scholarly journals A qualitative study to investigate the barriers to adoption of a lifestyle associated with optimal peak bone mass acquisition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sana Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
University Students ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Limited Knowledge

<p>Background: Osteoporosis is a major public health problem through its association with fragility fracture. Peak bone mass is attained in the second or third decade and has been shown to be a major determinant of later osteoporosis risk. Important determinants of peak bone mass include weight bearing physical activity levels, diet, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption.  Aim: This study aimed to elucidate knowledge of factors affecting bone health among young people and identify lifestyle barriers to attainment of peak bone mass.  Methods: Participants were recruited through mass mailing of University students and staff aged 18-35 at Victoria University of Wellington. Six semi structured focus group interviews were conducted, where knowledge of factors associated with bone health and attitudes to lifestyles associated with beneficial health behaviors were explored. The interviews were audio taped and transcribed. A thematic approach for data analysis using constant comparative method was performed with Nvivo software.  Results: A total of 28 students (7 males, 21 females, mean age 28 years) were included. Seven themes emerged with regard to knowledge about factors affecting bone health which included physical activity, dairy, menopause, aging, smoking, alcohol and lack of knowledge about osteoporosis. For barriers, broadly eight themes of lifestyle factors emerged that included time, lack of resources, student life, cost, weather, cultural factors, lack of motivation and lastly smoking and alcohol. Students had limited knowledge about bone health in general, prevention of osteoporosis, and the importance of weight bearing physical activity and diet in determining later bone health. Some participants, especially vegans, expressed difficulties with making diet choices adequate in calcium, while others reported time management was a barrier to incorporating physical activity into everyday life. A few voiced a lack of motivation to exercise in bad weather. Some participants reported behaviors detrimental to bone health such as smoking and heavy alcohol consumption, with peer pressure being one factor leading to an increase in such activities, compounded by cultural and social pressures. Many students aspired to a healthier lifestyle but felt that they had limited knowledge about bone health, and specifically what they might need do to improve it.   Conclusions: These data highlights a lack of awareness of factors that impact peak bone mass among University students, an expressed desire to know more, and a keenness to adopt healthier behaviors. School-based education could provide stronger foundations with regards to knowledge of bone health. These observational data might help design interventions that encourage optimal peak bone mass in later life.</p>

scholarly journals A qualitative study to investigate the barriers to adoption of a lifestyle associated with optimal peak bone mass acquisition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sana Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
University Students ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Limited Knowledge

<p>Background: Osteoporosis is a major public health problem through its association with fragility fracture. Peak bone mass is attained in the second or third decade and has been shown to be a major determinant of later osteoporosis risk. Important determinants of peak bone mass include weight bearing physical activity levels, diet, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption.  Aim: This study aimed to elucidate knowledge of factors affecting bone health among young people and identify lifestyle barriers to attainment of peak bone mass.  Methods: Participants were recruited through mass mailing of University students and staff aged 18-35 at Victoria University of Wellington. Six semi structured focus group interviews were conducted, where knowledge of factors associated with bone health and attitudes to lifestyles associated with beneficial health behaviors were explored. The interviews were audio taped and transcribed. A thematic approach for data analysis using constant comparative method was performed with Nvivo software.  Results: A total of 28 students (7 males, 21 females, mean age 28 years) were included. Seven themes emerged with regard to knowledge about factors affecting bone health which included physical activity, dairy, menopause, aging, smoking, alcohol and lack of knowledge about osteoporosis. For barriers, broadly eight themes of lifestyle factors emerged that included time, lack of resources, student life, cost, weather, cultural factors, lack of motivation and lastly smoking and alcohol. Students had limited knowledge about bone health in general, prevention of osteoporosis, and the importance of weight bearing physical activity and diet in determining later bone health. Some participants, especially vegans, expressed difficulties with making diet choices adequate in calcium, while others reported time management was a barrier to incorporating physical activity into everyday life. A few voiced a lack of motivation to exercise in bad weather. Some participants reported behaviors detrimental to bone health such as smoking and heavy alcohol consumption, with peer pressure being one factor leading to an increase in such activities, compounded by cultural and social pressures. Many students aspired to a healthier lifestyle but felt that they had limited knowledge about bone health, and specifically what they might need do to improve it.   Conclusions: These data highlights a lack of awareness of factors that impact peak bone mass among University students, an expressed desire to know more, and a keenness to adopt healthier behaviors. School-based education could provide stronger foundations with regards to knowledge of bone health. These observational data might help design interventions that encourage optimal peak bone mass in later life.</p>

scholarly journals EXERCISE AND PEAK BONE MASS: RECOMMENDATION FOR BUILDING HEALTHY BONES IN CHILDREN

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
A Andi Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence

Regular Physical activity (PA) and exercise plays a vital role in the health and well-being of people of all ages, and its associated with positive outcomes relating to weight status, cardiometabolic markers, chronic disease prevention, bone health and mental health. Genetic factors are the strongest determinants of bone mass, but PA and exercise with loading of the bone also has a major impact on bone mass as well as on bone strength. Physical activity has been proposed as a key factor for developing healthy bones in childhood and adolescence, mainly when high-impact and weight-bearing exercise above a certain intensity and duration. It has been associated with bone accretion showing an important osteogenic effect, mainly when high-impact and weight bearing physical activity occur. Muscle mass is also a determinant of bone development. Several studies have examined the association between PA and bone health among youths.

scholarly journals Prepubertal Impact of Protein Intake and Physical Activity on Weight Bearing Peak Bone Mass and Strength in Males

2016 ◽  
pp. jc.2016-2449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chevalley Thierry ◽  
Jean-Philippe Bonjour ◽  
Marie-Claude Audet ◽  
Fanny Merminod ◽  
Bert van Rietbergen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Weight Bearing

scholarly journals The effect of physical activity and its interaction with nutrition on bone health

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niamh M. Murphy ◽  
Paula Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Unusual Distribution ◽  
Theory Research ◽  
The Impact

Physical activity (PA) is a popular therapy for the prevention and treatment of bone loss and osteoporosis because it has no adverse side effects, it is low cost, and it confers additional benefits such as postural stability and fall prevention. Bone mass is regulated by mechanical loading, and is limited but not controlled by diet. The mechanism by which strain thresholds turn bone remodelling ‘on’ and ‘off ’ is known as the mechanostat theory. Research in animals has shown that optimal strains are dynamic, with a high change rate, an unusual distribution and a high magnitude of strain, but the results of randomized controlled trials in human subjects have been somewhat equivocal. In the absence of weight-bearing activity nutritional or endocrine interventions cannot maintain bone mass. Biochemical markers of bone turnover predict bone mass changes, and findings from our research group and others have shown that both acute and chronic exercise can reduce bone resorption. Similarly, Ca intervention studies have shown that supplementation can reduce bone resorption. Several recent meta-analytical reviews concur that changes in bone mass with exercise are typically 2–3%. Some of these studies suggest that Ca intake may influence the impact of PA on bone, with greater effects in Ca-replete subjects. Comparative studies between Asian (high PA, low Ca intake) and US populations (low PA, high Ca intake) suggest that PA may permit an adaptation to low Ca intakes. Whether Ca and PA interact synergistically is one of the most important questions unanswered in the area of lifestyle-related bone health research.

scholarly journals Clustering of lifestyle factors in Spanish university students: the relationship between smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and diet quality

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2131-2139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Moreno-Gómez ◽  
Dora Romaguera-Bosch ◽  
Pedro Tauler-Riera ◽  
Miquel Bennasar-Veny ◽  
Jordi Pericas-Beltran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
University Students ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Processed Meat

AbstractObjectiveTo ascertain the prevalence of and association between main lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking) in students from the Balearic Islands University.DesignA cross-sectional, descriptive study. A questionnaire including questions on lifestyle, dietary habits and physical activity habits was administered to the students. Four different diet quality scores were calculated (Diet Diversity Score, Mediterranean Diet Score, Dietary Guidelines Score and Global Dietary Guidelines Score).SettingA sample of students from the Balearic Islands University.SubjectsNine hundred and eighty-seven students (45·5 % males; mean age 21·5 (sd 3·3) years).ResultsThe dietary pattern of the student population was characterized by a low consumption of cereals and tubers, fruits, vegetables, olive oil, legumes and nuts, and a high consumption of processed meat, sweets, snacks, soft drinks and pastries. Linear, positive and statistically significant correlations were found between the number of meals consumed daily and all of the diet quality scores determined. Determinants of diet quality, both in the univariate and multivariate analyses, were physical activity practice, sex, age and number of meals consumed daily.ConclusionsRisk factors such as smoking, diet and physical inactivity had a tendency of clustering among Spanish university students. Overall diet quality was low, due to important departures from dietary recommendations and loss of the traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern. Nutritional education campaigns that include promotion of physical activity practice are needed to improve the overall health status of this population.

A six years longitudinal cohort study on the changes in bone density and bone quality up to peak bone mass in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with and without 2 years of Calcium and Vit-D supplementation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
TP Lam ◽  
G Yang ◽  
H Pang ◽  
BHK Yip ◽  
WYW Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Health Improvement

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is associated with osteopenia which could persist into adulthood affecting attainment of Peak Bone Mass thus resulting in osteoporosis in late adulthood. We previously reported a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial(the Cal study) showing significant bone health improvement with 2-year calcium(Ca)+Vit-D supplementation for AIS girls. This study addressed the important issue whether bone health improvement from the initial 2-year Ca+Vit-D supplementation could persist as subjects approached towards Peak Bone Mass at 6-year ie after 4-year of supplement discontinuation. This was an extension of the Cal study on AIS girls (11–14 years old, mean age=12.9 years, Tanner stage<IV) with femoral neck aBMD Z-score<0 and Cobb angle≥15∘. 330 subjects were randomized to Group1(placebo), Group2(600mgCa+400-IU-Vit-D3/day) or Group3(600mgCa+800-IU-Vit-D3/day) for 2-year supplementation after which supplementation was stopped. Investigations at baseline, 2-year and 6-year included High-resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography(HR-pQCT) at distal radius and Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry(DXA) at both hips. 270(81.8%) subjects completed 2-year supplementation when changes in left femoral neck aBMD, trabecular vBMD, Trabecular BV/TV, Trabecular Number and Trabecular Separation indicated significant bone health improvement with Ca+Vit-D supplementation(p<0.05). At 6-year(mean age=19.2 years), no between-group difference on bone parameters was noted except increase in Cortical Thickness being greater only in Group3 than in Group1. After 4-year supplement discontinuation, the treatment effect from the initial 2-year supplementation mostly dissipated indicating the need of continued supplementation in AIS girls to sustain therapeutic improvement on bone health as subjects approach towards Peak Bone Mass.

Childhood growth, physical activity, and peak bone mass in women

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 940-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrus Cooper ◽  
Michael Cawley ◽  
Ashok Bhalla ◽  
Peter Egger ◽  
Francis Ring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Childhood Growth

Body Composition and Its Relationship to Growth and Bone Mass in Patients with Thalassemia

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 3890-3890
Author(s):  
Ellen Fung ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Janet Kwiatkowski ◽  
Sylvia Titi Singer ◽  
Ashutosh Lal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Percentage Body Fat

Abstract Optimal nutritional status is imperative for achieving the genetic potential for growth and development in children as well as for robust immune function and bone health in adults. Patients with thalassemia (Thal) are known to have abnormal growth, altered development and immune function and deficits in bone mass. For children, weight and height is commonly used to assess overall nutritional status, whereas for adults, body composition is a gross marker of an individual’s overall nutritional health. Nutritional status and body composition has not been explored in patients with Thal. To examine this, we have assessed body composition (fat, lean) and bone density by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA, Hologic Delphi A) in 370 subjects enrolled in a cross-sectional study of the Thal Clinical Research Network (TCRN), a North American collaborative research group. In addition to DXA, weight and height were measured, medical history obtained and a brief calcium food frequency and physical activity questionnaire completed. The total sample was divided into 2 groups: (TxThal) 257 transfused thalassemia major and E-beta thal patients (23.7 ± 11 yr, 131 male), and (NTxThal) 113 never or minimally transfused patients with other thalassemia syndromes (21.3 ± 13 yr, 50 male). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated (kg/m2) and cutoffs determined for children (<17=underweight, ≥30 obese) and adults (<18.5=underweight, ≥30 obese). As expected there was a high correlation between BMI and fat and lean mass by DXA (r=0.7 to 0.86, p<0.001). 6.2% of adults and 39.3% of children were classified as underweight by BMI and nearly 1/3 of children with Thal had abnormally low percentage body fat; while only 3.4% of adults and 2.2% of children were considered obese. Compared to median data from NHANES, adult patients with Thal are much leaner (BMI: 22.8±0.4) compared to contemporary adult Americans (28.1±0.2, p<0.0001). TxThal had more total body fat mass (14.3 vs 11.4 g, p<0.0001) and percentage body fat (27.3% vs. 24.9% p=0.007) compared to NTxThal. As has been observed in epidemiological studies of healthy subjects, calcium intake was inversely related to fat mass (p=0.009) as well as lean mass (p=0.007) after controlling for the effects of age, gender and diagnosis. Current physical activity level was a strong predictor of reduced body fat (p=0.007), whereas hemoglobin level was positively related to lean mass (p=0.001). Moreover, body fat was a positive predictor for height Z-score (p<0.0001). Low bone mass (BMD Z-Score <−2.0) was found in 50% of subjects, and BMD Z-score was moderately correlated with height Z-score (p<0.0001) and weight Z-score (p<0.0001). Though the majority of patients with Thal were classified as having a healthy body composition with very few obese patients, nearly 40% of the children in this sample were underweight. NTxThal appear at particular risk for underweight. These results suggest that an adequate amount of body fat is necessary for optimal growth and bone health in patients with Thal, and that calcium intake is associated with optimal body composition. These preliminary findings support the need for more careful study of nutritional status and its relationship to overall health in patients with thalassemia.

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