scholarly journals Types and Functions of Taxes in a Market Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 579
Author(s):  
Isabella Rustambekovna Yuldasheva ◽  
Nematulla Abdusalamovich Artikov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Economic Considerations

The purpose of this article is to explain the role and importance of taxes in a market economy based on economic analysis. There are also economic considerations about the types of taxes, and the importance of the functions of taxes in today’s market economy has been scientifically demonstrated. The role of taxes and types of taxes in the regulation of the economy, the results of economic measures taken to introduce taxes in the economic growth of the country are presented in statistics. Through an in-depth analysis of the role of tax functions in the economy, we can identify them as a key factor in ensuring the country's budget. The large-scale work carried out in our country to ensure greater transparency of tax policy determines the relevance of this sector for today's market economy.

Mexico's Pre-Revolutionary Reckoning with Railroads

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Theory ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Underdeveloped Country ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Economic Interpretation ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Railway System ◽  
Economic Considerations

Economic considerations all but dominate recent historical writing in this country about the railroads of Mexico. Technical matters of construction and operation, as well as the role of the state in both, are touched upon, but economic interpretation, whether of the development of a railway system or of its impact on the nation, is the watchword if not catchword of most writing. Probably the leading example of the dominant approach is Growth against Development: The Economic Impact of Railroads in Porfirian Mexico (Northern Illinois University Press, 1981), by John H. Coatsworth, in which the author concludes that, while “the short run contribution of railroads to economic growth was large,” their longrun impact helped “to create the underdeveloped country Mexico has become.” Applying economic theory and measuring, Coatsworth in essence proves with numbers a case argued more elegantly in straight prose early in this century: that the application of a modern transportation network to a staple producing economy will do little more than extend and intensify the production system so as to increase the staple output.

The Role of Entrepreneurial Performance in Supporting Economic Development of Countries: An Empirical Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Diana Rusu ◽  
Angela Roman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Entrepreneurial Performance ◽  
Panel Data Estimation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Future Economic Development

Abstract Entrepreneurship is recognized as one of the factors stimulating economic growth and increasing economic competitiveness. In addition, the Europe 2020 Strategy has focused its attention on entrepreneurship as a key factor of economic growth, social progress, and employment. In this context, our study examines the role of entrepreneurial performance for sustaining the development of countries, focusing on a sample of European countries. We attempt to reveal if increasing entrepreneurial performance would have significant influence on improving the economic position of countries and their future economic development. Starting from the OECD-Eurostat Entrepreneurship Indicators Programme we use a set of entrepreneurial performance indicators as independent variables and examine to what extent they can influence competitiveness and economic growth, seen as dependent variables of the models. We focus on a period of 10 years (2008–2017) and we apply panel-data estimation techniques. Because the period considered includes the period of the last international financial crisis, we also include in our analysis a dummy variable. Our results emphasize that the changes in entrepreneurial performance play a significant role in enhancing national competitiveness and economic growth. Our findings contribute to the expansion of literature in the field by providing evidence on the correlation of indicators that measure entrepreneurial performance with national competitiveness and economic growth. Moreover, our findings point out the need of the policy makers to adopt measures and policies that help and stimulate entrepreneurs to become more performant because they can generate positive effects to the economy as a whole.

The cultural dividend: a hidden source of economic growth in emerging countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaomin Li ◽  
Seung Ho Park ◽  
David Duden Selover
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Productivity Gains

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop the theoretical linkage between culture and economic growth and empirically test the relationship by measuring culture and how it affects labor productivity. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a cross-section study of developing countries and regresses economic productivity growth on a set of control variables and cultural factors. Findings It is found that three cultural factors, economic attitudes, political attitudes, and attitudes towards the family, affect economic productivity growth. Originality/value Many economists ignore culture as a factor in economic growth, either because they discount the value of culture or because they have no simple way to quantify culture, resulting in the role of culture being under-researched. The study is the first to extensively examine the role of culture in productivity growth using large-scale data sources. The authors show that culture plays an important role in productivity gains across countries, contributing to the study of the effects of culture on economic development, and that culture can be empirically measured and linked to an activity that directly affects the economic growth – labor productivity.

scholarly journals The Cross Roads of Heritage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Philippa Dalgety
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Adaptive Reuse ◽  
Built Form ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
The Town

<p>This research explores an approach for adaptive reuse to enhance livability and greater connection to place within provincial towns of New Zealand. There are existing buildings which are often left in disrepair or considered too expensive to refurbish or strengthen. They are often demolished with little consideration to the building’s significance, therefore adaptive reuse has become a missed opportunity in New Zealand.  Many of our provincial cities have uninhabited large-scale buildings, which need upgrading due to being outdated and no longer fit for purpose. Seismic upgrading is a key factor in why these buildings are left uninhabited. One of the urban areas which this is prevalent is Whanganui. Whanganui has the opportunity to blend the old and the new built form to create a revitalized and timeless street appearance.   The regeneration of Whanganui can be achieved through adaptive reuse to enhance the crafted beauty of the town through its architecture. The revitalization of Whanganui can give guidance to other provincial cities in New Zealand while enhancing the quality of life within the town.  An in-depth analysis of the history of Whanganui, will allow for heritage significance to play a major role in the redesign. This design will be developed at three different scales to demonstrate how the built form can enhance connection to place and livability. These scales are at an urban, a built and a detailed scale.   The main cross roads linking the city of Whanganui to its river is surrounded by character and historical buildings. It will be used as a key area illustrating Whanganui’s past to better inform the future.</p>

scholarly journals PERANAN HUKUM DALAM PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI DI BIDANG TENAGA KERJA DI TENGAH PENERAPAN PEMBATASAN SOSIAL BERSKALA BESAR (PSBB) DI INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fransiskus Ravellino
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pandemic Virus ◽  
Social Restriction ◽  
The Law

At the beginning of the year 2020 , Indonesia is experiencing a new phenomenon of is not fed, the phenomenon of pandemic covid-19 .Up to january 2021 , there is at least 808.000 covid-19 people infected with the virus , as many as 667.000 of them they cured and 23.753 soul that have died .The speed of the transmission of the virus coupled with the community apply protocol disiplinan is typical of the health make pandemic virus covid-19 it is difficult to overcome and forcing the administration to apply large scale social restrictions (PSBB) and this might impact on the economic growth of indonesia one of them is many unemployment due to reduced the company capacity to maintain labor that is .This research aims to review and give feedback about the role of the law into economic development especially in in the field of labor in the middle of this large-scale social restriction (PSBB) in the middle of this pandemic.

Role of Entrepreneurship in Boosting Economic Growth and Employment in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Kumar ◽  
Tilak Raj
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Balanced Growth ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The People ◽  
Employment Generation

Entrepreneurship is the engine of economic growth of a country. It increases the economic activities in every sphere of economic life of the people. The main objective of the present study is to examine the role of entrepreneurship in the economic growth of a country. An attempt has also been made to provide an overview of employment and unemployment in India. The present study concludes that entrepreneurship in India is a key contributor in the area of employment generation, innovations and product improvement. Not only does it create self-employment but it has also built a structure for large-scale employment opportunities. It contributes to the economic growth of a country by promoting capital formation, increasing per capita income, improving the standard of living and balanced growth by removing regional disparities.

Success Illgotten? The Role of Meiji Militarism in Japan's Technological Progress

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozo Yamamura
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Foreign Technology ◽  
Meiji Japan ◽  
The Government

This study suggests that the militaristic orientation of the Meiji government and the wars fought against China and Russia contributed significantly to technological development in Meiji Japan (1868–1911). The roles played by the arsenals and the government-owned shipyards and factories in adopting and disseminating foreign technology are described to demonstrate their importance in the rapid Meiji industrialization. The article suggests that it is necessary to reexamine the view, primarily based on macro-economic analysis, that Meiji militarism was basically detrimental to economic growth in Japan.

Ethnic-sectoral cleavages and economic development: reflections on the second Kenya debate

2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Vandenberg
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Ethnic Business ◽  
Rural Business ◽  
Narrow Focus

The second Kenya debate has prompted a close examination of the role of an ethnic business community – Indians/Asians – in the country's industrial development. While this community does own up to three-quarters of the country's medium and large-scale manufacturing firms, a narrow focus on manufacturing understates the contribution which Africans have made to the economy. A progressive rural business class is more likely to re-invest in profitable farming activities and to branch out into agro-processing, transport and trading than to undertake risky investments in urban manufacturing. As a result, historical ethnic-sectoral cleavages will tend to be reinforced. The article provides new calculations on the extent of African involvement in manufacturing, and reviews an ancillary literature which uses institutional and socio-economic analysis to understand differences in Kenya's business communities.

scholarly journals Visualizing Sustainability Research in Business and Management (1990–2019) and Emerging Topics: A Large-Scale Bibliometric Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong Jia ◽  
Liyuan Wei ◽  
Xiaotong Li
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Sustainability Research ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Clear Shift ◽  
Business And Management

While researchers from many disciplines are increasingly interested in studying issues related to sustainability, few studies have presented a holistic view of sustainability from the perspectives of business and management. This bibliometric study quantitatively analyzed a big data set of 30 years of sustainability research (1990–2019), consisting of 37,322 publications and 1,199,398 cited references, visualizing major topics, dynamic evolution, and emerging development. The decade-by-decade in-depth analysis shows a clear shift from a nearly exclusive focus on economic growth and consumption to all three pillars of sustainability, i.e., economic growth, social development, and environmental protection. Highlighting the differences between United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals and the popular research topics from academia, our analysis uncovers research gaps and suggests future research directions for sustainability researchers and practitioners.

scholarly journals Derailment or Turning Point? The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sustainability-Related Thinking

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5506
Author(s):  
Zoltán Lakner ◽  
Brigitta Plasek ◽  
Anna Kiss ◽  
Sándor Soós ◽  
Ágoston Temesi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
English Language ◽  
English Language Journal ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Academic Publications ◽  
Future Of Education ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
New Situation

A pandemic has always been a milestone, forcing intellectuals to reassess the directions of development at their time. This fact has generated vivid debates about the possible reactions to the new situation, highlighting the vulnerability of current socio-economic structures as well as the need to reconsider the current way of development. The new challenge has created an unprecedented increase in academic publications. The aim of the current paper is to analyze the socio-economic aspects of the growing interest in the sustainability-related facets of the pandemic. Based on English language journal articles (n = 1326), collected on the Web of Science website, the authors analyze the different aspects of COVID-related discussions connected to sustainability. Applying the triangulation approach, the publications have been classified on the basis of their intellectual roots, co-occurrence of different words and strategic diagramming. Results highlight that, notwithstanding the remarkable number of papers, there is a strong need for the in-depth analysis of the long-term consequences in the fields of (1) health logistics and policy; (2) the future of education and work, based on experience and evidence; (3) the re-thinking of the resilience of large-scale supply systems; (4) global governance of world affairs, (5) the role of distant teaching, telecommunication, telework, telehealth, teleservices.

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