Une paratextualité émergente dans les tombes privées

In this paper, I investigate the speech captions (the so-called ‘Reden und Rufe’) in the private tombs from the Old Kingdom to the Late Period. I aim to show some of the ways used by the Egyptian scribes and/or artists to formally distinguish these speeches from other captions and inscriptions displayed in private tombs. After presenting the text- image interrelation and the most common speech caption layouts, I turn my attention to the form(s) of these captions and trace back the appearance of discursive marks in Old Kingdom mastaba as first evidence of paratextuality. I then offer a diachronic overview of the other paratextual means used to categorize a caption as a speech or a song: Dd-formulas, the parenthetic in indicating a direct quotation as well as the expression xn n wSb and xn n nhm.

Make leave, not war. Intertextual references in the British press coverage of Brexit

In the so-called Brexit referendum which took place on 23 June 2016, a slim majority of British citizens voted in favour of the United Kingdom leaving the EU. Following this decision, the United Kingdom officially withdrew from the European Union on 31 January 2020. On both occasions, British newspapers responded with a series of articles and front pages where they elaborated on various arguments for and against Brexit and declared sides in the Brexit campaign. The following study, which focuses on the UK’s withdrawal from the EU, is based on Brexit-related front pages and articles from print and online editions of British newspapers published in both June 2016 and late January/early February 2020. The analysed periodicals represent diverging viewpoints: some argued against Brexit, whereas others backed the Leave campaign. The main points of interest are the intertextual techniques implied in the analysed media texts, ranging from direct quotation to (visual) allusion. They are viewed and discussed as means of (1) revealing the stance of the analysed newspapers; (2) extending the meaning of a given text; (3) attracting attention; and, last but not least, (4) “infotainment”, i.e. involving and entertaining the readership. The conducted analysis proves visual allusions based on British and European national symbols as well as structural allusions to films, songs and works of literature, proverbs and fixed phrases to be a widely applied journalistic strategy in the British media coverage of Brexit. Carefully targeted by producers of media and appropriately decoded by the readership not only do they fulfil a meaning-making and evaluative function but first and foremost provide entertainment, enhance the attractiveness and thus maintain and/or increase the circulation of the newspaper in question.

Light heads and predicate formation: on two scopes of discontinuity

The present article addresses the problem of syntax-semantics mapping of syntactically complex structures that are interpreted as semantically simple terms. While these morphosyntactic mechanisms have been successfully applied to roots in Marantz’s framework, more complex structures turn out to be formally and conceptually challenging. To solve these problems, I make use of Cooper’s type-theoretic framework to propose a formal account of Transfer. I apply this to verbal idioms and direct quotation, whose parts do not obtain the idiomatic/quotational reading. The main result is a formal account of light heads providing the operation of predicate formation within cyclic derivations.

Perspective Shift Across Modalities

Languages offer various ways to present what someone said, thought, imagined, felt, and so on from their perspective. The prototypical example of a perspective-shifting device is direct quotation. In this review we define perspective shift in terms of indexical shift: A direct quotation like “Selena said, ‘Oh, I don't know.’” involves perspective shift because the first-person indexical ‘I’ refers to Selena, not to the actual speaker. We then discuss a variety of noncanonical modality-specific perspective-shifting devices: role shift in signed language, quotatives in spoken language, free indirect discourse in written language, and point-of-view shift in visual language. We show that these devices permit complex mixed forms of perspective shift which may involve nonlinguistic gestural as well as visual components. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Linguistics, Volume 8 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Reconfiguring Quotation over Time and the System-Internal Rise of BE like

Recent work on first person dialogue in conversation (“direct quotation”) assumes that quotation is undergoing rapid and large-scale change as a consequence of the emergence of BE like. In this chapter I merge archival and contemporary materials to explore the parameters of change across two longitudinal speech collections. My concern is the role of grammatical constraints on quotation, alongside evolution of the functional, pragmatic, and lexical repertoires. Drawing on parallel data from two varieties of English, I present a comparative variationist analysis of direct quotation, spanning the late nineteenth century to the present. Analysis reveals a longitudinal and multifaceted trajectory of change, resulting in a highly constrained variable grammar in which contextual factors can be seen to evolve and specialise. There is no evidence that recent changes are the result of new quotatives; rather, the system-internal evolutionary pathway that set the scene for BE like is laid bare.

Kajian Mitos dalam Novel 'Aroma Karsa' Karya Dewi Lestari Perspektif Ekologi Budaya (The Myth Study inside of ‘Aroma Karsa’ Novel By Dewi Lestari Perspective of Culture Ecology)

Lingkungan budaya dengan segala kompleksitasnya mampu memberikan sumbangan terhadap lahirnya mitos. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan fakta-fakta mitos, fungsi mitos, dan keterkaitan mitos dengan lingkungan budaya. Ekologi budaya dipilih sebagai pendekatan, karena masyarakat dan lingkungan budaya tidak dapat dipisahkan dari aspek penciptaan karya sastra. Adapun teori yang digunakan adalah strukturalisme Claude Levi-Strauss berupa miteme yaitu unsur-unsur terkecil dalam mitos. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis untuk mendeskripsikan mitos-mitos dalam novel dengan melibatkan lingkungan budaya. Data penelitian berupa sekuen cerita, kutipan satuan cerita berwujud kutipan langsung, dialog, dan monolog tentang mitos. Sumber data penelitian berasal dari novel Aroma Karsa karya Dewi Lestari. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi pustaka berupa membaca novel Aroma Karsa karya Dewi Lestari, dan ditunjang dengan buku dan sumber lain yang relevan dengan rumusan masalah. Analisis data dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi data, mengklasifikasikan data, menganalisis data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian yaitu mengungkapkan fakta-fakta mitos melalui rangkaian peristiwa, miteme yang menghadirkan Puspa Karsa sebagai tokoh sakral, kehidupan Puspa Karsa, dan benda-benda yang terungkap dalamnya. Kehadiran Puspa Karsa dan tokoh-tokoh mitologi lainnya memberikan fungsi tersendiri, salah satunya untuk memberikan pemahaman bahwa ada kekuatan lain yang hidup berdampingan dengan manusia. Lokasi taman Puspa Karsa memanfaatkan Lingkungan budaya masyarakat Jawa Tengah yang melahirkan beragam mitos, namun masih diyakini kebenarannya.Kata kunci: mitos, kajian budaya, mitemeABSTRACTCultural environment with all of the complexity is able to contribute to the existence of myths. This research aims to describe mythical facts, mythical function, and relation between myths with cultural environment. Cultural ecology is chosen as an approach, because society and cultural environment cannot be separated from creation of literary aspect. The theory used is the structuralism of Claude Levi-Strauss in the form of mytheme that is the smallest elements in the myth. The research uses descriptive analysis method in order to describe the myths in the novels by involving cultural environment. The data in this study are sequence story, story unit quotes in form of direct quotation, dialogue and monologues about myths. The research sources are from Dewi Lestari’s ‘Aroma Karsa’ novels. Data collection is carried out through literature studies in the form of reading ‘Aroma Karsa’, novel by Dewi Lestari also supported by another books and relevant sources for adjust the problem statement. Data analysis has done by identifying data, classifying data, analyzing data, and concluding the data. The result of the study were to reveal mythical facts through some events, a mytheme that presented Puspa Karsa as a sacred figure, the life of Puspa Karsa, anda objects revealed in it. The presence of Puspa Karsa and other mythological figure provides its own function, one of which is to provide an understanding that there are other forces that coexist with humans. The location of Puspa Karsa park makes use of the cultural environment of the Central Java people which raisesariety of myths, but the truth is still believed.

Linguistic recycling and its relationship to academic conflict

Reaching an understanding of how scholarly writers manage linguistic recycling remains a focus of many studies in applied linguistics, bibliometrics, and the sociology of science. The value apportioned to citations in research assessment protocols is one factor in this sustained interest, the challenges that managing intertextuality present for novice scholars, another. Applied linguists such as Harwood (2009) and Hyland and Jiang (2017) alongside sociologists of science have studied citation practices largely from the point of view of writers’ reasons for citing (see Erikson & Erlandson, 2014 for a review) or readers’ understanding of the function of the citation (e.g., Willett, 2013). Linguistic recycling as direct quotation of previously published research has received less attention from applied linguists, a notable exception being Petrić’s (2012) examination of students’ quotation practices. Her study focuses on quoting writers’ intentions. We know less, however, about cited authors’ responses to quotations of their work. It is these responses that form the focus of our study. Taking our two most frequently cited publications, we compiled a corpus of direct quotations noting the quotation strategy and our responses to each instance of the reuse of our words. These responses ranged from pride and satisfaction through to annoyance at an instance of blatant misquotation. We then extended our corpus to include quotations from publications by three scholars who have played a role in debate around a key controversy in the English for research publication purposes (ERPP) literature. We presented these scholars with a representative sample of quotations of their publications related to the controversy and asked them to indicate which instances they regarded as unwarranted. Analysis of these authors’ responses provides insights into the relationship of direct quotation to the rhetorical management of academic conflict. We suggest possible parallels with the expression of discrepancy in other domains.

The Appropriateness of Literary Texts in Teaching Reading Skills: The Case of Some Selected High Schools in Ethiopia

The main objective of this study was to assess the appropriateness of literary texts in teaching reading skills at some selected high schools in Ethiopia. The study employed survey research design. Different instruments and sampling techniques were used. Document analysis was conducted to examine the appropriateness of literary texts and reading activities designed from them. Questionnaire was administered for 429 students that were selected through stratified sampling. Interview was also conducted with 7 purposively selected EFL teachers. The collected data was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Data from interview and document analysis were analyzed qualitatively using narration, thematic analyses and direct quotation, whereas data from questionnaire was analyzed quantitatively using percentage, mean and grand mean. Findings of the study revealed that the majority of the literary texts are found to be linguistically very difficult, culturally unfamiliar and unsatisfactory to students’ interest. In addition, the study found that most reading activities do not give useful cultural background, stimulating tasks, language awareness activities and previewing key language. The study concluded that the literary texts integrated for teaching reading skills and activities are not helpful to teach reading skills.

The mythical antecedents of the Ciris

The pseudo-Vergilian Ciris is often treated as an epyllion, and so compared to other epyllia (by Catullus, Calvus, Cinna, and Valerius Cato). This chapter focuses on what is at stake in comparisons between the Ciris and these (mostly imaginary) poems. Scholarship has for many decades sought to pick the Ciris apart scene by scene, suggesting that over two-thirds of it was adapted, incompetently, from other poems that we can no longer read; likewise, it has been compared to a cento. This chapter suggests that such comparisons are worse than useless: they introduce questions of originality to a genre in which it is inappropriate. By way of contrast, a typology of allusions (direct quotation, fairly-certain quotation, reuse of motif) is offered, followed by discussions of particular passages within the nurse scene of the Ciris that can be interpreted more generously than scholars have usually interpreted them.

China and Russia – «The Great Silk Road» - the interpenetration of cultures in composing in the 21st century

The article is devoted to the premiere of the symphonic work of the Russian composer Viktor Pleshak "Dun Huang" held in China in 2018. In this regard, the problem of interpenetration of cultures on the basis of their integration and striving for peaceful cooperation is considered. The urgency of such cultural initiatives between countries is emphasized. The features of the musical language of this symphony are noted: the introduction of Chinese folk instruments (pipa, erhu, shen) into the classical composition of the symphony orchestra. As a feature of the musical language of the symphony, the ability of the Russian composer to penetrate into the essence of the characteristic modes of Chinese music and create a large symphonic work with a national flavor in the absence of direct quotation of Chinese folk melodies is noted.