Memory, Emotions, Language & Mind

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Neural Nets ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Computer Scientists ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Chemical Code ◽  
Surrounding Extracellular Matrix

Is “mind” universal to all neural creatures or is it unique to homo sapien, whose talent for language greatly enlarges his/her ability to recall and enunciate past experience. Philosophers have wrestled with the concept of “mind” but have not delineated whether it emanates from body or spirit. Physicists have called on quantum mechanics to provide an explanatory rationale for mental states. Unfortunately, one cannot employ the metrics of physics to formulate emotions. Computer scientists aspire to emulate the workings of the brain with binary coded algorithms. Though capable of programing a memory function in robots, they too have been hampered by an inability to encode emotions. Upon consideration, “emotions” and “memory” must be integral to the cognitive process implied by “mind”. We biochemists review two proposed processes for the formation and recall of memory. The popular neurological concept is based on “synaptic plasticity”, the ability of neurons to scupt their shape and thereby modulate their signaling functions. It suggests that morphologic and functional modifications of the synapse follow a learning experience, recalled as memory. An alternate biochemical tripartite mechanism is based on interactions of neurons with their surrounding extracellular matrix (nECM) and dopants (metal cations and neurotransmitters (NTs)). Such a chemodynamic process seems physiologically credible in that it involves materials available to the neuron. It invokes a chemical code comprising metal-centered complexes representing cognitive units of information (cuinfo); with emotive states elicited and encoded by neurotransmitters (NTs). The neural chemical code, which evolved from primitive signaling modes of bacteria and slime mold, retained the identical signaling molecules, though augmented with additional neuropeptides. The evolved neurons became organized into ever more complex neural nets instigated a new dimension (phase) of metabolic energy, a mental state characterized by emotive memory, manifest in homo sapien as language and “mind”.

scholarly journals Memory, Emotions, Language & Mind

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Neural Nets ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Computer Scientists ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Chemical Code ◽  
Surrounding Extracellular Matrix

Is “mind” universal to all neural creatures or is it unique to homo sapien, whose talent for language greatly enlarges his/ her ability to recall and enunciate past experience. Philosophers have wrestled with the concept of “mind” but have not delineated whether it emanates from body or spirit. Physicists have called on quantum mechanics to provide an explanatory rationale for mental states. Unfortunately, one cannot employ the metrics of physics to formulate emotions. Computer scientists aspire to emulate the workings of the brain with binary coded algorithms. Though capable of programing a memory function in robots, they too have been hampered by an inability to encode emotions. Upon consideration, “emotions” and “memory” must be integral to the cognitive process implied by “mind”. We biochemists review two proposed processes for the formation and recall of memory. The popular neurological concept is based on “synaptic plasticity”, the ability of neurons to scupt their shape and thereby modulate their signaling functions. It suggests that morphologic and functional modifications of the synapse follow a learning experience, recalled as memory. An alternate biochemical tripartite mechanism is based on interactions of neurons with their surrounding extracellular matrix (nECM) and dopants (metal cations and neurotransmitters (NTs)). Such a chemodynamic process seems physiologically credible in that it involves materials available to the neuron. It invokes a chemical code comprising metalcentered complexes representing cognitive units of information (cuinfo); with emotive states elicited and encoded by neurotransmitters (NTs). The neural chemical code, which evolved from primitive signaling modes of bacteria and slime mold, retained the identical signaling molecules, though augmented with additional neuropeptides. The evolved neurons became organized into ever more complex neural nets instigated a new dimension (phase) of metabolic energy, a mental state characterized by emotive memory, manifest in homo sapien as language and “mind”.

scholarly journals Harmonic Brain Modes: A Unifying Framework for Linking Space and Time in Brain Dynamics

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selen Atasoy ◽  
Gustavo Deco ◽  
Morten L. Kringelbach ◽  
Joel Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Brain Dynamics ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Brain

A fundamental characteristic of spontaneous brain activity is coherent oscillations covering a wide range of frequencies. Interestingly, these temporal oscillations are highly correlated among spatially distributed cortical areas forming structured correlation patterns known as the resting state networks, although the brain is never truly at “rest.” Here, we introduce the concept of harmonic brain modes—fundamental building blocks of complex spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity. We define these elementary harmonic brain modes as harmonic modes of structural connectivity; that is, connectome harmonics, yielding fully synchronous neural activity patterns with different frequency oscillations emerging on and constrained by the particular structure of the brain. Hence, this particular definition implicitly links the hitherto poorly understood dimensions of space and time in brain dynamics and its underlying anatomy. Further we show how harmonic brain modes can explain the relationship between neurophysiological, temporal, and network-level changes in the brain across different mental states ( wakefulness, sleep, anesthesia, psychedelic). Notably, when decoded as activation of connectome harmonics, spatial and temporal characteristics of neural activity naturally emerge from the interplay between excitation and inhibition and this critical relation fits the spatial, temporal, and neurophysiological changes associated with different mental states. Thus, the introduced framework of harmonic brain modes not only establishes a relation between the spatial structure of correlation patterns and temporal oscillations (linking space and time in brain dynamics), but also enables a new dimension of tools for understanding fundamental principles underlying brain dynamics in different states of consciousness.

scholarly journals II. Experimental researches on the temperature of the head

1878 ◽  
Vol 27 (185-189) ◽  
pp. 166-177 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
The Brain

The present communication forms an abstract of the first portion of a series of investigations having the following primary objects in view:— 1st. To find out, as far as possible, the normal relative temperatures of different portions of the surface of the head, when the brain is comparatively inactive. 2nd. To study the effect of different mental states upon the different portions of the surface of the head previously examined in the condition of comparative cerebral inactivity.

scholarly journals A novel technique for fence-post tube placement in glioma using the robot-guided frameless neuronavigation technique under exoscope surgery: patient series

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (24) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Needle Insertion ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Puncture Needle ◽  
Surgery Patient ◽  
Fence Post ◽  
The Brain

BACKGROUND Robotic technology is increasingly used in neurosurgery. The authors reported a new technique for fence-post tube placement using robot-guided frameless stereotaxic technology with neuronavigation in patients with glioma. OBSERVATIONS Surgery was performed using the StealthStation S8 linked to the Stealth Autoguide cranial robotic guidance platform and a high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) surgical microscope. A surgical plan was created to determine the removal area using fence-post tube placement at the tumor and normal brain tissue boundary. Using this surgical plan, the robotic system allowed quick and accurate fence-post tube positioning, automatic alignment of the needle insertion and measurement positions in the brain, and quick and accurate puncture needle insertion into the brain tumor. Use of a ventricular drainage tube for the outer needle cylinder allowed placement of the puncture needle in a single operation. Furthermore, use of a high-resolution 3D exoscope allowed the surgeon to simultaneously view the surgical field image and the navigation screen with minimal line-of-sight movement, which improved operative safety. The position memory function of the 3D exoscope allowed easy switching between the exoscope and the microscope and optimal field of view adjustment. LESSONS Fence-post tube placement using robot-guided frameless stereotaxic technology, neuronavigation, and an exoscope allows precise glioma resection.

scholarly journals Ecstasy from a physiological point of view

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 74-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaj Björkqvist
Keyword(s):  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Study ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Psychosomatic Diseases ◽  
The Brain

The biological study of man is one of today's most rapidly advancing sciences. There is no reason for not utilizing these methodologies of research and the knowledge already gained when studying ecstasy and other similar religious phenomena. Drugs have been used in all parts of the world as an ecstasy technique. Since mental states and physiological correlates always accompany each other, it is obvious that the human mind can be affected by external means, for instance by drugs. But the opposite is also true; mental changes affect the body, as they do in the case of psychosomatic diseases. Ecstasy is often described as an extremely joyful experience; this pleasure must necessarily also have a physiological basis. It is of course too early to say anything for certain, but the discovery of pleasure centres in the brain might offer an explanation. It is not far-fetched to suggest that when a person experiences euphoric ecstasy, it might, in some way or other, be connected with a cerebral pleasure center. Can it be, for example, that religious ecstasy is attained only by some mechanism triggering off changes in the balance of the transmitter substances? Or is it reached only via a change in the hormonal balance, or only by a slowing down of the brain waves, or is a pleasure centre activated? When a person is using an ecstasy technique, he usually does so within a religious tradition. When he reaches an experience, a traditional interpretation of it already exists.

scholarly journals Measuring the brain-gut axis in Psychological Sciences: a necessary challenge

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael Palacios-Garcia ◽  
Francisco J. Parada
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
4E Cognition ◽  
The Brain

Cognitive process and associated states such as wellbeing are embodied, in a process of phylogenetic and ontogenic interdependencies, encompassing an organism’s both internal and external environments. Diurnal mammals’ physiology has been enslaved by the day/night cycle, imposed to planet Earth from the cosmos. Mammals’ physiology is furthermore entangled to the micro-dynamics of small organisms, imposed onto the body through the development of a symbiotic relationship unfolding throughout ontogeny and phylogeny. Therefore, adequate scientific study of human behavior will include as many levels as possible: socio-cultural, psychological, microbiological, etc. The brain-gut-microbiota topic represents a fascinating opportunity to expand our knowledge about cognition, mental health, and life in general. It is important to frame this research topic from multiple perspectives including biological/medical sciences, public policy, architecture, urbanism, and psychology. Furthermore, recent philosophical and epistemological advances, under the 4E-cognition framework, will help the integration of evidence, providing new insights and novel hypotheses.

Recognition of true and false states of the brain by means of the electroencephalogram wavelet analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Pertsov ◽  
E.A. Yumatov ◽  
N.A. Karatygin ◽  
E.N. Dudnik ◽  
A.E. Khramov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Continuous Wavelet Transform ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Continuous Wavelet ◽  
Wavelet Energy ◽  
True State ◽  
The Brain

It is a well-known fact that mental activity of the brain can be presented by two different states, i.e., the true state and the false state. A promising method of the electroencephalogram (EEG) wavelet transform has been developed over recent years. Using this method, we evaluated the principle possibility for direct objective registration of mental activity in the human brain. Previously we developed and described (published) a new experimental model and software for recognizing the true and false mental responses of a person with the EEG wavelet transform. The developed experimental model and software-and-data support allowed us to compare (by EEG parameters) two mental states of brain activity, one of which is the false state, while another is the true state. The goal of this study is to develop an absolutely new information technology for recognizing the true and false states in mental activity of the brain by means of the EEG wavelet transform. Our study showed that the true and false states of the brain can be distinguished using the method of continuous wavelet transform and calculation of the EEG wavelet energy. It was revealed that the main differences between truthful and false mental responses are observed in the delta and alpha ranges of the EEG. In the EEG delta rhythm, the wavelet energy is much higher under conditions of the false response as compared to that in the true response. In the EEG alpha rhythm, the wavelet energy is significantly higher with the true answer than in the false one. These data open a new principal possibility of revealing the true and false mental state of the brain by means of continuous wavelet transform and calculation of the EEG wavelet energy.

The Excitable Mitochondria

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Up ◽  
Neural Nets ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Brain Implants ◽  
Mitochondrial Networks ◽  
The Brain

Without a CAD model of the brain, we will never be able to develop the advanced brain implants we will want. But instead of scaling up neural nets, John Hewitt argues, we need to begin with the mitochondrial networks that drove neuronal evolution.

Psycho-Cognitive Model of Knowledge Creation Theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunday Bolade
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Sensory Organs ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Brain

Humans perform activities collaboratively or individually, and these activities, more often than not, involve both physical and mental processes. However, irrespective of whether individual or collective functioning, knowledge creation is a personal experience. Nevertheless, the general tenet of this paper is that knowledge is created in a human’s mind and resides in the head. Hence, it posits that knowledge creation is cognitive (associated with the neurological structures of the brain) and psychological (involving consciousness)—a psycho-cognitive process. This study thus employs a “Cognaction” mechanism that is based on the assumptions captured below. The mechanism premised that the human cognitive chamber consists of 3C modes of comprehension (for interpreting stimuli transmitted to the brain by sensory organs), contextualisation (for mindful connecting of chunks to existing schemas), and conceptualisation (for evaluative reflection in a manner that leads to drawing inference and building themes or new concepts). It demonstrates that as diverse skill sets are applied to a task, they generate varieties of effects and outcomes. The outcomes though are distinctive and at the same time are cospecialised. Thus, the psycho-cognitive perspective demonstrates knowledge creation as a cocreation process and sees knowledge as a mix of cocreated, cognitive structures. In view of these, the study provides the missing explanation on how the knowledge archetypes emerged. And it provides the missing link between the belief that “knowledge is created in the head” and knowledge creation theory.

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