scholarly journals Stegomyia indices of Aedes aquatic stages in El Geneina town, Western Sudan

Author(s):  
Hamid Abdul Kareem Hamid ◽  
Hiba Hussein Musa ◽  
Adla Gassim Ahmed ◽  
Tayseer Ali Abdul Azeez ◽  
Asma Hamza Adam ◽  
...  

Background: Darfur in Western Sudan has the most volatile camps of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and has experienced several outbreaks of dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever. Aims: To determine the prevalence and Stegomyia indices of Aedes aquatic stages in El Geneina town, Western Darfur. Methods: Cross-sectional entomological surveys of immature stages of Aedes were carried out during August–November 2019 in 4 sites with IDP camps and a residential area with no camp. Results: We searched 17 730 houses, IDP camps and buildings of governmental corporations for Aedes larvae, and 6809 (38.4%) were positive for Aedes aquatic stages. Both Aedes aegypti and Aedes vittatus larvae were found. However, A. aegypti constituted > 90% of the larvae. Six positive water containers were recorded: tyres, clay pots, barrels, plastic water tanks, flower vases and old cars: 26% of 92 tyres contained Aedes larvae compared to 23.8% of 21 old cars and 17.1% of 44 198 clay pots. This suggested that clay pots were the main source of Aedes. The results showed high infestation of El Geneina town with Aedes immature stages in all study sites including public buildings and residential areas with no IDP camps. Stegomyia indices varied among study sites, and were more elevated in sites with IDP camps. For all sites, House index = 38.40, Container Index = 11.40, Breateu index = 13.60 and Pupa Index = 27. Conclusion: Multisectoral response coupled with community participation are urgently needed to reduce the burden of Aedes-borne diseases in the unstable El Geneina town.

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Shezina Sultan Ali ◽  
Ejaz Ahmad Khan ◽  
Mudassar Mushtaq ◽  
Mujib Ur Rahman

BACKGROUND: Immunization is an important and cost effective public health tool for controlling Vaccine Preventable Diseases (VPDs) among children. Developing countries have low level of immunization coverages. This is further compromised during armed conflicts and disasters with displacement of vulnerable populations leading to VPDs outbreaks. Tribal areas of Pakistan have been subjected to armed conflict for a long time with massive population displacement. METHODS: We conducted a cross sectional survey to assess the vaccination status of child under five of the Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) of North Waziristan Agency (NWA) of Pakistan. We used a structured questionnaire to collect information from the caregivers in the IDP camp of Bannu, Khyber Pakhtukhwa. RESULTS: Overall immunization coverage was very low. Out of 480 children under 5 years, less than one-third (30.6%) were vaccinated against BCG, about a quarter (27.7%) had received the Pentavalent and measles vaccines. However, OPV coverage was excellent mostly amid to polio mass campaigns. CONCLUSION: Routine immunization coverage among the IDPs of North Waziristan agency in Pakistan is extremely poor. There is a need to improve the coverage to optimum level to avert any potential VPD outbreaks.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-274
Author(s):  
Izaddin Ahmad Aziz ◽  
Murat Yıldırım

Aim In general, conflict has many adverse effects on individuals’ lives. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between psychological trait resilience and forgiveness among internally displaced persons (IDPs). Method The sample consisted of 244 IDPs (111 males and 133 females) who have been exposed to various stressful situations. Age of participants ranged between 18 and 60 years (M = 32.63 years, SD = 8.18). Psychological Trait Resilience Scale and Enright Forgiveness Inventory were used through a cross-sectional study to collect data. Results The results showed that IDPs reported low levels of resilience and forgiveness. The results also indicated that ecological resilience was positively related with emotional, behavioral, and cognitive forgiveness, while engineering resilience was positively related with emotional and cognitive forgiveness. Adaptive resilience was found to be positively related with emotional forgiveness. Regression analysis indicated that ecological resilience uniquely predicted emotional, behavioral, and cognitive forgiveness after controlling for demographic characteristics. Conclusion These results suggest that higher levels of resilience are important for forgiveness among IDPs. Interventions aiming to enhance IDPs’ forgiveness should account for psychological trait resilience.


Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdelkrim Adam Abdelmalik ◽  
Abdalbasit Adam Mariod ◽  
Mohamed Adam Beraima ◽  
Hammad Ali Fadlalmola ◽  
Eltagi Elsadeg Sulliman Rahama ◽  
...  

Background: The lacking healthcare system services in conflict areas and the emergence of infection with a pandemic of coronavirus disease may exacerbate the humanitarian crisis among the camp residents in the central Dafur region of Sudan. Adequate knowledge and practices are vital to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the knowledge and practice regarding COVID-19 among internally displaced persons in Sudan. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected through an online survey using a self-administered questionnaire. Convenience sampling method was used for the internally displaced persons in two camps of Zalingei town, central Darfur region, Sudan. Results: In total, 143 participants responded; 75 (52.4%) of them were female, while 68 (47.6%) were male; 49 (34.3%) were between the age of 50 and 60 years; 78 (54.5%) were formally uneducated; 126 (88.1%) did not have a chronic disease; and 56 (39.2%) knew about COVID-19 from their relatives and friends. The overall mean of participants’ knowledge toward COVID-19 was 3.68 (SD ± 0.60(, denoting good with a rate of 73.6% and that of the practice was 2.65 (SD ±1.08), denoting moderate with a rate of 53%. A positive correlation was seen between knowledge and practice (r = 0.700, p < 0.000). Statistically significant differences were observed between the mean score of knowledge and practice with age, education, and information sources (p < 0.0001). While graduates showed a higher knowledge (116.29, p = 0.000), secondary respondents showed a higher practice (115.04, p = 0.000) than others. Conclusion: This study suggests educational intervention and awareness programs for uneducated and older people.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Naeema Akbar ◽  
Asif Hanif ◽  
Muhammad Amir gilani Gilani ◽  
Samina Yasmin

  Background: scabies is endemic in most of the mountainous areas of Pakistan, the crowded and unhygienic conditions in IDP (Internally Displaced Persons) camps immediately after the earthquake was the ideal environment for a full blown outbreak of epidemic proportions. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess Knowledge of scabies among the women of a rural community at Lahore. Methodology: Descriptive cross sectional study design was conducted to assess the Knowledge of scabies among the women and a sample size of n=75 participants were selected for this study through convenient sampling. Data was collected from the women at Gajjumatta community Lahore. Result: The main findings were as following. 93.3% of the participants knew that scratching effect causes to Scabies, 73.3% had knowledge that Skin is the main affected organ involved in scabies and 86.7% had knowledge that itching at night and feeling heat is the main sign of scabies Conclusion: The purpose of this study was to assess Knowledge of scabies among women at Gajumatta in Lahore. Overall result shows a good knowledge among women of Gajumatta community. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 7, Issue-1: 30-37


2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Erickson ◽  
Shira M Goldenberg ◽  
Monica Akello ◽  
Godfrey Muzaaya ◽  
Paul Nguyen ◽  
...  

BackgroundWhile female sex workers (FSWs) face a high burden of violence and criminalisation, coupled with low access to safe, non-coercive care, little is known about such experiences among FSWs in conflict-affected settings, particularly as they relate to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and rights. We explored factors associated with lifetime abortions among FSWs in northern Uganda; and separately modelled the independent effect of lifetime exposures to incarceration and living in internally displaced persons (IDP) camps on coerced and unsafe abortions.MethodsAnalyses are based on a community-based cross-sectional research project in Gulu District, northern Uganda (2011–2012) with The AIDS Support Organization (TASO) Gulu, FSWs, and other community organisations. We conducted questionnaires, sex worker/community-led outreach to sex work venues, and voluntary HIV testing by TASO.ResultsOf 400 FSWs, 62 had ever accessed an abortion. In a multivariable model, gendered violence, both childhood mistreatment/or abuse at home [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.96; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.99–3.90] and workplace violence by clients (AOR 3.57; 95% CI 1.31–9.72) were linked to increased experiences of abortion. Lifetime exposure to incarceration retained an independent effect on increased odds of coerced abortion (AOR 5.16; 95% CI 1.39–19.11), and living in IDP camps was positively associated with unsafe abortion (AOR 4.71; 95% CI 1.42–15.61).Discussion and conclusionsThese results suggest a critical need for removal of legal and social barriers to realising the SRH rights of all women, and ensuring safe, voluntary access to reproductive choice for marginalised and criminalised populations of FSWs.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Nisreen M Ibrahim ◽  
Nawar Sahib Khalil ◽  
Ruqaya Subhi Tawfeeq

Background: With the steady increase in the number of old age people, the prevalence of chronic diseases, and the health expenditures, the importance of preventing malnutrition is becoming more critical than ever. This study aimed to assess malnutrition among the internally- displaced old age people in Iraq. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between November 2016 and March 2017 at the Dream city camp for the internally - displaced persons in Tikrit city, Iraq. Data was collected using the valid (Arabic) version of the mini - nutritional assessment (MNA) questionnaire. The internally displaced persons (IDPs) interviewed, and the nutritional status assessed via the MNA, body mass index (BMI), mid-arm circumferences (MAC) and calf circumferences (CC) measures. Results: A total of 142 eligible old age persons, of which 40.2% were malnourished, and 35.2% were at risk of malnutrition. Among those with malnutrition, 40% were males, and 60% were females. Concerning comorbidity, 80% with positive malnutrition, had chronic diseases. DM reported a higher prevalence (46.5%) compared to other chronic diseases. Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition was high among the old age people resident at the displacement camp in Iraq. Both the deteriorating security situation and the lack of proper services have combined to exacerbate the nutritional status of older persons in displacement camps.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
Victor Chidi Onyencho ◽  
Sadique Kwajaffa Pindar ◽  
Abdu Wakawa Ibrahim ◽  
Anthony Ali Mshelia ◽  
Said Mohammed Jidda ◽  
...  

Displacement as a result of conflict or insurgency creates a permanent scar on the survivor with physical, psychological and social sequels; however personal factors play a significant role. Therefore, this study investigated personal factors as predictors of psychological distress among internally displaced persons in Maiduguri, Nigeria. In this cross-sectional study of survey type, the multi-stage sampling techniques were employed, and cluster sampling techniques were used to select two Internally Displaced Persons’ (IDPs) camps. Two hundred and one IDPs residing in the camps were selected using purposive sampling techniques. Their age ranged between 18 and 65 years (M = 37.2; SD = 1.6). The results of Multiple Regression analysis showed that personality traits and a demographic factor (sex) jointly predicted psychological distress among IDPs. The variables jointly accounted for 22% variation R2 = .215 on psychological distress.  Regarding the individual contribution, neuroticism ß = .166; t = 2.34; p .05, conscientiousness ß = -.233; t = -3.36; p .05, openness to experience ß = -.169; t = -2.45; p .05 and sex ß = -.352; t = 5.17; p .05 made a significant prediction on IDPs psychological disturbances. The findings of this study revealed that the personal characteristics of an individual had a predictive influence on psychological distress among IDPs in Maiduguri, Nigeria.


BMJ ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 332 (7537) ◽  
pp. 334-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Nishikiori ◽  
Tomoko Abe ◽  
Dehiwala G M Costa ◽  
Samath D Dharmaratne ◽  
Osamu Kunii ◽  
...  

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