scholarly journals Kajian Analisis Respon Struktur Bangunan Baja di Bawah Pengaruh Kombinasi Beban Termal (Kebakaran) dan Beban Angin. (Hal. 13-25)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Amatulhay Pribadi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Load ◽  
Stress Ratio ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Temperature Load ◽  
Critical Thermal Load ◽  
Steel Properties

ABSTRAKBeban termal yang terjadi pada bangunan dapat mengakibatkan degradasi pada struktur baja dan menyebabkan keruntuhan. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh beban termal disertai beban angin terhadap respon dari struktur bangunan baja lima belas lantai yang berfungsi sebagai perkantoran dengan mempertimbangkan degradasi propertis baja, reduksi beban hidup dan beban mati tambahan, serta kecepatan penanganan pemadaman. Simulasi terbagi menjadi tiga kasus yaitu penanganan pemadaman kebakaran cepat, penanganan pemadaman kebakaran lambat, dan penentuan beban termal kritis. Analisis struktur dilakukan dengan bantuan software ETABS. Hasil simulasi kebakaran menunjukkan semakin tinggi temperatur maka stress ratio dari elemen struktur makin membesar. Pada penentuan beban termal kritis diperoleh bahwa besar beban termal yang dapat menyebabkan minimal satu elemen struktur utama mengalami kegagalan pada umumnya berbeda pada lantai level bawah, tengah, dan atas. Pada studi kasus ini diperoleh beban temperatur kritis paling besar yaitu pada lantai level atas.Kata kunci: beban termal, degradasi propertis baja, kegagalan struktur ABSTRACTThermal load on the building can lead into the degradation of steel structure and cause collapse. This study analyze the effect of thermal along with wind loads on the response of fifteen stories steel structure building which serves as an office by considering the degradation of steel properties, the reduction of live load and super imposed dead load, and the speed of handling the extinguishing. This simulation is divided into three cases which are fast handling of extinguishing, slow handling of extinguishing, and the determination of the critical thermal load. Structural analysis will be done using the ETABS software. The result of fire simulation showed that when the temperature is higher, the stress ratio of structural elements will also expand. In the determination of the critical thermal load, it is obtained that the thermal loads which can cause failure in minimum one major structural element are generally different at the bottom, middle, and top level of stories. In this case study, the highest critical temperature load is on the top level.Keywords: thermal load, steel properties degradation, structure failure

scholarly journals Structural vehicle impact loading

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
Dragoslav Stojic ◽  
Stefan Conic
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Impact Loads ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Static Loads ◽  
Equivalent Static Loads ◽  
Vehicle Impact ◽  
Dynamic Forces ◽  
Force Intensity

In contemporary design, vehicle impact into the structures is paid great attention since they can be dominant, depending on the type of structure. The key issue in the vehicle impact analysis is the proper determination of intensity and way of action of dynamic forces on the structural element and its behavior after the imparted load. The Eurocodes, in the annexes provide recommendations for determination of force intensity depending on mass and velocity of the colliding vehicle. Equivalent static loads causing approximate effects on the structural elements are used as quite approximate and efficient methods. The paper comprises the analysis of deformation of columns having the same characteristics, exposed to impact loads via the equivalent static loads, depending on the stress state in columns, and a comparative analysis has been done.

scholarly journals Assessment of technical condition and repair of steel structure elements on the example of fire damage in a warehouse building

2019 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Andrzej Ambroziak ◽  
Paweł Piotrkowski ◽  
Tomasz Heizig
Keyword(s):  
Steel Structure ◽  
External Source ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Site Investigations ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Repair Procedure

The paper analyses a case study on the structural assessment of warehouse building partially damaged by fire caused by external source (fire of lorries close to the building). The authors focus on the site investigations and laboratory test results prior to assessing actual condition of the structural elements. Both strengthening concept and repair procedure of a steel column are addressed here. A short literature survey in the paper regards fire damages and its impact on the entire structural systems and its members.

Design Curves for High-Cycle Fatigue Loaded Structural Elements

2013 ◽  
Vol 752 ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Koncsik ◽  
János Lukács
Keyword(s):  
High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Fatigue Design ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
Important Design

Frequently, the cause of the failure of different structures or structural elements is the cyclic loading. Both fatigue design curves and methods for determination of these curves can be found in the literature. Even so, there are structural details whereabouts executing of examinations is necessary. The aims of the study are as follows: to give a short summary of important design curves can be found in different standards or specifications; and to demonstrate of own high cycle fatigue tests on a soldered structural element and the comparing of our results and the results of an empirical method.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF SERVICEABILITY IN THE PROCESS OF WEAR OF ELEMENTS DURING THE OPERATION OF OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Sevda Aliyeva Sevda Aliyeva
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Total Utility ◽  
Generalized Indicator

The generalized indicator of useful use, depending on the state of individual elements of oil-producing equipment, characterizes the ability of this equipment to perform its function during operation at optimal working time. The generalized indicator of the useful use of operational equipment can be described as the calculated sum of the indicator of the useful use of individual equipment elements. If, during operation, the oil-producing equipment retains its operability due to frequent replacement of its structural and non-structural elements, then such operational equipment is considered by users as outdated. Operating equipment can be divided into 6 categories according to the indicators of suitability. The article analyzes the state of useful use of equipment and, as a result, the total utility of equipment is calculated in accordance with the indicators of useful use by category, and graphs of changes in the state of useful use are constructed. Based on the study of the graphs of the useful use of equipment, it was proposed to conduct an analysis in the following areas: • Evaluation of the design and technological perfection of the equipment by users according to important new parameters. • Determination of equipment compliance with wear standards during operation. Keywords: structural element, wear theory, the usefulness of jam, categories, schedule of changes, reliability.

Experimental Determination of Stress Concentrations in Composite Laminates and their Effects on Damage Evolution

2006 ◽  
Vol 5-6 ◽  
pp. 383-390
Author(s):  
D.T.G. Katerelos ◽  
C. Galiotis
Keyword(s):  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Space Structures ◽  
Civil Infrastructure ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fail Safe ◽  
Circular Notch

Composite laminates are used for the construction of a wide range of products; from civil infrastructure to aeronautical or space structures. Since all these structures cannot be built at once, but they are composed by several structural elements connected in various patterns, the problem of stress concentrations strikes importantly. Additionally, the structures are often designed in a “fail safe” manner, which bespeaks the damage tolerance of the material. This means that the structural element and the structure are called to operate in the presence of various forms of damage. Damage locations within a structural element or a structure cause stress rising. In the present paper experimental investigation of the stress concentration arising in composite laminates, (a) around a circular notch and (b) due to damage onset and growth during their lifetime, is presented. The experimental results are compared to analytical model predictions.

scholarly journals NFLUENCE OF FAT PHASE ONTECHNOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT INDICATORS OF ICE CREAM PLOMBIR WITHOUT EMULSIFIERS

Food systems ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Shobanova ◽  
A. A. Tvorogova
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
High Dispersity ◽  
Fat Particles

The determination of the technological functionality of milk fat particles in terms of their effect on the nucleation in ice cream plombir with a mass fraction of milk fat of at least 15% was the aim of the study. this work was carried out to justify the possibility of producing ice cream without emulsifiers — components that stabilize the air phase. It has been established that milk fat, with content of at least 15% in the ice cream, as a structural element of the system, positively influences the effective viscosity, which optimal value is necessary for the distribution of structural elements in ice cream. Besides the particles of milk fat in plombir are partially demulsified and there-fore are involved in the stabilization of the air phase because of their presence in a higher quantity if to compare with other types of ice cream due to its fragile protein-lipid shell. It promotes also the nucleation of ice crystals, thus ensuring their high dispersity. As stabilizers of the structure the products of physical modification are used, which firmly hold water in the structure, including after temperature fluctuations. the practical importance of the research was found in the development of ice cream plombir technology without the use of emulsifiers — a product without food additives or with a limited use of them.

The Study of Butt-Welded Connections after Fire Exposure

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teofil Florin Galatanu ◽  
Georgeta Băetu ◽  
Christiana Cazacu ◽  
Dorin Radu ◽  
Radu Muntean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Fire Exposure ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
Eurocode 3 ◽  
Strengthening Technique ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Steel Properties

The paper presents a study of fire behaviour of butt-welded connections taken into account the post fire conditions and the possibility of welding strengthening of fire exposed structures. The need of in service life of a steel structure after being exposed to fire raises the problem of strengthening or replacement of some structural elements. The degradation of steel properties with increasing temperature is considered according to Eurocode 3: Part 1-2 provisions. Following the experimental part, the behavior of the welded connections after fire exposure was compared with the original behaviour at the ambient temperature. The results and conclusions can be used for damage assessment and strengthening technique of post fire steel structure.

A novel method for the determination of linting propensity of paper

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
ALESSANDRA GERLI ◽  
LEENDERT C. EIGENBROOD
Keyword(s):  
Ash Content ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Offset Printing ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
End Conditions ◽  
Bottom Side ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Total Fraction

A novel method was developed for the determination of linting propensity of paper based on printing with an IGT printability tester and image analysis of the printed strips. On average, the total fraction of the surface removed as lint during printing is 0.01%-0.1%. This value is lower than those reported in most laboratory printing tests, and more representative of commercial offset printing applications. Newsprint paper produced on a roll/blade former machine was evaluated for linting propensity using the novel method and also printed on a commercial coldset offset press. Laboratory and commercial printing results matched well, showing that linting was higher for the bottom side of paper than for the top side, and that linting could be reduced on both sides by application of a dry-strength additive. In a second case study, varying wet-end conditions were used on a hybrid former machine to produce four paper reels, with the goal of matching the low linting propensity of the paper produced on a machine with gap former configuration. We found that the retention program, by improving fiber fines retention, substantially reduced the linting propensity of the paper produced on the hybrid former machine. The papers were also printed on a commercial coldset offset press. An excellent correlation was found between the total lint area removed from the bottom side of the paper samples during laboratory printing and lint collected on halftone areas of the first upper printing unit after 45000 copies. Finally, the method was applied to determine the linting propensity of highly filled supercalendered paper produced on a hybrid former machine. In this case, the linting propensity of the bottom side of paper correlated with its ash content.

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