Ethnocentrism in Edward Zwick’s The Last Samurai Movie: Postcolonial Perspective

This research focuses on ethnocentrism in Edward Zwick’s The Last Samurai. It is intended to identify how ethnocentrism is depicted and reflected in the life of samurai in the movie The Last Samurai. The ethnocentrism theory by William G. Sumner will be used to analyze the movie. The data were obtained by watching the film, reading the movie script and cinematographic elements, identifying data based on the topic of study, and categorizing the data with respect to the theoretical framework. Based on the analysis, the findings show that there are three aspects of ethnocentrism; first, loyal to in-group norms; second, express in-group pride; third, judge and underestimate the out-group. These three features of ethnocentrism create a deep perception in their dominant culture to others.

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Preference Falsification Revisited: How Psychological Science Can Offer Insight into Motivated Belief Misrepresentation and Collective Misunderstanding

10.31234/osf.io/b2xkp ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jacob Elder ◽

Yrian Derreumaux;Derreumaux ◽

Brent Hughes

Keyword(s):

Social Dynamics ◽

Theoretical Framework ◽

Political Polarization ◽

Social Connections ◽

Future Research ◽

Group Norms ◽

Political Climate ◽

Psychological Science ◽

The Face ◽

Insight Into

Throughout life, people sometimes lie to curry favor or mitigate disharmony with others, a tendency that may be exacerbated under moments of elevated tension. This phenomenon is captured by the economic theoretical framework of Preference Falsification, which describes why people misrepresent their beliefs in the face of social pressures, and how misrepresentation accumulates to broader misunderstandings that can fuel political polarization. We describe why the current political climate may foster motivations to misrepresent beliefs, as individuals are increasingly siloed into like-minded communities with strong pressures to conform to group norms. Next, we adopt a psychological lens to understand and integrate three motivations that underlie individual misrepresentation – relating to an individual’s intrinsic preference, their reputational concern, and their desire for expression – and describe how individual acts of misrepresentation can propagate across social connections to establish misrepresented beliefs as public consensus. Finally, we outline inroads for examining Preference Falsification using psychological methods that may be uniquely suited to elucidate the different social dynamics and issues that elicit this behavior, with the goal of spurring future research. Ultimately, we argue that fostering a more ideologically pluralistic and socially interconnected society may offer one route to reducing misrepresentation and collective misunderstanding, and thereby attenuate polarization and intergroup antipathy.

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Ascertaining the Discursive Construction of the Cosmopolitan Identity: An Analysis of Bharati Mukherjee’s Jasmine

International Journal of English Linguistics ◽

10.5539/ijel.v9n5p392 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 392

Author(s):

Zia Ullah ◽

Wajid Hussain ◽

Anayat Ullah

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Joint Venture ◽

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

Theoretical Framework ◽

Bharati Mukherjee ◽

Boundary Crossing ◽

Discursive Construction ◽

Dominant Culture ◽

Fundamental Knowledge ◽

Geographical Boundary

This paper anatomizes Bharati Mukherjee’s Jasmine in the perspective of cultural assimilation and determines the extent of establishing cosmopolitan identity through discourse. The researcher uses the theoretical framework propounded by Appiah to examine the contribution and representation of literary globalization in the making of ‘universal citizen’ whose cultural and geographical boundary crossing results into the formation of post-modern fluid identities. Methodologically, this qualitative content analysis uses the joint venture of Appiah’s concept of cosmopolitanism and Fairclough’s notion of naturalization focusing on three scenarios which specify an acceptance of differences, accentuation of differences, and attempt to resolve the differences. The analysis reflects that boundary crossing by the immigrants has formed fluidity and has given exponential boost to the idea of harmony and coexistence. It also reveals that this transformation of identity owes to the discourse of the dominant culture which reshapes fundamental knowledge and values for the individuals of minorities. However, it also signifies that postmodern cosmopolitan fluidity continues to thrive.

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Mind wandering as data augmentation: How mental travel supports abstraction

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x1900311x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Author(s):

Myrthe Faber

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Data Augmentation ◽

Mental Content ◽

Mind Wandering ◽

Theoretical Framework ◽

Important Addition

Abstract Gilead et al. state that abstraction supports mental travel, and that mental travel critically relies on abstraction. I propose an important addition to this theoretical framework, namely that mental travel might also support abstraction. Specifically, I argue that spontaneous mental travel (mind wandering), much like data augmentation in machine learning, provides variability in mental content and context necessary for abstraction.

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Working Hard to Achieve Self-Defining Group Goals: A Social Identity Analysis

Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie ◽

10.1024//0044-3514.31.4.191 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 191-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Kelly S. Fielding ◽

Michael A. Hogg

Keyword(s):

Social Identity ◽

Group Identification ◽

Group Norms ◽

Identity Threat ◽

Traditional Research ◽

Identity Model ◽

Group Goals ◽

And Performance ◽

Substantial Effort

Summary: A social identity model of effort exertion in groups is presented. In contrast to most traditional research on productivity and performance motivation, the model is assumed to apply to groups of all sizes and nature, and to all membership contingent norms that specify group behaviors and goals. It is proposed that group identification renders behavior group-normative and encourages people to behave in line with group norms. The effect should be strengthened among people who most need consensual identity validation from fellow members, and in intergroup contexts where there is inescapable identity threat from an outgroup. Together these processes should encourage people to exert substantial effort on behalf of their group.

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Adaptive and Maladaptive Neural Plasticity Due to Facial Nerve Palsy

Zeitschrift für Psychologie ◽

10.1027/2151-2604/a000244 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 224 (2) ◽

pp. 102-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carsten M. Klingner ◽

Stefan Brodoehl ◽

Gerd F. Volk ◽

Orlando Guntinas-Lichius ◽

Otto W. Witte

Keyword(s):

Facial Nerve ◽

Neural Plasticity ◽

Cortical Plasticity ◽

Brain Plasticity ◽

Motor Nerve ◽

Predictive Coding ◽

Theoretical Framework ◽

Cortical Reorganization ◽

Nerve Lesion ◽

Peripheral Facial Palsy

Abstract. This paper reviews adaptive and maladaptive mechanisms of cortical plasticity in patients suffering from peripheral facial palsy. As the peripheral facial nerve is a pure motor nerve, a facial nerve lesion is causing an exclusive deefferentation without deafferentation. We focus on the question of how the investigation of pure deefferentation adds to our current understanding of brain plasticity which derives from studies on learning and studies on brain lesions. The importance of efference and afference as drivers for cortical plasticity is discussed in addition to the crossmodal influence of different competitive sensory inputs. We make the attempt to integrate the experimental findings of the effects of pure deefferentation within the theoretical framework of cortical responses and predictive coding. We show that the available experimental data can be explained within this theoretical framework which also clarifies the necessity for maladaptive plasticity. Finally, we propose rehabilitation approaches for directing cortical reorganization in the appropriate direction and highlight some challenging questions that are yet unexplored in the field.

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