COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TONOMETRY METHODS

2021 ◽  
Vol Special issue (3) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Azamat Yusupov ◽  
◽  
Muyassar Khamitovna Karimova ◽  
Mastona Zakirkhodzhayeva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Optic Nerve Atrophy ◽  
Glaucoma Diagnostics

The principles of glaucoma diagnostics are based on the triad of symptoms -the excess of IOP over the tolerant level, changes in the visual field, primarily in the Bjerrum zone, and also on glaucomatous excavation of the optic nerve head. It should be recognized that the IOP level is the only proven risk factor for the progression of glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy and, at the same time, the only factor that we can influence. That is why the determination of IOP is of great importance in diagnosis and is the basis for evaluating the effectiveness of glaucoma treatment.Keywords: IOP (intraocular pressure), tonometry, glaucoma, primary open-angle glaucoma, glaucomatous optic neuropathy, tonometer, pneumotonometer

Clinical Profile of Myopic Patients as a Risk Factor for Primary Open Angle Glaucoma - A Prospective Observational Study in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (33) ◽  
pp. 3084-3089
Author(s):  
Ram Kumar Jaiswal ◽  
Ramyash Singh Yadav ◽  
Mridula Ranjan ◽  
Dipti Wahi ◽  
Chiranji Rai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Open Angle

BACKGROUND Myopia is a complex trait including both genetic and environmental factors as well as gene-environment interactions. It has been recognized as a risk factor for development of glaucoma. Both Myopia and raised IOP are known to increase mechanical stress at optic nerve head leading to glaucomatous nerve damage. This study intends to evaluate the clinical profile of myopic subjects and its correlation with Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS A prospective observational study done from November 2019 to December 2020 after taking proper informed consent and ethical clearance. 164 eyes of 96 patients studied were divided into three groups, Group 1: low myopia (< -3.00D), Group 2: moderate myopia (-3.00 D to -5.75 D), Group 3: high myopia (≥ -6.00 D). A complete ocular examination was performed. Intraocular pressure was measured using Goldmann applanation tonometer. Visual field analysis using Humphrey automated perimetry was done in patients with suspected primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Angle parameters and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). RESULTS 164 eyes of 96 Myopic subjects were studied with no dropout during study period. Mean age was 46.05 yr. (range: 25-75 yr.). The refraction ranged from -0.50 DS to -17.00 DS. There was no statistically significant difference between Intraocular pressure (IOP), Central corneal thickness (CCT), corrected IOP and Nasal and Temporal Trabecular-iris Angle (TIA) between male and female of same age group. Mean IOP and mean CCT were found to vary significantly with age and with higher degree of myopia. Corrected IOP, Nasal and Temporal TIA increase significantly with higher degree of myopia. Cup-disc ratio (CDR) was found to be significantly higher in patients with moderate to high degree of Myopia. CONCLUSIONS Myopia is an important risk factor for development of primary open angle glaucoma, with its incidence increasing in patients with moderate to high myopia. KEYWORDS Myopia, Primary Open Angle Glaucoma, Intraocular Pressure, Central Corneal Thickness, Trabecular Iris Angle

Intraocular pressure as a risk factor for visual field loss in pseudoexfoliative and in primary open-angle glaucoma

Ophthalmology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 105 (12) ◽  
pp. 2225-2230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A Teus ◽  
Miguel A Castejón ◽  
Miguel A Calvo ◽  
Patricia Pérez—Salaı́ces ◽  
Ana Marcos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Visual Field Loss ◽  
Open Angle

scholarly journals Evaluation of the contribution of matrix metalloproteinase gene polymorphism to the formation of glaucoma in men (analysis of three-locus gene models)

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-49
Author(s):  
Д.И. Свинарева
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Is Research ◽  
The Matrix

Первичная открытоугольная глаукома (ПОУГ) - это хроническое заболевание глаз, сопровождающееся повышением внутриглазного давления и характерными изменениями поля зрения. Мужской пол является фактором риска развития глаукомы. Целью исследования явилось изучение роли трехлокусных моделей с участием 8 полиморфных локусов генов матриксных металлопротеиназ (rs679620 ММР3, rs1799750 ММР1, rs2250889, rs3918249, rs17576, rs3918249, rs3787268 и rs17577 ММР9) в формировании ПОУГ у мужчин. Нами выявлено 7 трехлокусных моделей SNP×SNP взаимодействий, определяющих подверженность к развитию ПОУГ у мужчин. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a chronic eye disease accompanied by an increase in intraocular pressure and specific changes in the visual field. Male gender is a risk factor for glaucoma. The aim of the study is research the role of three-locus models with the participation of 8 polymorphic loci of the matrix metalloproteinases genes (rs679620 MMP3, rs1799750 MMP1, rs2250889, rs3918249, rs17576, rs3918889 and rs17577 MMP9) in the POAG formation among men. We have identified 7 three-locus models of SNP × SNP interactions that determine susceptibility to the development of POAG in men.

Adduction-Induced Strain on the Optic Nerve in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma at Normal Intraocular Pressure

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Robert A. Clark ◽  
Soh Youn Suh ◽  
Joseph Caprioli ◽  
JoAnn A. Giaconi ◽  
Kouros Nouri-Mahdavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle

scholarly journals Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and Vascular Risk Factors: A Review of Population Based Studies from 1990 to 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Grzybowski ◽  
Mariusz Och ◽  
Piotr Kanclerz ◽  
Christopher Leffler ◽  
Carlos Gustavo De Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Vascular Risk

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, and as the proportion of those over age 40 increases, so will the prevalence of glaucoma. The pathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is unclear and multiple ocular risk factors have been proposed, including intraocular pressure, ocular perfusion pressure, ocular blood flow, myopia, central corneal thickness, and optic disc hemorrhages. The purpose of this review was to analyze the association between systemic vascular risk factors (including hypertension, diabetes, age, and migraine) and POAG, based on major epidemiological studies. Reports presenting the association between POAG and systemic vascular risk factors included a total of over 50,000 patients. Several epidemiological studies confirmed the importance of vascular risk factors, particularly hypertension and blood pressure dipping, in the pathogenesis and progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. We found that diabetes mellitus is associated with elevated intraocular pressure, but has no clear association with POAG. No significant correlation between migraine and POAG was found, however, the definition of migraine varied between studies.

scholarly journals Microcystic Changes in the Retinal Internal Nuclear Layer Associated with Optic Atrophy: A Prospective Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Wolff ◽  
Georges Azar ◽  
Vivien Vasseur ◽  
José-Alain Sahel ◽  
Catherine Vignal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Retinal Images ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Optic Nerve Atrophy ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
A Prospective Study

Purpose. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of pathologies presenting retinal inner nuclear layer (RINL) microcystic perimacular changes associated with optic nerve atrophy (OA). The charts of patients presenting a significant defect of the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) were included prospectively in this study. Patients were classified according to the etiology of the RNFL defect. Two hundred and one eyes of 138 patients were enrolled in this analysis. Retinal images obtained showed the typical hyporeflective perifoveal crescent-shaped lesion composed of small round hyporeflective microcysts confined to the RINL in 35.3% of the eyes. Those findings were found in 75% of eyes presenting hereditary OA, 50% of eyes presenting ischemic optic neuritis, 50% of eyes with drusen of the optic nerve (ON), 44.4% of eyes presenting a compressive OA, 32% of eyes presenting inflammatory optic neuropathy from multiple sclerosis, 18.5% of eyes presenting OA from undetermined origin, and 17.6% of eyes having primary open-angle glaucoma. This study demonstrates that microcystic changes in RINL are not specific to a disease but are found in OA of various etiologies. Moreover, their incidence was found to be dependent upon the cause of OA, with the highest incidence occurring in genetic OA.

scholarly journals Functional dichotomy: glutathione and vitamin E in homeostasis relevant to primary open-angle glaucoma

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 809-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Veach
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Trabecular Meshwork ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Vitamin Deficiency ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Apoptosis Induction ◽  
Optic Nerve Atrophy

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a complex chronic neurological disease that can result in blindness. The goal of understanding the aetiology of POAG is to be able to target effective treatment to individuals who will eventually go blind without it. Epidemiological studies of POAG have not specifically addressed the possibility that nutrition may play a role in the development of POAG. A handful of papers have considered that nutrition may have an impact on POAG patients. POAG is not believed to be a ‘vitamin-deficiency disease’. The concept of ‘vitamin-deficiency diseases’ and the recommended daily allowances have not kept pace with the growing understanding of the cellular and molecular functions of vitamins and other micronutrients. The aetiology of POAG remains a mystery. Discoveries in cell physiology can be assimilated from the literature and applied to known homeostatic mechanisms of the eye. In this way the possible roles of nutritional components involved in the aetiology of POAG can be described. The mechanisms may be subject to many influences in ways that have yet to be defined. Two distinct changes in the trabecular meshwork can be identified: trabecular meshwork changes that cause intra-ocular pressure to increase and trabecular meshwork changes that are directly correlated to optic nerve atrophy. Compelling evidence suggests that collagen trabecular meshwork extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling is correlated to increased intraocular pressure in POAG. Elastin trabecular meshwork ECM remodelling is correlated to POAG optic nerve atrophy. There appear to be two different pathways of ECM remodelling and apoptosis induction in POAG. The pathway for collagen remodelling and apoptosis induction seems to be exogenously influenced by water-soluble antioxidants, for example, glutathione. The pathway for elastin remodelling and apoptosis induction seems to be influenced by endogenous lipid-soluble antioxidants, for example, vitamin E. Roles can be defined for antioxidants in the two different pathways of ECM remodelling and apoptosis induction. This suggests that antioxidants are important in maintaining cellular homeostasis relevant to the aetiology of POAG.

Sensory Stimulation for Lowering Intraocular Pressure, Improving Blood Flow to the Optic Nerve and Neuroprotection in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Rom
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Treatment Protocols

Primary open-angle glaucoma is a group of optic neuropathies that can lead to irreversible blindness. Sensory stimulation in the form of acupuncture or ear acupressure may contribute to protecting patients from blindness when used as a complementary method to orthodox treatment in the form of drops, laser or surgery. The objective of this article is to provide a narrative overview of the available literature up to July 2012. It summarises reported evidence on the potential beneficial effects of sensory stimulation for glaucoma. Sensory stimulation appears to significantly enhance the pressure-lowering effect of orthodox treatments. Studies suggest that it may also improve blood flow to the eye and optic nerve head. Furthermore, it may play a role in neuroprotection through regulating nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor and their receptors, thereby encouraging the survival pathway in contrast to the pathway to apoptosis. Blood flow and neuroprotection are areas that are not directly influenced by orthodox treatment modalities. Numerous different treatment protocols were used to investigate the effect of sensory stimulation on intraocular pressure, blood flow or neuroprotection of the retina and optic nerve in the animal model and human pilot studies. Objective outcomes were reported to have been evaluated with Goldmann tonometry, Doppler ultrasound techniques and electrophysiology (pattern electroretinography, visually evoked potentials), and supported with histological studies in the animal model. Taken together, reported evidence from these studies strongly suggests that sensory stimulation is worthy of further research.

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