, and ambient temperature using The Wellington Comfort Index. The process is able to predict comfort at a single point within a proposed urban development using specialised computer programs. Through predicting how the combination of solar radiation, wind, and ambient temperature will affect comfort, improvements can be made to comfort during the design phase.  The aim of this thesis project is to develop the Process for Predicting Outdoor Thermal Comfort into a Comfort Tool for use at the preliminary design stage of a development. The intended users of the tool are professionals working in urban planning and architecture, such as designers and consultants who have experience with three-dimensional modelling and simulation programs.  A case study research approach was used to test The Comfort Tool’s ability to inform design changes through communicating thermal comfort across a proposed development. A range of case studies were selected with different built forms. This was to test if The Comfort Tool can predict comfort in case studies with different levels of solar radiation and wind at pedestrian level due to the variations in the built forms.  This research confirmed that a tool can be developed for predicting comfort across a proposed development, which can also test proposed design changes for their success during the design phase. However, further investigation is needed to determine whether The Wellington Comfort Index can be used in other cities.</p>

Outdoor thermal comfort in a tropical coastal tourist resort in Haikou, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 730-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunjing Shang ◽  
Xinyu Huang ◽  
Yufeng Zhang ◽  
Maoquan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Considering the importance of thermal comfort in decision-making in tourism, a transverse study involving micrometeorological measurements and questionnaires was performed at a popular coastal destination during the seasons of spring, autumn and winter. We examined the thermal sensation and thermal acceptability using the physiological equivalent temperature (PET). The results indicate that tourists’ thermal sensations varied with the season and the neutral PETs were 19.2°C, 23.8°C and 23.3°C in winter, spring and autumn. The 90% acceptable ranges of the PET affected by the local climate were 19.6–29.5°C during the entire three-season survey period, 21.4–27.1°C in the spring, 19.2–32°C in the autumn and more than 15.9°C in the winter. The analysis of microclimate parameters that affect thermal comfort in three seasons reveals that people expected weaker solar radiation, stronger wind and lower humidity with the air temperature rising, and vice versa. The acceptable range of wind speed was 0.6–2.5 m/s in winter, 0.6–3.5 m/s in spring and autumn. The acceptable range of solar radiation was 0–150 W/m2 in autumn and 0–250 W/m2 in winter. These findings contribute to the better designs for coastal facilities and the thermal comfort of tropical areas.

scholarly journals Thermal Perception in the Mediterranean Area: Comparing the Mediterranean Outdoor Comfort Index (MOCI) to Other Outdoor Thermal Comfort Indices

Energies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iacopo Golasi ◽  
Ferdinando Salata ◽  
Emanuele de Lieto Vollaro ◽  
Massimo Coppi ◽  
Andrea de Lieto Vollaro
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Perception ◽  
Comfort Index ◽  
Outdoor Comfort ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Comfort Indices

scholarly journals Analyzing the Effect of Water Body on the Thermal Environment and Comfort at Indoor and Outdoor Spaces in Tropical University Campus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 282-288
Author(s):  
Farhadur Reza ◽  
◽  
Shoichi Kojima ◽  
Wataru Ando
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Clothing Insulation ◽  
Comfort Index ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
And Performance ◽  
University Spaces

Water bodies play a significant role in its surrounding thermal environment. Thermal comfort in university spaces is critical that affects the students’ health and performance as well as the staffs. This study investigated thermal environment and comfort near lakeside and non-lakeside tropical university spaces. Standard Effective Temperature (SET*) have been calculated using recorded air temperature, relative humidity, globe temperature, air velocity, clothing insulation and metabolic rate to evaluate the thermal comfort in outdoor and indoor spaces. The effects of weather parameters have been clearly visible on the comfort index. The calculated SET* values indicate that the outdoor thermal comfort near a lake is much closer to the standard comfort zone than non-lakeside outdoor space. In the case of indoor thermal comfort, however, slightly a different scenario has been observed. To achieve the desirable indoor thermal environment, some design considerations are recommended based on findings.

scholarly journals Impact of solar reflectance of wall and road on outdoor thermal comfort - experimental study in a street canyon setup

2019 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Kiran Kumar D E V S ◽  
Man Pun Wan ◽  
Mandi Zhou ◽  
Yongping Long ◽  
Bing Feng Ng
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Street Canyon ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Diffuse Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Reflectance

Thermal environment in an urban street canyon is primarily affected by prevailing air conditions, wind flow, solar radiation as well as thermal properties of the surrounding urban structures and pavement surfaces that affect the reflection, absorption and re-emission of solar radiation. Experiments were conducted in a 1:5 scale test setup consisting of North-South oriented street canyon (height to width ratio 1.7) located in Singapore. Test cases covering two levels solar reflectance of walls (0.35 and 0.57) and road (0.12 and 0.55) were conducted in a three-month period. Environmental parameters including direct beam and diffuse solar radiation, net radiation (incoming and outgoing shortwave and longwave radiation) and wind speed were continuously measured at the top of the canyon. Thermal comfort parameters including air temperature, relative humidity, air velocity and globe temperature were also monitored continuously inside the street canyon. When the solar reflectance of canyon surfaces increases, mean radiant temperature (MRT) reduces by up to 1.2°C during daytime and 2.5°C during the night. Such reduction leads to reduced occurrence of heat stress by 34% and 42% during the day and night times, respectively, as measured by the universal thermal comfort index (UTCI). This paper further discusses the effect of longwave radiation on MRT in the street canyon due to changes in canyon solar reflectance.

scholarly journals Outdoor Thermal Comfort Optimization through Vegetation Parameterization: Species and Tree Layout

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11791
Author(s):  
Bouthaina Sayad ◽  
Djamel Alkama ◽  
Redha Rebhi ◽  
Younes Menni ◽  
Hijaz Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
Ficus Nitida

The optimization of outdoor thermal comfort has become the keystone to guarantee the healthy and comfortable use of outdoor spaces. This study aims to optimize the outdoor thermal comfort through vegetation parameterization in a boulevard located in Guelma city, Algeria during summertime. However, two main parameters were investigated, species and tree layout, through a numerical simulation. We first collected microclimate data of a sunny summer day. Second, we used real microclimate data in different simulations using the Envi-met atmospheric model. The findings reveal that Ficus Nitida is the most significant species to intercept solar radiation and provide shade over the day in Souidani Boudjemaa Boulevard, with a maximum reduction of Ta = 0.3 °C and UTCI = 2.6 °C at 13:00 p.m. Tree layout is a determining parameter in the creation of shaded paths, based on the quality of the shadows cast by the trees, namely, their size. Thereby, planting the washingtonia palm trees along the center of the boulevard is the best option to maximize the shaded area within the boulevard, with maximum reduction of Ta = 1.8 °C and UTCI = 3.5 °C at 16:00 p.m.

Complying with the demand of standardization in outdoor thermal comfort: a first approach to the Global Outdoor Comfort Index (GOCI)

2018 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 104-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iacopo Golasi ◽  
Ferdinando Salata ◽  
Emanuele de Lieto Vollaro ◽  
Massimo Coppi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Comfort Index ◽  
Outdoor Comfort

scholarly journals Summer Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Urban Commercial Pedestrian Streets in Severe Cold Regions of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Zhu ◽  
Jing Liang ◽  
Cheng Sun ◽  
Yunsong Han
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Psychological Adaptation ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
View Factor ◽  
Cold Regions

This paper investigates outdoor thermal comfort in summer in commercial pedestrian streets in Harbin, using meteorological measurements and questionnaire surveys (1013 valid questionnaires). The results demonstrate that: (1) Thermal sensation has a lower range in an outdoor environment with smaller sky view factor (SVF) and less fluctuation, while the thermal sensation vote (TSV) range is more dispersed in an outdoor environment with larger SVF and more fluctuation; (2) In the urban, high-density commercial districts in Harbin, the air temperature and solar radiation have a greater influence on outdoor thermal sensation, while wind speed has less of an influence, and residents in areas with less fluctuations are more sensitive to air temperature and solar radiation; (3) The universal thermal climate index (UTCI) can accurately evaluate outdoor thermal comfort in Harbin in summer, with a neutral UTCI value of 19.3 °C and a range from 15.6 to 23.0 °C; (4) The actual acceptable thermal range is 16.8–29.3 °C, and this takes into account the psychological adaptation of the residents, which provides a more practical reference value; (5) With reference to the psychological adaptation, the outdoor thermal sensation of residents in early summer is about 0.5 TSV higher than that in late summer. These results provide a theoretical basis and a technical reference for the design of commercial pedestrian streets in severe cold regions.

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