Memory Function as a Criterion of Hygienic Donosological Diagnostics of Mental States of Professional Agrarian Lyceum Students

Is “mind” universal to all neural creatures or is it unique to homo sapien, whose talent for language greatly enlarges his/ her ability to recall and enunciate past experience. Philosophers have wrestled with the concept of “mind” but have not delineated whether it emanates from body or spirit. Physicists have called on quantum mechanics to provide an explanatory rationale for mental states. Unfortunately, one cannot employ the metrics of physics to formulate emotions. Computer scientists aspire to emulate the workings of the brain with binary coded algorithms. Though capable of programing a memory function in robots, they too have been hampered by an inability to encode emotions. Upon consideration, “emotions” and “memory” must be integral to the cognitive process implied by “mind”. We biochemists review two proposed processes for the formation and recall of memory. The popular neurological concept is based on “synaptic plasticity”, the ability of neurons to scupt their shape and thereby modulate their signaling functions. It suggests that morphologic and functional modifications of the synapse follow a learning experience, recalled as memory. An alternate biochemical tripartite mechanism is based on interactions of neurons with their surrounding extracellular matrix (nECM) and dopants (metal cations and neurotransmitters (NTs)). Such a chemodynamic process seems physiologically credible in that it involves materials available to the neuron. It invokes a chemical code comprising metalcentered complexes representing cognitive units of information (cuinfo); with emotive states elicited and encoded by neurotransmitters (NTs). The neural chemical code, which evolved from primitive signaling modes of bacteria and slime mold, retained the identical signaling molecules, though augmented with additional neuropeptides. The evolved neurons became organized into ever more complex neural nets instigated a new dimension (phase) of metabolic energy, a mental state characterized by emotive memory, manifest in homo sapien as language and “mind”.

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Memory, Emotions, Language & Mind

Journal of Psychology and Neuroscience ◽

10.47485/2693-2490.1031 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Process ◽

Learning Experience ◽

Memory Function ◽

Mental States ◽

Neural Nets ◽

Metabolic Energy ◽

Computer Scientists ◽

The Brain ◽

Chemical Code ◽

Surrounding Extracellular Matrix

Is “mind” universal to all neural creatures or is it unique to homo sapien, whose talent for language greatly enlarges his/her ability to recall and enunciate past experience. Philosophers have wrestled with the concept of “mind” but have not delineated whether it emanates from body or spirit. Physicists have called on quantum mechanics to provide an explanatory rationale for mental states. Unfortunately, one cannot employ the metrics of physics to formulate emotions. Computer scientists aspire to emulate the workings of the brain with binary coded algorithms. Though capable of programing a memory function in robots, they too have been hampered by an inability to encode emotions. Upon consideration, “emotions” and “memory” must be integral to the cognitive process implied by “mind”. We biochemists review two proposed processes for the formation and recall of memory. The popular neurological concept is based on “synaptic plasticity”, the ability of neurons to scupt their shape and thereby modulate their signaling functions. It suggests that morphologic and functional modifications of the synapse follow a learning experience, recalled as memory. An alternate biochemical tripartite mechanism is based on interactions of neurons with their surrounding extracellular matrix (nECM) and dopants (metal cations and neurotransmitters (NTs)). Such a chemodynamic process seems physiologically credible in that it involves materials available to the neuron. It invokes a chemical code comprising metal-centered complexes representing cognitive units of information (cuinfo); with emotive states elicited and encoded by neurotransmitters (NTs). The neural chemical code, which evolved from primitive signaling modes of bacteria and slime mold, retained the identical signaling molecules, though augmented with additional neuropeptides. The evolved neurons became organized into ever more complex neural nets instigated a new dimension (phase) of metabolic energy, a mental state characterized by emotive memory, manifest in homo sapien as language and “mind”.

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Continuous VA deficiency during postnatal development decreases rat learning and memory function via excitatory Ca2+neuron

Cell Biology International ◽

10.1042/cbi034s018a ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 34 (8) ◽

pp. S18-S18

Author(s):

Wei Jiang ◽

Enyi Wen ◽

Min Gong ◽

Yang Bi ◽

Xiaojuan Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postnatal Development ◽

Learning And Memory ◽

Memory Function

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Folate and vitamin B-12 deficiencies additively impaired memory function and disturbed the gut microbiota in amyloid-β infused rats

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000624 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sunmin Park ◽

Sunna Kang ◽

Da Sol Kim

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Insulin Signaling ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Memory Function ◽

Amyloid Β ◽

Impaired Memory ◽

Ca1 Region ◽

Folate And Vitamin B12

Abstract. Folate and vitamin B12(V-B12) deficiencies are associated with metabolic diseases that may impair memory function. We hypothesized that folate and V-B12 may differently alter mild cognitive impairment, glucose metabolism, and inflammation by modulating the gut microbiome in rats with Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like dementia. The hypothesis was examined in hippocampal amyloid-β infused rats, and its mechanism was explored. Rats that received an amyloid-β(25–35) infusion into the CA1 region of the hippocampus were fed either control(2.5 mg folate plus 25 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-CON, n = 10), no folate(0 folate plus 25 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-FA, n = 10), no V-B12(2.5 mg folate plus 0 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-V-B12, n = 10), or no folate plus no V-B12(0 mg folate plus 0 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-FAB12, n = 10) in high-fat diets for 8 weeks. AD-FA and AD-VB12 exacerbated bone mineral loss in the lumbar spine and femur whereas AD-FA lowered lean body mass in the hip compared to AD-CON(P < 0.05). Only AD-FAB12 exacerbated memory impairment by 1.3 and 1.4 folds, respectively, as measured by passive avoidance and water maze tests, compared to AD-CON(P < 0.01). Hippocampal insulin signaling and neuroinflammation were attenuated in AD-CON compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-FAB12 impaired the signaling (pAkt→pGSK-3β) and serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels the most among all groups. AD-CON decreased glucose tolerance by increasing insulin resistance compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-VB12 and AD-FAB12 increased insulin resistance by 1.2 and 1.3 folds, respectively, compared to the AD-CON. AD-CON and Non-AD-CON had a separate communities of gut microbiota. The relative counts of Bacteroidia were lower and those of Clostridia were higher in AD-CON than Non-AD-CON. AD-FA, but not V-B12, separated the gut microbiome community compared to AD-CON and AD-VB12(P = 0.009). In conclusion, folate and B-12 deficiencies impaired memory function by impairing hippocampal insulin signaling and gut microbiota in AD rats.

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Impact of Comorbid Depression on Serial Position Effects in Alzheimer’s Disease

GeroPsych ◽

10.1024/1662-9647/a000115 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 161-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nienke A. Hofrichter ◽

Sandra Dick ◽

Thomas G. Riemer ◽

Carsten Schleussner ◽

Monique Goerke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Serial Position ◽

Episodic Memory ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Memory Function ◽

Word List ◽

Position Effects ◽

Serial Position Effects ◽

List Memory

Hippocampal dysfunction and deficits in episodic memory have been reported for both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Primacy performance has been associated with hippocampus-dependent episodic memory, while recency may reflect working memory performance. In this study, serial position profiles were examined in a total of 73 patients with MDD, AD, both AD and MDD, and healthy controls (HC) by means of CERAD-NP word list memory. Primacy performance was most impaired in AD with comorbid MDD, followed by AD, MDD, and HC. Recency performance, on the other hand, was comparable across groups. These findings indicate that primacy in AD is impaired in the presence of comorbid MDD, suggesting additive performance decrements in this specific episodic memory function.

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When Mother Earth Rises Up

Social Psychology ◽

10.1027/1864-9335/a000112 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 271-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Simona Sacchi ◽

Paolo Riva ◽

Marco Brambilla

Keyword(s):

Free Will ◽

Natural Disasters ◽

Natural Disaster ◽

Mental States ◽

Disaster Victims ◽

Willingness To Help ◽

Mother Earth

Anthropomorphization is the tendency to ascribe humanlike features and mental states, such as free will and consciousness, to nonhuman beings or inanimate agents. Two studies investigated the consequences of the anthropomorphization of nature on people’s willingness to help victims of natural disasters. Study 1 (N = 96) showed that the humanization of nature correlated negatively with willingness to help natural disaster victims. Study 2 (N = 52) tested for causality, showing that the anthropomorphization of nature reduced participants’ intentions to help the victims. Overall, our findings suggest that humanizing nature undermines the tendency to support victims of natural disasters.

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