scholarly journals Human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis co-infection in Saudi Arabia

2002 ◽  
Vol 08 (06) ◽  
pp. 749-753
Author(s):  
A. A. Alrajhi ◽  
A. Nematallah ◽  
S. Abdulwahab ◽  
Z. Bukhary
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
First Line ◽  
Patient History ◽  
Hiv Seroprevalence ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Treatment Type ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of

Our study determined the rate of screening tuberculosis patients for HIV co-infection and the HIV seroprevalence among them. We retrospectively reviewed medical charts of 437 patients diagnosed with tuberculosis from 1995-2000 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Screening was done for 178 [41%] patients: 2 [1.1%] of these were found to be HIV positive. Prior to screening, 4 patients were already known to be HIV positive. Males were screened more often than females [45% and 36% respectively]. All HIV positive patients were males. Screening was not affected by origin of the patient, history of prior tuberculosis or treatment, type of tuberculosis involvement or resistance to first line anti-tuberculosis agents. In Saudi Arabia, screening for HIV in tuberculosis patients remains underutilized. Among screened patients, seropositivity was low.

Pneumocystis carinii infection in bilateral aural polyps in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient

2002 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. Praveen ◽  
R. M. Terry ◽  
M. Elmahallawy ◽  
C. Horsfield
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Positive Patient ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii Infection

Pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic infection found in patients with impaired immunity. Under favourable conditions the parasite can spread via the blood stream or lymphatic vessels and cause extrapulmonary dissemination. We report a case of P carinii infection presenting as bilateral aural polyps, otitis media and mastoiditis in human immunodeficiency (HIV)-positive patient with no history of prior or concomitant P carinii infection.

scholarly journals Reversible Thrombocytopenia after Gabapentin in an HIV-Positive Patient

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Mohammed Basith ◽  
Andrew Francis ◽  
Alfredo Bellon
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Inpatient Psychiatric Care ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Us ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Severe Anxiety

Gabapentin has become increasingly used in psychiatric practice specifically for anxiety disorders. Even though gabapentin is not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat anxiety, physicians sometimes use it as an alternative to benzodiazepines in patients with a history of substance abuse. Gabapentin is also prescribed when individuals are at risk of thrombocytopenia which is not considered a side effect. Among patients at risk of thrombocytopenia are those positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Here we present a case of an HIV-positive man who presented for inpatient psychiatric care with severe anxiety and a history of alcohol and benzodiazepine abuse. In this patient, gabapentin worsened thrombocytopenia after repeated exposure to this medication. We suggest caution when considering gabapentin for patients with preexisting low platelet counts, as there seems to be a risk for worsening thrombocytopenia with this antiepileptic in the presence of HIV infection.

scholarly journals Disparities in CD4+ T-Lymphocyte Monitoring Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Medicaid Beneficiaries: Evidence of Differential Treatment at the Point of Care

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna C. Davis ◽  
Greg Watson ◽  
Nadereh Pourat ◽  
Gerald F. Kominski ◽  
Dylan H. Roby
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Fee For Service ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medicaid Beneficiaries ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Abstract Background.  Monitoring of immune function, measured by CD4+ T-lymphocyte (CD4) cell count, is an essential service for people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Prescription of antiretroviral (ARV) medications is contingent on CD4 cell count; patients without regular CD4 monitoring are unlikely to receive ARVs when indicated. This study assesses disparities in CD4 monitoring among HIV-positive Medicaid beneficiaries. Methods.  In this retrospective observational study, we examined 24 months of administrative data on 2250 HIV-positive, continuously enrolled, fee-for-service, Medicaid beneficiaries with at least 2 outpatient healthcare encounters. We used logistic regression to evaluate the association of patient demographics (age, gender, race or ethnicity, and language) with receipt of at least 1 CD4 test per year, controlling for other potentially confounding variables. Results.  Having a history of ARV therapy was positively associated with receipt of CD4 tests. We found racial or ethnic, gender, and age disparities in CD4 testing. Among individuals with a history of ARV use, all racial or ethnic groups were significantly less likely to have CD4 tests than White non-Latinos (African Americans, odds ratio [OR] = 0.35, P < .0001; Asian or Pacific Islanders, OR = 0.31, P = .0047; and Latinos, OR = 0.42, P < .0001). Conclusions.  We identified disparities in receipt of CD4 tests, a finding that may elucidate one potential pathway for previously reported disparities in ARV treatment. Further qualitative and quantitative research is needed to identify the specific factors that account for these disparities, so that appropriate interventions can be implemented.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Adolescents: The First 50 Patients in a New York City Program

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Futterman ◽  
Karen Hein ◽  
Nancy Reuben ◽  
Ralph Dell ◽  
Nathan Shaffer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
New York City ◽  
High Risk ◽  
York City ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Survival Sex ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv Negative

To address the unique manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among adolescents aged 13 through 21 years, a comprehensive evaluation and treatment program for high-risk and HIV-positive adolescents was developed in New York City in 1987. Among HIV-infected youth, mean age of testing was 18.2 years. One third of the HIV-positive patients were female and four fifths were African-American or Hispanic. No significant differences were found between HIV-positive (n = 50) and HIV-negative (n = 43) patients for age at first intercourse, injecting or other illicit drug use, history of sexually transmitted diseases, or survival sex (exchange of sex for money or drugs). HIV-positive males were more likely than HIV-negative males to have engaged in anal intercourse and to report a history of sexual abuse. Among infected females, 82% acquired HIV through heterosexual intercourse. Almost half (48%) of HIV-positive adolescents had significant immune dysfunction at the time of their initial visit (CD4 <500/mm3) and were eligible for zidovudine. Many HIV-positive adolescents continued high-risk behaviors such as intercourse without condoms, particularly those with ongoing dependence on drugs or alcohol. With the epidemic of HIV infection increasing nationwide among adolescents, specialized, comprehensive programs are needed to counsel and treat HIV-infected adolescents and youth in high-risk situations.

scholarly journals Ocular Presentations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Patients undergoing highly- active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) Therapy in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdul Rehman Akram
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
One Year

Purpose: To detect the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) related ocular manifestations in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and duration of study: A one-year retrospective study was conducted in Ophthalmology Clinic of East Jeddah Hospital in the western region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, during 2016-2017 Material and methods A one-year retrospective study was conducted in the Ophthalmology Clinic of East Jeddah Hospital in the western region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, during 2016-2017. 47 referrals of HIV-positive patient data were collected from the Infectious Diseases Department by taking history, clinical examinations and, laboratory investigations. The ophthalmological examination included adnexal examination, bestcorrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior and posterior segment examination, B-scan and, MRI. Results Out of 47 referred patients from the In and Out-patient Departments in East Jeddah Hospital, patients presented as follows: Single patient cases of retinal necrosis, anterior uveitis and neovascular glaucoma, with pterygium,sixth nerve palsy, bacterial conjunctivitis and, adenoviral conjunctivitis. Two cases presented with HIV microangiopathy, blepharitis, cortical blindness after brain abscess, herpes infection, Kaposi sarcoma and, cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. Three patients presented with tuberculosis meningitis, and six with dry eyes. Eight patients presented with cataracts, and ten with refractive errors. Conclusions Ocular manifestations of HIV infection are relatively infrequent.HAART treatment is responsible for decreasing the HIV-related complications in ophthalmology. The CD4 T-lymphocyte result can be used to predict the beginning of certain eye infections in HIV-positive patients. Hidden indicators of complications of AIDS in patients confirm the strong rationale for alternating visits with those to an ophthalmologist and professionals discussing the best treatment accordingly. Keywords: Ocular, HIV, AIDS, HAART

Lipid Profile in HIV Infected Children Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Kavita J. Lall ◽  
Dr. Omesh Khurana ◽  
Dr. Ranjit S Ambad
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Low Density ◽  
First Line ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

This study reviewed the lipid profile of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients in relation to use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Lipid profile is becoming one of the common problems in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. Data on lipid profile derangements induced by antiretroviral treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the lipid profile abnormalities in HIV infected children receiving ART. Material and Method - Information on sex, age, specific ART type in use , ART start date, duration of treatment, duration of HIV infection, BMI, relevant signs and symptoms and medications if any were collected by trained nurses using structured questionnaires and patients medical record. Blood Sample Collection, Transport and Processing - Following a standard and safety collection procedure, about 5 ml fasting venous blood was taken from the patients and the control groups by clinical nurses and senior laboratory technologist. Fasting serum samples were analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), High Density Lipoprotein- Cholesterol (HDL-c). Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) was determined by Friedewald Equation (13).   Result and conclusion - There was statistically significant difference between the two groups for TC, TG, TC/HDL-c ratio and TG/HDL –c ratio. On the basis of our study we concluded that the level of TG, TC, HDL-c and VLDL-c is high in HIV positive populations receiving first line ART (group I) as compared to ART naïve (group II). Considering that these altered lipid profiles can be an independent risk factors for coronary artery diseases and myocardial infarction, treatment with first-line ART may actually have potential risks for cardiovascular health of HIV positive people receiving ART.

scholarly journals Human Herpes Virus-8-Associated Multicentric Castleman's Disease in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Patient with a Previous History of Kaposi's Sarcoma

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan Huang ◽  
Gavin Low
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Castleman’S Disease ◽  
Positive Patient ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Human Herpes ◽  
Human Herpes Virus 8 ◽  
Human Herpes Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of

Human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8)–associated Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare non-cancerous B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. We report a case of HHV-8–associated CD in an HIV-positive patient with a previous history of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). The patient presented with progressive splenomegaly and diffuse lymphadenopathy, which can be seen in multicentric CD, KS, and HIV-associated lymphoma. There are no reliable clinical or imaging features to differentiate these diseases. Lymph node biopsy confirmed HHV-8–associated CD and excluded KS and lymphoma. Due to differences in treatment options and prognosis between the three etiologies, it is important for radiologists to include HHV-8–associated CD in the differential diagnosis when encountering HIV-positive patients that present with diffuse lymphadenopathy.

Transmission of HIV-Associated Tuberculosis to Healthcare Workers

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Di Perri ◽  
GianPietro Cadeo ◽  
Francesco Castelli ◽  
Rocco Micciolo ◽  
Sergio Bassetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Retrospective Investigation ◽  
Hiv Negative

AbstractObjective:A retrospective investigation was made to compare the occupational risk of tuberculosis in personnel assisting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and uninfected subjects with active tuberculosis.Design:We retrospectively reviewed 6 years of hospital activity in 3 units where HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis are hospitalized and in 2 units where non-HIV-infected tuberculosis patients are hospitalized. The risk of occupational tuberculosis in healthcare workers who assisted HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis was investigated.Participants:The risk of occupational tuberculosis in healthcare workers was studied by considering the numbers of potential source cases (hospitalized patients with tuberculosis) in the two conditions investigated (HIV-positive and HIV-negative). Both potential source cases and cases of tuberculosis in healthcare workers had to be microbiologically proven in order to be considered..Results:Seven cases of tuberculosis occurred in persons who cared for 85 HIV-infected subjects with tuberculosis, while only 2 cases occurred in staff members who took care of 1,079 HIV-negative tuberculosis patients over the same period (relative risk=44.4; 95% confidence interval = 8.5-438).Conclusions:Tuberculosis seems no longer to be a neglectable risk in healthcare workers assisting patients with HIV infection. Further study is urgently needed to see whether such unexpectedly high dissemination of tuberculosis also is demonstrable in the community.

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