scholarly journals Alat Monitoring Infus Set pada Pasien Rawat Inap Berbasis Mikrokontroler ATmega 8535

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
DECY NATALIANA ◽  
NANDANG TARYANA ◽  
EGI RIANDITA
Keyword(s):  
Noise Level ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Infrared Sensors ◽  
Voltage Drops ◽  
Digital Comparator ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Voltage Signal ◽  
Data Processor ◽  
Infusion Fluid

ABSTRAKMetode yang digunakan untuk mengetahui volume cairan Infus adalah dengan cara mendeteksi tetesan yang berada pada chamber Infus. Tetesan dideteksi oleh sensor cahaya yaitu LED infra merah dan photodioda. Sinyal tegangan dari sensor dikondisikan dengan IC komparator LM339 . Mikrokontroler ATmega 8535 digunakan sebagai pengolah data  I/O dari komparator sehingga informasi dari parameter  yang dimonitor dapat ditampilkan pada LED dan LCD serta bunyi buzzer. Tegangan keluaran sensor infra merah saat mendeteksi tetesan adalah sebesar 1,02 V sedangkan saat tidak mendeteksi tetesan tegangan keluaran sebesar 180 mV. Parameter yang dapat dideteksi dari alat ini diantaranya jumlah tetesan per menit dengan maksimal jumlah tetes / menit yang dideteksi sebesar 255 tetes, peringatan bila tetesan tidak terdeteksi selama 10 detik dan peringatan bila cairan Infus akan habis (± 50 ml). Suara yang dihasilkan buzzer masih terdengar jelas dan tidak berbahaya bagi pendengaran perawat berdasarkan nilai ambang batas tingkat kebisingan meskipun keadaan di ruangan perawat dalam kondisi ramai.Kata kunci: Infus set, intravena, photodioda, infra merah, mikrokontroler ATmega 8535, Infus. ABSTRACTThe method used to know the volume of Infusion fluid is detecting droplets that are on Infusion chamber. The droplets are detected by the light sensors is infrared LED and  photodiode. The voltage signal from the sensor is conditioned by the digital comparator IC LM339. ATmega microcontroller 8535 is used as a data processor of the comparator output so that information from the monitored parameters can be displayed on the LCD and LED and buzzer flame. The output voltage when infrared sensors detect a drop is 1.02 V, while sensor does not detect a drop the output voltage drops is 180 mV. Parameters that can be detected from these tool include the number of drops per minute with a maximum number of drops / min was detected at 255 drops, a warning when the droplets are not detected for 10 seconds and a warning when Infuse fluids will run out (± 50 ml). Buzzer’s sound still clearly audible and not dangerous for nurse’s hearing based on noise level threshold value though the situation in the nurse’s room in crowded conditions.Keywords: Infusion sets, intravenous, photodioda, infra red, microcontroller, Infusion.

scholarly journals Inter-Stage Output Voltage Amplitude Improvement Circuit Integrated with Class-B Transmit Voltage Amplifier for Mobile Ultrasound Machines

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiheum You ◽  
Hojong Choi
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducer ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducers ◽  
Voltage Amplitude ◽  
Voltage Amplifier ◽  
Class B ◽  
Voltage Signal ◽  
Limited Power ◽  
Limited Power Supply

Piezoelectric transducers are triggered by the output voltage signal of a transmit voltage amplifier (TVA). In mobile ultrasound instruments, the sensitivity of piezoelectric transducers is a critical parameter under limited power supply from portable batteries. Therefore, the enhancement of the output voltage amplitude of the amplifier under limited power supply could increase the sensitivity of the piezoelectric transducer. Several-stage TVAs are used to increase the voltage amplitude. However, inter-stage design issues between each TVA block may reduce the voltage amplitude and bandwidth because the electronic components of the amplifier are nonlinearly operated at the desired frequency ranges. To compensate for this effect, we propose a novel inter-stage output voltage amplitude improvement (OVAI) circuit integrated with a class-B TVA circuit. We performed fundamental A-mode pulse-echo tests using a 15-MHz immersion-type piezoelectric transducer to verify the design. The echo amplitude and bandwidth when using an inter-stage OVAI circuit integrated with a class-B TVA circuit (696 mVPP and 29.91%, respectively) were higher than those obtained when using only the class-B TVA circuit (576 mVPP and 24.21%, respectively). Therefore, the proposed OVAI circuit could be beneficial for increasing the output amplitude of the class-B TVA circuit for mobile ultrasound machines.

scholarly journals Perbaikan Tingkat Kebisingan pada Ruang Produksi Yessy’s Collection dengan Pendekatan Ergonomi

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afgan Suffan Aviv ◽  
Bambang Suhardi ◽  
Pringgo Widyo Laksono
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Level Measurement ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Physical Work Environment ◽  
Level Meter ◽  
Physical Environmental Factors

<p><em>Implementation of ergonomics is generally a design or redesign. One of them may include the design of the physical work environment. Ergonomic work environment conditions are provide comfort and security for workers. Physical environmental factors that can affect the comfort and safety of noise level.  A good physical work environment will increase work capability or labor productivity. In a work environment, workload assessment can also be carried out to measure worker conformity and comfort. Workload assessment is carried out simultaneously with measurement of noise level . </em></p><p><em>Whose problematic noise, the industry is located in Tawangsari RT 03 RW 34 Mojosongo, Jebres, Surakarta named Yessy's Collection. Measurement of noise level to improve worker comfort, so that productivity increases. The methode used is measurement using 4 in 1 Environment on sound level meter function illustrated with Software Surfer 11.</em></p><em> The noise level measurement results are below the specified threshold value except at 1 coordinate in swabing station (stasiun penyesekan),that is  at above threshold value. To proposed improvements as noise control is engineering control, administrative control and use of PPE</em>

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of Single Switch Transformer Less DC-DC Converter with Universal Input Voltage for Fuel Cell based Vehicles

2021 ◽  
pp. 1262-1272
Author(s):  
R. Birundha ◽  
Dr. P. Maruthapandi
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Voltage Gain ◽  
Voltage Drops ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Output Characteristics

A new single switch solar powered high gain step-up DC-DC converter is proposed for plug-in hybrid battery charger in Electric vehicle (EV). The proposed topology utilizes a L2C3D2network to obtain high voltage gain and reduce the voltage stress on the power switch. Additionally, the proposed converter has a universal input voltage in order to suit the soft output characteristics of the fuel cell. The fuel cell has a relatively low output voltage and high current, and it has soft output characteristics as its output voltage drops as the output current increases. Therefore, the fuel cell cannot be directly interfaced to the dc-link bus (400V) of the inverter inside the EV. This dc-dc converter has a universal input voltage feature with wide voltage gain range to suit the soft output characteristics of the fuel cell. Additionally, this dc-dc converter has to have low input current ripple to prolong the life time of the fuel /solar cell, and a common ground between its input and output ports to avoid additional EMI and maintenance safety problem. This control strategy is modelled and simulated using MATLAB -Simulink. A proto type experimental has been fabricated and tested. The experimental analysis was done and the results are in line with the simulation results.

scholarly journals Advanced Fast Large Current Electronic Breaker Using Integration of Surge Current Suppression and Current Divider Sensing Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hsiung-Cheng Lin ◽  
Heng-Chuan Zo ◽  
Bo-Rong He
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Negative Temperature ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Load Current ◽  
Large Current ◽  
Ac Power ◽  
Voltage Signal ◽  
Current Divider ◽  
Surge Current

Electronic breakers or fuses are most widely used tools to protect the electric-driven facilities from overload or short circuit. However, they may suffer from two major drawbacks: (1) it normally takes more than 0.1 s to react, resulting in facilities not sufficiently protected, and (2) a higher rating size of breakers or fuses is demanded than expected due to lack of a surge current suppression mechanism. To overcome these problems, this paper proposes a fast large current electronic breaker based on the integration of current divider sensing and surge suppressing methods. The load surge current can be effectively suppressed by series negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistors. The load current is then divided into a small portion and converted to a voltage signal for amplification and comparison with the predefined threshold value, i.e., the maximum load tolerance current. AC power will be disconnected immediately by the switching circuit once the load current exceeds the tolerance value. The disconnection of power supply will continue for a period of time set by the timer. The experimental results verify that the proposed electronic breaker can provide a large load current protection up to 20 A under effective surge suppression within 10 ms.

Indoor Localization of Flying Robot by Means of Infrared Sensors

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Iwakura ◽  
◽  
Kenzo Nonami
Keyword(s):  
Particle Filter ◽  
Autonomous Navigation ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Infrared Sensors ◽  
Processing Power ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Ir Sensors ◽  
Localization Performance ◽  
Flying Robot

Autonomous navigation of flying robots in GPSdenied environments such as indoors requires that the flying robot be able to recognize the environment using external sensors. Laser scanners and computer vision are mainly used for indoor mapping and localization in studies on indoor flight. However, such systems require higher payload capacity and processing power for the sensors. In this study, we develop a lightweight flying robot for achieving indoor autonomous flight using four infrared (IR) sensors. As the first stage of this study, we present a localization technique that involves the use of a particle filter. Two problems exist in our system. First, it is difficult to use IR sensors close to a wall, because doing so would yield faulty results when calculating distance using the sensor output voltage. To resolve this problem, we developed a probabilistic output voltage observation model. The particle filter estimates position from voltage information using this model without the use of calculated distance. The second problem is that the spatial resolution is low because only four IR sensors are used. This problem was solved by rotating the robot horizontally at all times to acquire information from various directions. The localization performance was verified experimentally using an electric turntable and a cart. In the first and second experiments, we confirmed that localization is successful even when the robot is in motion and even when the robot is flying near a wall.

scholarly journals Simplified cascade multiphase DC-DC boost power converters for high voltage-gain and low-ripple applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Pekik Argo Dahono
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Power Converters ◽  
Voltage Gain ◽  
Power Devices ◽  
Switching Power ◽  
Voltage Drops ◽  
High Voltage Gain ◽  
Basic Performance ◽  
Phase Number

This paper proposes two new simplified cascade multiphase DC-DC boost power converters with high voltage-gain and low ripple. All simplifications reduce the number of active switching devices from <em>2N</em> into <em>N</em>, where <em>N</em> is the phase number. The first simplification reduces the number of inductors from <em>2N</em> into <em>N+1</em> and increases the number of diodes from <em>2N</em> into (<em>2N+1</em>). The second simplification reduces the number of inductors from <em>2N</em> into <em>N+1</em> and increases the number of diodes from <em>2N</em> into (<em>3N+1</em>). The second simplification needs inductors with smaller current rating than the first simplification. The expressions of output voltage as a function of load current are derived by taking into account the voltage drops across the inductors and switching power devices. Simulated and experimental results are included to show the basic performance of the proposed cascade multiphase DC-DC boost power converters.

scholarly journals Level Reduction of Output Noise of Reference Voltage Sources

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Bondar ◽  
Maria Zhavoronkova ◽  
Aleksandr Vostrukhin ◽  
Elena Vakhtina ◽  
Elena Zorina
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Reference Voltage ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Output Noise ◽  
Level Reduction ◽  
Stable Voltage

Abstract Technologies for processing of digital signals find broad application in all spheres of the human activity, including agriculture. Further perfecting of these technologies is related to increasing of resolving power in analogue-to-digital and digital-to-analogue converters, requiring the improvement of quality indicator of the reference voltage sources such as noise level. This paper presents the possibilities for level reduction of output noise of the reference voltage sources. Circuit solutions of the single-stage and twostage, unipolar and bipolar low-noise sources of stable voltage of direct current produced on the basis of standard integral chips of voltage stabilizers are observed. The proposed circuit solutions provide reduction of output noise level of the reference voltage sources to the level of intrinsic noise of the operational amplifiers, which are part of the developed devices. It should be emphasized that single-stage unipolar low-noise sources of stable voltage of direct current are characteristic by the inversion of output voltage polarity that takes place in accordance with the polarity of output voltage of voltage stabilizer integral chip.

scholarly journals New bidirectional step-up DC-DC converter derived from buck- boost DC-DC converter

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1699
Author(s):  
Ridha D. N. Aditama ◽  
Naqita Ramadhani ◽  
Jihad Furqani ◽  
Arwindra Rizqiawan ◽  
Pekik Argo Dahono
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Voltage Drops ◽  
Lc Filter ◽  
Filter Capacitor ◽  
Switching Devices

<span lang="EN-US">This paper proposes a new bidirectional step-up DC-DC converter, namely modified buck-boost DC-DC converter. The proposed DC-DC converter was derived from the conventional buck-boost DC-DC converter. Output voltage expression of the proposed converter was derived by considering the voltage drops across inductors and switching devices. The results have shown that with the same parameter of input LC filter, proposed DC-DC converter has lower conduction losses. Moreover, the proposed DC-DC converter has lower rated voltage of filter capacitor than the conventional boost DC-DC converter which lead to cost efficiency. Finally, a scaled-down prototype of laboratory experiment was used to verify its theoretical analysis.</span>

scholarly journals The Instensity Measurement And Noise Mapping in Fatty Acid Plant Area At PT. XYZ

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Chalis Fajri Hasibuan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Noise Control ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Acid Plant ◽  
Noise Mapping ◽  
Machine Maintenance ◽  
Plant Area ◽  
Oil Derivatives

PT. XYZ is a factory engaged in processing of palm oil derivatives in producing a fatty acid. The machines used in the processing process at PT. Permata Hijau Palm Oleo KIM II Mabar generate the noise. This research aimed to find out the existing noise level and noise mapping, also the proposal of noise control on the production floor. Then, the data collection method conducted through observation using the equivalent noise level (Leq) method and noise mapping was through surfer 14. The data collection conducted in 16 points on the production floor. Furthermore, the result and noise distribution pattern showed that the high noise level was in several points, those were point 5 (85.77); point 6 (86.82); point 7 (86.33), point 8 (88.18); point 10 (86.96); point 13 (86.85); point 14 (87.67). The allowed threshold value refers to the Decree of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration No.Per.13/MEN/X/2011 is 85 dB. Thus, the company needs to perform noise control such as barrier usage, regularly and scheduled machine maintenance to prevent and decrease the effect of the noise

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